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O objetivo desta dissertação é analisar a função política exercida pelo Ministério da Saúde (MS) na política de Cooperação Técnica entre Países em Desenvolvimento (CTPD), empreendida com o Haiti durante o governo do ex-presidente Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva (2003-2010). Para isso, propõe a construção de uma análise transversal que engloba os estudos sobre as burocracias, oriundos da Ciência Política, e as recentes pesquisas sobre o crescente engajamento dos ministérios para a consecução da agenda política de Cooperação Sul-Sul (CSS), pertencentes à Análise de Política Externa (APE), do campo das Relações Internacionais. Neste sentido, a pesquisa lança mão do estudo de caso do Projeto Sul-Sul de Fortalecimento da Autoridade Sanitária do Haiti PRODOC- BRA/10/2005, assinado em 29 de novembro de 2010, a fim de verificar a maneira pela qual, a estrutura institucional do MS desempenhou simultaneamente as funções de formulação e implementação da referida política. / The aim of this dissertation is to analyze the political function exercised by the Ministry of Health on the Technical Cooperation policy between Developing Countries undertaken with Haiti during the government of former President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva (2003-2010). For such purpose, it is proposed to build a cross-sectional analysis that includes studies of bureaucracies arising from Political Science and recent researches on the increasing engagement of the ministries to achieve South-South Cooperation political agenda belonging pertaining to the Foreign Policy Analysis of the International Relations field. In this regard, the research makes use of the case study of South-South Project of Haiti Sanitary Authority Strengthening - PRODOC- BRA / 10/2005, signed on November 29, 2010, in order to verify the way in which the Ministry of Health institutional structure simultaneously played both formulation and implementation functions of said policy.

Aim: This thesis aims to explore and investigate the level and process of adoption of Antimicrobial Stewardship Programmes (ASPs) and factors influencing their implementation in Saudi Ministry of Health (MOH) hospitals. The findings of this study will provide hospitals and policy makers with evidence-based recommendations on how barriers to ASPs adoption can be overcome, which will ultimately improve antimicrobial use and reduce antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Method: A mixed method approach was carried out using both qualitative and quantitative research methods. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with healthcare professionals in three Saudi hospitals to explore the enablers and barriers to their adoption of ASPs. A survey was then developed based on these findings to investigate the level of hospitals' adoption of ASPs and factors influencing their implementation at a national level. Further, a case study using in-depth interviews was utilised to understand the process of ASP adoption in a Saudi hospital, and how adoption challenges were addressed. Finally, a self-administered questionnaire was used to examine patients' knowledge and perceptions of antimicrobial use and resistance, and to evaluate the institutional role of patient education on antimicrobial use in two Saudi hospitals. The overall methodology of the research is summarised in Figure I. Results: Despite the introduction of a national ASP strategy, adoption of ASPs in Saudi MOH hospitals remains low. Organisational barriers such as the lack of senior management support, lack of supportive IT infrastructure and the shortage of ASP team members hinder hospitals' efforts to adopt ASPs. Further barriers relate to the lack of formal enforcement by MOH and the physicians fears of patients' complications and clinical liability. Patients admitted to Saudi hospitals lack knowledge and perceptions of AMR, and the adoption of ASPs may improve hospitals' role in patients' education. Conclusions: Despite the established benefits of ASPs, their adoption in Saudi MOH hospitals remains low. Urgent action is needed to address the strategies priorities associated with AMR, including access to antimicrobials, antimicrobial stewardship and education and research. Policy makers are urged to consider making ASPs adoption in hospitals a regulatory requirement supported by national guidelines and surveillance programmes. It is essential to increase the provision of ID and infection control residency and training programmes to meet the extreme shortage of ID physicians, pharmacists, microbiologists and infection control practitioners. Higher education institutions and teaching hospitals are required to introduce antimicrobial prescribing and stewardship competencies into undergraduate Medical, Pharmacy, Dental, Nursing and Veterinary curriculum, as well as introduction of AMR topics in order to increase knowledge and awareness of ASPs and AMR. Collaboration between ASPs adopting and non-adopting hospitals is essential to share implementation experience, strategies and solutions to overcome barriers. Healthcare specialised associations are needed to be part of AMR conversation and guide healthcare professionals' training and accreditation. Multiple stakeholders should be actively part of the conversations around tacking AMR. Primary care, secondary care, community pharmacies and policy makers should strive to create a shared culture of responsibility among all healthcare partners to improve antimicrobial therapy and reduce risks of AMR.

The present study attempted to investigate the information needs/information seeking behaviour of health researchers at the National Institute of Health Research and Development, Ministry of Health, Indonesia. Its objective was to identify the relationship between information needs/information seeking behaviour and the characteristics of those health professionals. Those characteristics include institution to which health professionals belonged, institution geographic location, level of appointment, level of education, and work experience. Research was carried out through survey by using a questionnaire. This survey obtained a response rate of 92 percent from a sample of 131 health professionals. Their information needs/information seeking behaviour were correlated with their characteristics to determine relationships, and the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) was used to analyse the data. Frequency distribution, chi-square analysis, and descriptive analysis were used to obtain the results. The study found that the health information available did not match the health professionals' needs and that there was strong demand by these personnel for automated information services. It also found that total hours reading per week was significantly related to level of appointment, level of education, and work experience at other institutions. The perceived usefulness of journals as information sources was significantly related to institution, geographic location, level of appointment, level of education and work experience at other institutions. Government publications and statistical data as a source of information were found to be related significantly to institution and geographic location. There was also a relationship between the perceived value of reference books and work experience at the current institution. The usefulness of library catalogues as a guide to information was found to be related significantly to institution and geographic location, as was the usefulness of abstracting and indexing services to level of education. Frequency of visiting libraries was significantly related to institution, geographic location and level of appointment. The membership of professional organizations and obtaining useful information from friends, colleagues or personal contact were found to be significantly related to level of education. The study concludes with recommendations and suggestions for further research.

Ministry of Health Decision Practice in the area of Administrative Offences according to The Act on Pharmaceuticals Key Words: Medicinal Products, Administrative Offence, Ministry of Health In the first chapter of this master thesis I dealt with the general issue of administrative offences. I also introduced the Act on Pharmaceuticals and explained the fundamental term "a pharmaceutical," which includes medicinal products and active substances. The state administration is provided by State Institute for Drug Control which adjudicates in administrative offences in the first instance, and Ministry of Health that hears appeals against these decisions. In the second chapter, there is interpreted a material law part of the Act on Pharmaceuticals. I also introduced the elements of administrative offences, responsibility for them, sanctions, speciality and subsidiarity, analogy within the administrative sentencing etc. The third chapter is dedicated to procedural matters concerning the Act on Pharmaceuticals. The whole procedure starts with a control of an operator. If he/she does not abide the relevant rules of law, State Institute for Drug Control will initiate an administrative procedure and after finding necessary facts this institution renders a meritorious decision. If the operator was not satisfied...

The goal of this master thesis is to analyze issues connected to medical tourism, to show, how the Czech Republic could benefit from supporting this niche and imply whether this support is worth it. Bearing this in mind, I suggest a plan of medical tourism support, which could be implemented by the Czech Ministry of Health. In the theoretical part, the term medical tourism is defined and it is determined what implications medical tourism might have for both source and destination countries. The legal framework on medical tourism is described and I mention reasons why it should be the Ministry of Health's responsibility to support the segment. The analytical part describes and analyzes in depth the current state of medical tourism in the Czech Republic. A research on the hospitals' position on medical tourism has been carried out. Furthermore, a questionnaire had been sent to embassies of the Czech Republic around the world. Based on discoveries made in the analytical part, I conclude that although medical tourism in the Czech Republic has certain potential, this potential has its limits. The main limit might be that public hospitals have little motivation to seek for revenues outside of subsidies. In accordance with the aforementioned, I suggest a plan on medical tourism support for the Ministry of Health and a budget of its implementation is also established. The thesis also mentions its possible connection to medical export.

O objetivo desta dissertação é analisar a função política exercida pelo Ministério da Saúde (MS) na política de Cooperação Técnica entre Países em Desenvolvimento (CTPD), empreendida com o Haiti durante o governo do ex-presidente Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva (2003-2010). Para isso, propõe a construção de uma análise transversal que engloba os estudos sobre as burocracias, oriundos da Ciência Política, e as recentes pesquisas sobre o crescente engajamento dos ministérios para a consecução da agenda política de Cooperação Sul-Sul (CSS), pertencentes à Análise de Política Externa (APE), do campo das Relações Internacionais. Neste sentido, a pesquisa lança mão do estudo de caso do Projeto Sul-Sul de Fortalecimento da Autoridade Sanitária do Haiti PRODOC- BRA/10/2005, assinado em 29 de novembro de 2010, a fim de verificar a maneira pela qual, a estrutura institucional do MS desempenhou simultaneamente as funções de formulação e implementação da referida política. / The aim of this dissertation is to analyze the political function exercised by the Ministry of Health on the Technical Cooperation policy between Developing Countries undertaken with Haiti during the government of former President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva (2003-2010). For such purpose, it is proposed to build a cross-sectional analysis that includes studies of bureaucracies arising from Political Science and recent researches on the increasing engagement of the ministries to achieve South-South Cooperation political agenda belonging pertaining to the Foreign Policy Analysis of the International Relations field. In this regard, the research makes use of the case study of South-South Project of Haiti Sanitary Authority Strengthening - PRODOC- BRA / 10/2005, signed on November 29, 2010, in order to verify the way in which the Ministry of Health institutional structure simultaneously played both formulation and implementation functions of said policy.

The purpose of this study was to examine the extent to which human resources capacity of the Ministry of Health and Social Services (MoHSS), Namibia, influences health care services delivery to the Namibian population. A qualitative research model using exploratory and descriptive study designs was adopted. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 46 health workers from two referral hospitals and two directorates in Windhoek District. The study found that there is severe staff shortage in the MoHSS, which has resulted in high workload and poor health care. Health worker migration, new services and programmes, emerging diseases, and population growth were reported to have contributed to staff shortage and high workload in the MoHSS. Study findings suggested a need to create more posts to accommodate emerging needs, and to introduce an effective retention strategy to attract and retain health professionals with scarce skills, and those working under difficult conditions. / Public Administration & Management / M. Tech. (Public Management)