Universiẗat, Diss., 2003--Bonn.

Orientador: Francisco José Teixeira Neto / Banca: Stelio Pacca Loureiro Luna / Banca: Carlos Augusto Araújo Valadão / Banca: Adriano Carregaro / Banca: Juliana Tabarelli Brondani / Resumo: A metadona é um opióide que possui potência analgésica semelhante à da morfina. Doses elevadas de metadona intravenosa (0,5-1,0 mg/kg), apesar de reduzirem a concentração alveolar mínima do isoflurano (CAMISO), resultam em maior depressão cardíaca que a observada com a morfina intravenosa (1,0 mg/kg) em cães. Com a hipótese de que a metadona peridural poderia proporcionar vantagens clínicas em relação à metadona intravenosa (maior potencialização da anestesia inalatória e maior eficácia analgésica), os estudos apresentados objetivaram comparar aspectos farmacocinéticos e farmacodinâmicos destas vias de administração da metadona em cães. Nos dois estudos iniciais (Capítulos 1 e 2), os mesmos seis animais foram anestesiados com isoflurano e tratados com metadona (0,5 mg/kg) peridural ou intravenosa em ocasiões distintas. No primeiro estudo (Capítulo 1), para comparação da farmacocinética destas duas vias de administração, a concentração de metadona foi determinada no plasma e no líquor da cisterna magna antes e durante 450 minutos após a administração do opióide. No segundo estudo (Capítulo 2), a CAMISO foi mensurada antes e após 2,5 e 5 horas da administração da metadona, mediante a aplicação da estimulação nociceptiva em membro pélvico e torácico (via peridural) ou em membro pélvico apenas (via intravenosa). No último estudo (Capítulo 3), cadelas apresentando tumores mamários, após serem tratadas de forma preemptiva com metadona (0,5 mg/kg) peridural ou intravenosa (10 animais por grupo), foram submetidas à mastectomia unilateral. Nesta etapa, avaliou-se a concentração expirada de isoflurano (ETISO) necessária à realização da mastectomia e, no período pós-operatório, avaliou-se os escores de dor, limiares nociceptivos mecânicos (LNM) das cadeias mamárias e requerimento de resgates analgésicos. No estudo do Capítulo 1, a via... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Methadone is an opioid that has analgesic potency comparable to that of morphine. High doses of intravenous methadone (0.5-1.0 mg/kg), in spite of reducing the minimum alveolar concentration of isoflurane (MACISO), cause greater cardiac depression than intravenous morphine (1 mg/kg) in dogs. The studies presented here aimed to compare some pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic aspects of peridural and intravenous methadone in dogs, testing the hypothesis that peridural methadone could result in clinical advantages when compared to intravenous methadone (greater reduction in anesthetic requirements and greater analgesic efficacy). In the first 2 studies (Chapters 1 and 2), the same six animals underwent isoflurane anesthesia and were treated with methadone (0.5 mg/kg) administered via the peridural or intravenous routes during different occasions. During the first study (Chapter 1), in order to compare the pharmacokinetics of these two administration routes, methadone concentrations were determined in plasma and in the cisternal cerebrospinal fluid before and for 450 minutes after opioid injection. During the second study (Chapter 2), MACISO was measured before, 2.5 and 5 hours after methadone injection via nociceptive stimulation of the thoracic and pelvic limb (peridural) or the pelvic limb (intravenous). During the last series of studies (Chapter 3), bitches presented with mammary gland tumors were preemptively treated with peridural or intravenous methadone (0.5 mg/kg) (10 animals per group) and underwent unilateral mastectomy. The end-tidal isoflurane concentration (ETISO) necessary for maintaining surgical anesthesia was evaluated and, during the postoperative period, parameters evaluated included Glasgow pain scores, mechanical nociceptive thresholds (MNT) in the mammary glands, and requirement for supplemental analgesia. In first study (Chapter 1), peridural methadone prolonged... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor

Recent developments in the practice control field have heightened the need for performance enhancement. The designed controller should not only guarantee the variables to follow their set point values, but also ought to focus on the performance of systems like quality, efficiency, etc. Hence, with the fact that the inevitable noises are widely existing during industry processes, the randomness of the tracking errors can be considered as a critical performance to improve further. In addition, due to the fact that some controllers for industrial processes cannot be changed once the parameters are designed, it is crucial to design a control algorithm to minimise the randomness of tracking error without changing the existing closed-loop control. In order to achieve the above objectives, a class of novel algorithms are proposed in this thesis for different types of systems with unmeasurable states. Without changing the existing closed-loop proportional integral(PI) controller, the compensative controller is extra added to reduce the randomness of tracking error. That means the PI controller can always guarantee the basic tracking property while the designed compensative signal can be removed any time without affecting the normal operation. Instead of just using the output information as PI controller, the compensative controller is designed to minimise the randomness of tracking error using estimated states information. Since most system states are unmeasurable, proper filters are employed to estimate the system states. Based on the stochastic system control theory, the criterion to characterise the system randomness are valid to different systems. Therefore a brief review about the basic concepts of stochastic system control contained in this thesis. More specifically, there are overshoot minimisation for linear deterministic systems, minimum variance control for linear Gaussian stochastic systems, and minimum entropy control for non-linear and non-Gaussian stochastic systems. Furthermore, the stability analysis of each system is discussed in mean-square sense. To illustrate the effectiveness of presented control methods, the simulation results are given. Finally, the works of this thesis are summarised and the future work towards to the limitations existed in the proposed algorithms are listed.

Disturbance plays integral role in the vegetative communities and succession in northern Alberta. Fire is the most common natural disturbance, and oil industry disturbance is a rapidly increasing anthropogenic disturbance on the landscape. In situ extraction of deep oil sands is increasing across Alberta, and with it, minimum disturbance sites used for seismic exploration and natural gas extraction also increase. To determine how these sites recover after disturbance, a 21 year chronosequence was established to address the following questions: 1) How do the plant communities differ between natural bogs, recently burned bogs, and bogs disturbed by `minimum disturbance petroleum industry activities? 2) How do the environmental conditions compare between undisturbed bogs, burned bogs, and bogs disturbed by `minimum disturbance' petroleum industry activities? 3) What is the revegetation pathway of minimum disturbance sites disturbed over the 21 year period? 4) What is the revegetation pathway of the burned bogs over the 21 year disturbance span? and 5) How does the (anthropogenic) minimum disturbance revegetation pathway compare to that of the (natural) fire disturbed bogs? To answer these questions 55 stands were sampled. The plant species were identified and abundance recorded, water chemistry was analyzed, shade recorded, depth to water measured, and oldest trees aged. Bog plant communities and environmental conditions at sites surveyed are similar to one another. Burned bogs were also similar in chemistry, vegetation, and physical traits of the sites. Minimum disturbance sites were quite varied in plant species and environmental conditions studied. A minimum disturbance revegetation could not be determined due to the amount variation in plant species and abundances between minimum disturbance sites of the same age. Burned bogs showed more predictable species interactions: Polytrichum strictum establishes early and subsequently declines. Sphagnum fuscum becomes dominant between 15 and 20 years after disturbance, and Picea mariana returns to burned sites between 1 and 5 years after fire and continues to increase in density. Minimum disturbance sites do not recover in a predictable manner, and some sites become rich fens. It is not clear if these sites will return to the pre-disturbance mature bog community, but burned bogs have a community closely resembling a mature bog after 20 years of revegetation. Documentation of pre-disturbance conditions and operational protocols is recommended in order to further understand sources of cation rich waters that could yield rich fen habitats.

Doctor of Philosophy / Department of Mathematics / Nathan Albin / The concept of discrete $p$-modulus provides a general framework for understanding arbitrary families of objects on a graph. The $p$-modulus provides a sense of ``structure'' of the underlying graph, with different families of objects leading to different insight into the graph's structure. This dissertation builds on this idea, with an emphasis on the family of spanning trees and the underlying graph structure that spanning tree modulus exposes. This dissertation provides a review of the probabilistic interpretation of modulus. In the context of spanning trees, this interpretation rephrases modulus as the problem of choosing a probability mass function on the spanning trees so that two independent, identically distributed random spanning trees have expected overlap as small as possible. A theoretical lower bound on the expected overlap is shown. Graphs that attain this lower bound are called homogeneous and have the property that there exists a probability mass function that gives every edge equal likelihood to appear in a random tree. Moreover, any nonhomogeneous graph necessarily has a homogeneous subgraph (called a homogeneous core), which is shown to split the modulus problem into two smaller subproblems through a process called deflation. Spanning tree modulus and the process of deflation establish a type of hierarchical structure in the underlying graph that is similar to the concept of core-periphery structure found in the literature. Using this, one can see an alternative way of decomposing a graph into its hierarchical community components using homogeneous cores and a related concept: minimum feasible partitions. This dissertation also introduces a simple greedy algorithm for computing the spanning tree modulus that utilizes any efficient algorithm for finding minimum spanning trees. A theoretical proof of the convergence rate is provided, along with computational examples.

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:35:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2007-12-14Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:45:54Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 monteiro_er_dr_botfm.pdf: 797553 bytes, checksum: 2573adacef9a78a933d99b600257058f (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / O efeito do remifentanil sobre a concentração alveolar mínima do isoflurano (CAMISO) foi estudado em seis cães com peso médio de 27,7±4,3 kg. Os animais foram anestesiados com isoflurano sob ventilação mecânica, mantendo-se normocapnia (PaCO2 média: 38,5 mm Hg) e normotermia (temperatura corpórea média: 38,1oC). A CAMISO, determinada por meio da estimulação nociceptiva (50V/50Hz/10ms) do membro torácico, foi mensurada antes (basal), durante a infusão contínua de diferentes doses de remifentanil (0,15; 0,30; 0,60 e 0,90 μg/kg/min) e aproximadamente 80 minutos após o término da infusão do opióide. Após um intervalo de 7 dias, a CAMISO foi determinada às 2, 4 e 6 horas após o início da infusão de 0,15 μg/kg/min de remifentanil. As variáveis foram analisadas por meio de ANOVA seguida pelo teste de Tukey ou Dunnett (P<0,05). A CAMISO redeterminada ao término da infusão (1,22±0,20%) não diferiu da CAMISO basal (1,38±0,20%). Os valores da CAMISO foram significativamente mais baixos nas três maiores taxas de infusão em relação à menor (0,15 μg/kg/min). Observou-se redução significativa da CAMISO com todas as taxas de infusão de remifentanil (reduções percentuais em relação ao valor basal de 43±10%, 59±10%, 66±9% e 71±9% para as taxas de 0,15; 0,30; 0,60 e 0,90 μg/kg/min, respectivamente). Embora o valor da CAMISO não tenha diferido entre as taxas de infusão de 0,30; 0,60 e 0,90 μg/kg/min, a percentagem de redução na CAMISO foi maior com a dose de 0,90 em relação à dose de 0,30 μg/kg/min. A CAMISO não se modificou ao longo do tempo com a taxa de 0,15 μg/kg/min. Em uma segunda etapa de experimentos, os efeitos hemodinâmicos da anestesia com remifentanil e isoflurano foram estudados nos mesmos cães. Adicionalmente, amostras de sangue foram colhidas para mensurar a concentração plasmática de arginina vasopressina... / The isoflurane-sparing effect of remifentanil on the minimum alveolar concentration (MACISO) was evaluated in six dogs weighing 27.7±4.3 kg. The dogs were anesthetized with isoflurane and mechanically ventilated to maintain eucapnia (mean PaCO2: 38.5 mm Hg). Mean core temperature was kept at 38.1oC. Noxious stimulation (50V/50Hz/10ms) was applied to the thoracic limb for determination of MACISO before (baseline), during different infusion rates of remifentanil (0.15, 0.30, 0.60 and 0.90 μg/kg/min) and approximately 80 minutes after stopping remifentanil infusion. After a 7-day washout period, MACISO was determined within 2, 4 and 6 hours of a constant rate infusion of remifentanil (0.15 μg/kg/min). Data were analyzed by ANOVA followed by a Tukey or Dunnett test whenever appropriate (P<0.05). After stopping remifentanil infusion, MACISO (1.22±0.20%) did not differ from baseline MACISO (1.38%±0.20). Mean values of MACISO were significantly lower during the infusion rates of 0.30, 0.60 and 0.90 μg/kg/min compared to the lowest infusion rate (0.15 μg/kg/min). All infusion rates of remifentanil decreased MACISO significantly (percentage reductions compared to baseline MACISO were 43±10%, 59±10%, 66±9% and 71±9% for the infusion rates of 0.15, 0.30, 0.60 and 0.90 μg/kg/min, respectively). Although MACISO did not differ among the three highest infusion rates of remifentanil, the percentage reduction in MACISO was significantly greater during 0.90 μg/kg/min compared to 0.30 μg/kg/min. The effect of remifentanil on MACISO was stable during a prolonged constant rate infusion (0.15 μg/kg/min). In a second set of experiments, the hemodynamic changes during remifentanil-isoflurane anesthesia were evaluated in the same six dogs. Additionally, blood samples were collected to determine plasma concentrations of arginine vasopressin. In a randomized cross-over design, the dogs received... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

abstract: There are many computer aided engineering tools and software used by aerospace engineers to design and predict specific parameters of an airplane. These tools help a design engineer predict and calculate such parameters such as lift, drag, pitching moment, takeoff range, maximum takeoff weight, maximum flight range and much more. However, there are very limited ways to predict and calculate the minimum control speeds of an airplane in engine inoperative flight. There are simple solutions, as well as complicated solutions, yet there is neither standard technique nor consistency throughout the aerospace industry. To further complicate this subject, airplane designers have the option of using an Automatic Thrust Control System (ATCS), which directly alters the minimum control speeds of an airplane. This work addresses this issue with a tool used to predict and calculate the Minimum Control Speed on the Ground (VMCG) as well as the Minimum Control Airspeed (VMCA) of any existing or design-stage airplane. With simple line art of an airplane, a program called VORLAX is used to generate an aerodynamic database used to calculate the stability derivatives of an airplane. Using another program called Numerical Propulsion System Simulation (NPSS), a propulsion database is generated to use with the aerodynamic database to calculate both VMCG and VMCA. This tool was tested using two airplanes, the Airbus A320 and the Lockheed Martin C130J-30 Super Hercules. The A320 does not use an Automatic Thrust Control System (ATCS), whereas the C130J-30 does use an ATCS. The tool was able to properly calculate and match known values of VMCG and VMCA for both of the airplanes. The fact that this tool was able to calculate the known values of VMCG and VMCA for both airplanes means that this tool would be able to predict the VMCG and VMCA of an airplane in the preliminary stages of design. This would allow design engineers the ability to use an Automatic Thrust Control System (ATCS) as part of the design of an airplane and still have the ability to predict the VMCG and VMCA of the airplane. / Dissertation/Thesis / Masters Thesis Aerospace Engineering 2016

Orientador: Cláudio Salvadori Dedecca / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Economia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-17T00:38:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Jungbluth_Adriana_M.pdf: 1862911 bytes, checksum: a90ae6fa842f0c4ca1c808d500945ea4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / Resumo: O salário mínimo é uma instituição do mercado de trabalho utilizada atualmente em parte expressiva dos países capitalistas, sejam eles desenvolvidos ou em desenvolvimento. Seu objetivo principal é estabelecer uma remuneração mínima aos trabalhadores de determinado setor de atividade ou a todos os trabalhadores de uma região ou país. Nas primeiras experiências de sua utilização, seu foco era restrito a setores de atividade específicos, com o passar dos anos, sua aplicação passou a ser para a economia como um todo, tornando-se uma política de extrema importância. No Brasil o salário mínimo foi instituído pelo governo Getúlio Vargas em 1940. De sua implantação até os dias atuais, ele passou por períodos longos de desvalorização. Apenas no período mais recente, a partir de 1995, ele voltou a desempenhar uma trajetória de recuperação, fundamental para recuperar seu poder de compra, que atualmente é inferior àquele no momento de sua criação, e para a distribuição de renda. O objetivo deste estudo é analisar o período recente de valorização do salário mínimo e o papel que desempenha como ferramenta de valorização dos rendimentos do trabalho e de distribuição de renda. Para tanto, ele foi dividido em quatro seções, além da introdução e das considerações finais. O primeiro capítulo traz elementos da determinação salarial e da assimetria de poder de negociação para a discussão do salário mínimo. O segundo capítulo apresenta uma síntese da trajetória histórica da política de salário mínimo no mundo, desde sua instituição no final do século XIX, até os dias atuais. O terceiro capítulo apresenta o histórico dessa política no Brasil, de Vargas aos dias atuais. O quarto capítulo tem como foco o período recente de valorização do salário mínimo. Aborda a trajetória de valorização a partir de 1995 até 2008, analisa a dinâmica de valorização no mercado de trabalho e a questão da distribuição dos rendimentos do trabalho. Ademais, traça o perfil da população que recebe salário mínimo no país / Abstract: The minimum wage is an institution of the labour market used currently in expressive part of the capitalist countries, developed or in development. Its main objective is to establish a minimum remuneration to the workers of determined activity sector or to all the workers of a region or country. In the first experiences of its use, its focus was restricted the specific sectors of activity; passing of the years, its application started to be to the economy as a whole, becoming one politics of extreme importance. In Brazil the minimum wage was instituted by the Vargas government in 1940. From its implantation until the current days, it passed for long periods of depreciation. But in the most recent period, from 1995, it came back to play a recovery trajectory, basic to recoup its power of purchase, that currently is inferior to that one at the moment of its creation, and for the distribution of income. The objective of this study is to analyze the recent period of valuation of the minimum wage and the function that it plays as tool of valuation of the incomes of the work and of distribution of income. For in such a way, it was divided in four sections, beyond the introduction and of the final considerations. The first chapter brings elements of the wage determination and the asymmetry of being able of negotiation for the quarrel of the minimum wage. The second chapter presents a synthesis of the historical trajectory of the politics of minimum wage in the world, since its institution in the end of century XIX, until the current days. The third chapter presents the description of this politics in Brazil, of Vargas gives to them current. The fourth chapter focus the recent period of valuation of the minimum wage. It approaches the trajectory of valuation from 1995 up to 2008, analyzes the dynamics of valuation in the labor market and the question of the distribution of the incomes of the work. Moreover, it traces the profile of the population that receives minimum wage in the country / Mestrado / Economia Social e do Trabalho / Mestre em Desenvolvimento Econômico

Orientador: Geraldo Di Giovanni / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Economia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-08T08:46:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Silva_TiagoFalcao_M.pdf: 1575005 bytes, checksum: ba8a8c05d503fba829b12784394151e3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006 / Resumo: O lançamento e/ou ampliação de programas de transferência direta de renda, são considerados por inúmeros analistas como a principal inovação na política social brasileira nos últimos anos. No entanto, a experiência brasileira com programas desta natureza, é longa. Inicia-se em 1941, com o lançamento do abono família e amplia-se, ainda na década de 1970, com a instituição da Previdência Rural e da Renda Mensal Vitalícia. Não obstante, são as profundas reformas implementadas a partir da década de 1990, no arranjo institucional, na concepção dos programas e na definição dos recursos voltados, prioritariamente, para a população em situação de pobreza, que dão visibilidade ao tema. Esta dissertação tem como objeto de estudo o Sistema Federal de Proteção Social Brasileiro. Demonstra-se que as referidas reformas sofrem a influência da combinação de seis fatores: a Constituição de 1988; o reconhecimento da ineficácia de programas tradicionais; o reconhecimento de ¿novos¿ problemas na agenda governamental; a observação das experiências municipais e estaduais; a crise de financiamento do Estado; e o debate internacional sobre renda mínima. Percebe-se que o arranjo institucional proposto no Governo Fernando Henrique Cardoso, não resolveu os tradicionais problemas de fragmentação e superposição de objetivos, competências e público-alvo. Adicionalmente, verifica-se que os programas de transferência direta de renda têm uma base de financiamento frágil e incompatível com o tamanho e a complexidade dos problemas que pretendem enfrentar, permeados por grandes possibilidades de instabilidade e descontinuidade. Dentro das condições deste estudo, conclui-se que a proposta de unificação dos programas de transferência direta de renda, em execução no Governo Lula, surge como uma oportunidade impar de fortalecimento das ações sociais no sentido da consolidação de um Sistema Federal de Transferência Direta de Renda no Brasil / Abstract: Several analysts consider the launch and/or expansion of direct income transfer programs as the main innovation in the Brazilian Social Policy System in the recent period. However, Brazil has a long time tradition on the execution of such programs, which was initiated in 1941 when the abono familiar was launched and then enlarged in the 1970¿s with the implementation of the Rural Social Security and the Lifetime Monthly Grant. Notwithstanding, since the decade of 1990, greater visibility was given to the theme due to the significant reforms that were put into practice ¿ the institutional public arrangements; the conception of the programs and its resources allocation, prioritizing the low income population. This thesis aims at investigating the Brazilian Federal System of Social Protection. It attempts to demonstrate that the referred reforms were influenced by the combination of six major factors: the Constitution of 1988; the recognition of the inefficiency of traditional programs; the recognition of the existence of ¿new¿ problems in the governmental agenda; the observation of the states and districts experiences; the State funding crisis and the international debate about minimum income. It can be noticed that the institutional array employed by the government of the ex-President, Fernando Henrique Cardoso, did not solve traditional problems such as: fragmentation and overlapping of objectives, competences and targeted population. It can be verified that the programs have a fragile funding structure and are not compatible with the size and complexity of the problems they are intended to address, in addition to the fact that there are great possibilities of instabilities and discontinuities. This analysis comes to the conclusion that the proposal of the unification of the direct transfer income programs, which have been implemented by Lula's government, emerges as an unique opportunity for strengthening social actions in the sense of allowing the consolidation of a Federal System of Direct Income Transfer in Brazil / Mestrado / Economia Social e do Trabalho / Mestre em Desenvolvimento Econômico