This thesis presents a timing error detector (TED) used in the symbol timing synchronization subsystem for digital communications. The new timing error detector is designed to minimize the probability of symbol decision error, and it is called minimum symbol error rate TED (MSERTED). The new TED resembles the TED derived using the maximum likelihood (ML) criterion but gives rise to faster convergence relative to MLTED. The new TED requires shorter training sequences for symbol timing recovery. The TED operates on the outputs of the matched filter and estimates the timing offset. The S-curve is used as a tool for analyzing the behavior of the TEDs. The faster convergence of the new TED is shown in simulation results as compared to MLTED. The new TED works well for any two-dimensional constellation with arbitrarily shaped decision regions.

National English Committees insist that composition content is of first importance; organization of ideas, second; and form third. The writer agrees with this point of view, but believes that a large proportion of class time in English, all through the grades, is spent in trying to establish knowledge and skill in the use of grammar, punctuation, capitalization, and mechanics generally.

No description available.

No description available.

The purpose of this thesis is to assess the mortuary program at Morton Shell Mound (16IB3) using osteological and spatial analyses. Because of the fragmented and commingled nature of the remains, the analysis of mortuary practices includes quantitative assessment of the elements, examination of bone fracture patterns, and distributional analyses of the fragments. The collection includes 15,714 fragments with a total of 93 individuals represented. The elements exhibit primarily late-stage postmortem fractures, and are randomly distributed throughout the mound. These data indicate a complex mortuary program that that may have been used for longer than 900 years. Morton has the variability of burial styles, few grave offerings, and communal burials characteristic of Middle and Late Woodland mortuary practices. The compatibility of the methods used, and their applicability to fragmented remains, makes them advantageous tools in the quantification of commingled collections both in bioarchaeological and modern forensic investigations.

No description available.

For a graph G we define S(G) to be the set of all real symmetric n by n matrices whose off-diagonal zero/nonzero pattern is described by G. We show how to compute the minimum rank of all matrices in S(G) for a class of graphs called outerplanar graphs. In addition, we obtain results on the possible eigenvalues and possible inertias of matrices in S(G) for certain classes of graph G. We also obtain results concerning the relationship between two graph parameters, the zero forcing number and the path cover number, related to the minimum rank problem.

Smoothness is a hallmark of healthy movement and has the potential to be used as a marker of recovery in rehabilitation settings. While much past research has focused on shoulder and elbow movements (reaching), little is known about movements of the wrist despite its importance in everyday life and its impairment in many neurological and biomechanical disorders. Our current lack of knowledge regarding wrist movement prevents us from improving current models, diagnosis, and treatment of wrist disorders. In particular, while movement smoothness is a well-known characteristic of reaching movements and may potentially be used to diagnose and monitor recovery from neurological impairments, little is known about the smoothness of wrist rotations. Therefore, because the smoothness of wrist rotations has not been characterized, it cannot be used as a marker for diagnosis and evaluation. This study examines the smoothness of wrist rotations in comparison to the known baseline of reaching movements. Subjects were asked to perform wrist and reaching movements under a variety of conditions, including different speed and direction. To measure movement smoothness, this study used an established metric of speed profile number of maxima and presents a novel method for characterizing smoothness by fitting a minimum-jerk trajectory to real movement data.The results show that 1) wrist rotations are significantly less smooth than reaching movements (p≤0.0016), 2) smoothness decreases significantly as speed decreases (p<0.0001), and 3) wrist movements exhibit a pattern of smoothness that varies significantly between targets and outbound/inbound movement directions (p<0.0001). Potential causes for results 1 and 3 are presented and tested by simulation or reference to prior studies, because these findings were previously unknown. The decrease in smoothness with speed (result 2) has been found in prior studies of smoothness in reaching and finger movements. The reasoning behind the first result is explored by testing whether the difference in smoothness between wrist and reaching movements was due to differences in mechanical, muscular, neural, or protocol-related properties. The reasoning behind the third result is explored by testing whether the difference in wrist direction was due to anisotropy in musculoskeletal dynamics or anisotropy in movement duration. The simulations show that the wrist’s bandwidth is greater than that of the arm, and that there is nonvoluntary power in the bandwidth of the wrist that would be low-pass filtered in reaching movements, indicating that at least some of the difference in smoothness between wrist and reaching movements is due to differences in mechanical properties. Differences in muscular, neural, or protocol-related properties (signal-dependent noise, proprioceptive acuity, and the speed requirements of the task, respectively) do not appear to be the cause of the difference in smoothness between wrist and reaching movements. Differences in wrist smoothness between movement directions appears to be related to differences in movement duration between directions.

We construct a covering system whose minimum modulus is 42. This improves the previous record of 40 by P. Nielsen.

Sustainable manufacturing is making products from processes which have minimal environmental impact, energy and resource efficient, economically viable and safe for consumers and society as whole. Achieving sustainability in manufacturing would mean infusing sustainability methods on product process and system level. On the process level, machining technology is one of the most widely extended processes in the industry. One way to attain sustainability in this technology is by adopting efficient management of Metal Working Fluids (MWF). In this purpose to reduce the amount of MWF starts Minimum Quantity Lubrication (MQL), where very small quantity of fluid is applied to the cutting zone with maximum precision. Moreover, addition of nanoparticles to these ´minimum quantity lubricants´ further enhances its tribological properties leading to higher reduction in friction and temperature in the machining process.The main objective of this thesis is to study the performance of cooling-lubricating fluids and these fluids modified with nanoparticles, how the use of this new lubricants improves the results obtained in material process technologies, particularly in turning. This project is being supported by the company LetsNano AB, providing the lubricants enhanced with nanoparticles and the funding, and Accu-Svenska AB, providing base oil and MQL technology.The experiments are carried out at Kungliga Tekniska Högskolan (KTH), at Institutionen för Industriell Produktion (IIP) laboratory. The turning process was tested with two different workipiece materials: hardened steel (Toolox® 44) provided by SSAB, and grey cast iron (Scania case study material). Two different tooling systems, due to the different materials. One provided by Mircona AB, and the other given directly by Scania, provided by Sandvik AB and Cermatec AB. The MQL system is a high-performance booster provided by Acuu-Svenska AB. The lubricant is a vegetable oil that will also be the base for the Nanofluids (NF). This Nanofluids and produced and developed by LetsNanoAB.The study revealed an encouraging potential of moving from conventional (dry) cooling techniques to the vegetable oil based MQL. Machining performance of MQL was encouraging as in most of the cases the systematic reduction in tool wear reveals a better machinability. The contribution of this work for Scania could help them to take the decision and move to more sustainable machining processes. To prove the potential of the nanotechnology in this kind of processes further study is needed, and it is going to be tested at IIP facilities in near future. The implementation of this technology brings more challenges that should considered a study of the hazards of the technology (emissions, fire and explosion, noise, skin…) necessary safety measures (cleaning, operator instruction, skin protection…) and modifications in the machine tools system beyond the process only. This could also be a next step in the further study of this research. / Hållbar tillverkning gör produkter från processer som har minimal miljöpåverkan, energi och resurseffektiv, ekonomiskt genomförbar och säker för konsumenterna och samhället som helhet. Att uppnå hållbarhet i tillverkningen skulle innebära infusion av hållbarhetsmetoder på produktprocess och systemnivå. På processnivå är bearbetningsteknologi en av de mest utbredda processerna inom branschen. Ett sätt att uppnå hållbarhet i denna teknik är genom att anta effektiv hantering av metallbearbetningsvätsko (MWF). I detta syfte för att minska mängden MWF startas Minimalsmörjning (MQL), där mycket liten mängd vätska appliceras på skärzonen med maximal precision. Dessutom ökar tillsatsen av nanopartiklar till dessa "minimala smörjmedel" ytterligare sina tribologiska egenskaper vilket leder till högre minskning av friktion och temperatur i bearbetningsprocessen.Huvudsyftet med denna avhandling är att studera prestanda av kylsmörjande vätskor och dessa vätskor modifierade med nanopartiklar, hur användningen av de här nya smörjmedlen förbättrar resultaten som erhållits i materialteknik, särskilt vid vridning. Projektet stöds av företaget LetsNano AB, vilket ger smörjmedlen förbättrad med nanopartiklar och finansieringen, och Accu-Svenska AB, som erbjuder basolja och MQL-teknik.Experimenten utförs vid Kungliga Tekniska Högskolan (KTH) vid Institutionen för Industriell Produktion (IIP). Vridprocessen testades med två olika material: Härdat stål (Toolox® 44) som SSAB levererade och grått gjutjärn (Scanias fallstudiematerial). Två olika verktygssystem, på grund av olika material. En som tillhandahålls av Mircona AB och den andra som ges direkt av Scania, tillhandahållen av Sandvik AB och Cermatec AB. MQL-systemet är en högpresterande booster som tillhandahålls av Acuu-Svenska AB. Smörjmedlet är en vegetabilisk olja som också kommer att vara basen för Nanofluiderna (NF). Dessa Nanofluider och produceras och utvecklas av LetsNanoAB.Studien avslöjade en uppmuntrande potential att flytta från konventionell (torr) kylningsteknik till den vegetabiliska oljebaserade MQL. Maskinens bearbetningsförmåga var uppmuntrande, eftersom i de flesta fallen den systematiska minskningen av verktygsslitaget visar bättre bearbetning. Arbetet med detta arbete för Scania kan hjälpa dem att fatta beslut och flytta till mer hållbara bearbetningsprocesser. För att bevisa nanoteknikens potential i denna typ av processer krävs ytterligare studier, och det kommer att bli testat vid IIP-anläggningar inom en snar framtid. Genomförandet av denna teknik ger fler utmaningar som bör övervägas en studie av farorna med tekniken (utsläpp, brand och explosion, buller, hud ...) nödvändiga säkerhetsåtgärder (rengöring, operatörsinstruktion, skydd mot huden ...) och modifikationer i verktygsmaskinerna system utöver processen bara. Detta kan också vara nästa steg i den fortsatta studien av denna forskning.