Yes / The paper presents a new modeling and design concept of antennas using polar- ization diversity of 2 £ 2 and 3 £ 3 Multiple Input Multiple Outputs (MIMO) system that is proposed for future mobile handsets. The channel capacity is investigated and discussed over Raleigh fading channel and compared to a linear/planner antenna array MIMO channel. The capacity is also discussed over three types of power azimuth spectrums. The results are compared to the constraints capacity limits in which the maximum capacity observed.

The purpose for this thesis, "A Pavilion for Time", is to allow an unhindered exploration of phenomenological time. It is to go beyond, to transcend a convention towards empiricism. The result is an uncritical state, unhindered, uncluttered, a place of pure perception, an existential autoclave. As a phenomenological exploration with architecture as the vehicle, this project investigates time as experienced. It is a heuristic excercise. Its goal is to encourage or rather enhance an understanding of phenomenological time. This thesis does not attempt to answer the question "What is time?" but rather, with architecture, examines the question "How do we, as cognizant human beings, exist with time?" / Master of Architecture

There has been a tremendous rise in the use of Wireless Application Protocol (WAP) services for cellular telephones. Such services include electronic mail, printing, fax delivery, and weather reports. But, current services are limited both in type and nature. Today, mobile telephone users need access to more dynamic, location-based, distributed services that include both hardware resources, like printers and computers, and software services, like application software. Problems due to mobility include clients disconnecting from the network, services leaving the network, and communication problems. This research proposes and demonstrates the feasibility of a framework for a system to meet such a need. More specifically, this work develops and demonstrates a distributed environment where mobile telephone users have access to services dynamically as they enter and leave different service areas. It also provides a framework to support mobility in the application layer context. This work utilizes Sun Microsystem's JINI connection technology to provide distributed services to mobile telephones over WAP. It provides a prototype system to provide Java based software services to mobile telephones. The work also provides several optimizations with respect to client communication by harnessing key features of WAP. This provides a robust, dynamic environment for service provisioning. / Master of Science

No

L'apprentissage à distance dans les pays en développement présente des défis uniques en raison de l'inadéquation entre les capacités des plateformes existantes et les réalités locales. De nombreuses plateformes éducatives actuelles sont conçues pour répondre aux besoins des pays développés, où l'accès aux ordinateurs et à une connectivité Internet fiable est courant. En revanche, les étudiants des pays en développement manquent souvent d'ordinateurs personnels et doivent se fier aux téléphones portables, qui ne sont pas toujours compatibles avec ces plateformes. De plus, la connectivité Internet dans ces régions est souvent limitée ou instable, entravant davantage l'accès au contenu éducatif, en particulier au partage de vidéos, qui est gourmand en bande passante. Ce projet vise à développer une application de partage de vidéos spécifiquement adaptée au contexte éducatif africain. L'application a été optimisée pour les appareils mobiles, garantissant l'accessibilité pour les étudiants qui n'ont pas accès aux ordinateurs personnels. De plus, elle incorpore des fonctionnalités permettant de fonctionner efficacement avec une connectivité Internet faible et intermittente, telles que l'accès au contenu et l'utilisation efficace des données. En répondant à ces besoins spécifiques, le projet cherche à améliorer l'efficacité de l'apprentissage à distance dans les pays en développement, offrant une expérience éducative plus inclusive et équitable. De plus, cette recherche pourrait servir de base à des travaux futurs, notamment la mise en œuvre pratique du "Versatile Video Coding (VVC)" dans les processus de téléchargement de vidéos. / Distance learning in developing countries presents unique challenges due to the mismatch between the capabilities of existing platforms and local realities. Many educational platforms are designed to meet the needs of developed countries, where access to computers and reliable Internet connectivity is common. In contrast, students in developing countries often lack personal computers and must rely on mobile phones, which are not always compatible with these platforms. Moreover, Internet connectivity in these regions is frequently limited or unstable, further hindering access to educational content, particularly video-sharing, which is bandwidth-intensive. This project aims to develop a video-sharing application specifically adapted to the African educational context. The application has been optimized for mobile devices, ensuring accessibility for students who do not have access to personal computers. Additionally, it incorporates features to function effectively with low and intermittent internet connectivity, such as access to content and efficient data usage. By addressing these specific needs, the project aims to improve the efficiency of distance learning in developing countries, offering a more inclusive and equitable educational experience. Furthermore, this research could serve as a foundation for future work, including the practical implementation of the Versatile Video Coding (VVC) standard in video uploading processes.

Mémoire numérisé par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

Cette thèse étudie les déterminants de l'adoption des services financiers par téléphonie mobile et ses conséquences sur les comportements financiers individuels dans les pays en développement. Elle est composée de trois chapitres/articles auto-référents. Le premier chapitre étudie l'adoption croissante des services financiers par téléphonie mobile dans les pays en développement en distinguant mobile money (utilisation du mobile pour accéder à des services financiers) et mobile banking (services financiers liés à un compte bancaire accessibles par téléphonie mobile) et en confrontant l'Afrique Sub-Saharienne aux autres pays en développement. L'étude montre que le mobile money est plus répandu que le mobile banking dans les pays en développement mais plus encore en Afrique Sub-Saharienne. Les déterminants de son adoption sont liés aux facteurs macroéconomiques, à l'étendue des services financiers et des activités d'intermédiation du secteur bancaire dans chaque pays et surtout de l'ampleur des transferts d'argent des migrants. Le chapitre 2 analyse l'impact de l'adoption du mobile money sur le comportement individuel d'épargne à partir de données d'une enquête de terrain menée au Burkina Faso en 2014. En distinguant l'épargne selon qu'elle est constitué pour des événements prévisibles ou non, les résultats montrent que le mobile money a un impact favorable sur l'épargne lorsqu'elle est destinée à faire face à des événements imprévisibles et plus particulièrement à d'éventuels problèmes de santé. Les résultats plus précis révèlent que ce sont en fait les groupes défavorisés à qui le mobile money permet effectivement de développer cette capacité d'épargne, la sécurité et la possibilité de transferts d'argent dans la sous-région apparaissent comme les principaux facteurs explicatifs. Le chapitre 3 exploite ces données d'enquête en étudiant l'impact de l'adoption du mobile money sur l'utilisation des services financiers traditionnels (formels et informels). L'analyse montre que les utilisateurs du mobile money le privilégient pour effectuer leurs dépôts grâce aux avantages qu'il apporte en termes d'accès, de coût, de liquidité et de confidentialité par rapport aux services financiers traditionnels. Cependant, l'étude révèle que l'utilisation du mobile money renforce l'accès des usagers des services financiers informels et des groupes défavorisés à la fois aux banques et aux caisses d'épargne. / This dissertation investigates determinants of mobile financial technology adoption and its consequences on individual financial behaviors in developing countries. It is structured around three chapters/self-contained papers. The first chapter explores the growing adoption of mobile financial technology in developing countries by distinguishing mobile money (use of a mobile phone to access financial services) from mobile banking (access of banking services using a mobile phone) and setting Sub-Saharan Africa against other developing countries. The results show that mobile money adoption dominates mobile banking in developing countries especially in Sub-Saharan Africa. Determinants of its adoption include macroeconomic factors, outreach of financial services, banking sector intermediation activities and especially remittances. The second chapter analyzes the impact of mobile money adoption on individual saving behavior by using individual-level survey data that we designed and conducted in 2014 in Burkina Faso. By distinguishing saving for predictable events from that for unpredictable events, the findings show that mobile money has a positive impact only on saving for unpredictable events especially saving for health emergencies. Precisely, the results show that disadvantaged groups who use mobile money are likely to save for health emergencies, and that safety and the availability of money transfers within the sub-region appear as factors that may explain the use of mobile money to save for health emergencies. The third chapter exploits the same survey data to analyze the impact of mobile money adoption on the usage of traditional (formal and informal) financial services. The results show that mobile money is preferred for deposits over traditional financial services because of the convenience that it provides in terms of relative access, risk, liquidity and privacy. Interestingly, the results reveal that the use of mobile money brings participants in informal deposit mechanisms and disadvantaged groups toward banks and credit unions.

The emerging techniques of mobile GIS applications, its abilities and its implied limitations ofinternet connections is the main subject in this study. Many of the operations that mobile devicesuse are dependent on mobile internet connectivity. Therefore the potential for it in well connectedareas is great but how would they function in less connected areas? Mobile GIS, which is todaymostly used in devices as smart phones and tablets, has internet connectivity for uploading anddownloading files and other data. Mobile GIS is also dependent on location-based services thatenable the device to get information or take action from the current location of the device. Thisresearch examines the potential usage of mobile GIS in conjunction with the bandwidth of wirelesstechnologies. It is important to study this issue to see if mobile applications can perform upload anddownload tasks within reasonable time in poor mobile coverage. To test the possibilities of mobileGIS in rural areas a test environment is set up in a mobile GIS application for septic tanks. Thetesting is performed by uploading and downloading data with real GIS actions from pre-selectedlocations that have low mobile coverage. The study is comparing the measurements with a scale ofacceptable time for download and upload. The result for registering (uploading) a new point inmobile GIS with three small images is that it requires at least 330 Kbit/s connection to transfer thedata within acceptable time. The results for uploading data without images and downloading giveseven better results and are not as dependent on a good connection for transferring within acceptabletime. The conclusion is that mobile gis applications are able to run within acceptable time measuresin rural areas. The results and other sources were used to make general guidelines for mobile GISapplications for use in rural areas.

This research investigates mobile service design and engineering in the mobile telecommunications industry. The mobile telecommunication business is shifting from one that was voice-centric to one that is almost all data-centric; thanks to recent rapid advances in Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs). The underlying reasons behind this shift can be traced back to two main issues that are interlinked. The first and major reason is that telecoms (telecommunication companies) are trying to generate new revenue streams based on data and information transmissions, given the saturation of the voice market. This is rational given the market opportunities in one direction and the pressures being generated by the current economic downturn from the other direction. The second reason relates to the flexibility of data, compared to voice. Indeed, the number of services that can be developed on the basis of data are much greater than those that can be developed on the basis of voice. However, the design and engineering of successful and innovative mobile data services has proven to be a complex undertaking. The number of effective mobile data services is relatively small and the revenue generated from such offerings has generally been below expectations. This research develops an ontological framework to help in changing this situation, and making mobile services engineering more effective and successful, following the design-science research paradigm. Design-science research, in general, aims to solve unstructured but relevant organizational or social problems through the development of novel and useful artefacts. As the current research aims to help in solving the mobile data services engineering dilemma by developing a purposeful ontological framework, the design-science research paradigm is deemed fitting. Within this paradigm, the author develops a novel design approach specified for ontology engineering, termed “OntoEng”. This design approach is used in this research for developing the ontological framework. The developed ontological framework is founded on business model thinking. The idea is that creating innovative mobile data services requires developing innovative business models. Indeed, innovative business models can help translate technological potential into economic value and allow telecoms to achieve their strategic objectives. The ontological framework includes the development of an ontology, termed “V4 Mobile Service BM Ontology” as well as “Mobile Key Value Drivers” for designing and engineering innovative mobile data services. The V4 Mobile Service BM Ontology incorporates four design dimensions: (1) value proposition including targeting; (2) value architecture including technological and organizational infrastructure; (3) value network dealing with aspects relating to partnerships and co-operations; and finally (4) value finance relating to costs, pricing, and revenue structures. Within these four dimensions, sixteen design concepts are identified along with their constituent elements. Relationships and interdependencies amongst the identified design constructs are established and clear semantics are produced. The research then derives six key value drivers for mobile service engineering as follows: (a) Market Alignment; (b) Cohesion; (c) Dynamicity; (d) Uniqueness; (e) Fitting Network-Mode; and (f) Explicitness. The developed ontological framework in this research is evaluated to ensure that it can be successfully implemented and performs correctly in the real world. The research mainly utilizes case analysis methods to ensure the semantic correctness of the ontological framework. Indeed, the developed ontological framework is employed as an analytical lens to examine the design and engineering of three key real-life cases in the mobile telecommunications industry. These cases are: (1) Apple’s iPhone Services and Applications; (2) NTT DoCoMo’s i-mode Services; and (3) Orange Business Services. For further validation, the developed ontological framework is evaluated against a set of criteria synthesized from ontology engineering and evaluation literature. These criteria are: Clarity; Coherence; Conciseness; Preciseness; Completeness; and Customizability. The developed ontological framework is argued to make significant contributions for theory, practice, and methodology. For theory, this research provides (1) a novel ontological framework for designing and engineering mobile data services; (2) a unified framework of the business model concept; and (3) a new design approach for ontology engineering in information systems. For practice, the current research provides practitioners in the telecommunications industry with systematic and customizable means to design, implement, analyze, evaluate, and change new and existing mobile data services to make them more manageable, effective, and creative. For methodology, the use of the design- science research paradigm for ontology engineering signifies the focal methodological contribution in this research given its novelty. This research also contributes to the understanding of the design-science research paradigm in information systems as it is relatively new. It provides a working example in which the author illustrates how recognizing design-science research as a paradigm is essential and useful to the research in information systems discipline.

Το αντικείμενο της παρούσας διπλωματικής είναι η μελέτη της διαδικασίας ανάπτυξης εφαρμογών για το λειτουργικό σύστημα Android. Το λειτουργικό σύστημα Android αποτελεί μια τεχνολογία η οποία μέρα με την μέρα κερδίζει μεγαλύτερο μερίδιο στην αγορά των έξυπνων τηλεφώνων. Σήμερα, κατέχει την πρώτη θέση με τετρακόσια εκατομμύρια ενεργές συσκευές. Το γεγονός αυτό καθιστά την αγορά των εφαρμογών Android μία πολλά υποσχόμενη περιοχή για ανάπτυξη επιχειρηματικής δραστηριότητας. Η μελέτη ξεκινά με μία γενική επισκόπηση του κόσμου του Android καθώς και των εργαλεί- ων που είναι απαραίτητα για την ανάπτυξη εφαρμογών σε αυτόν. Στην συνέχεια γίνεται μία σύντο- μη ανάλυση της δομής του λειτουργικού συστήματος και τον τμημάτων που το αποτελούν καθώς και μία παρουσίαση των βασικών αρχών σχεδίασης διεπαφών χρήστη. Τέλος παρουσιάζονται μερι- κές βασικές προγραμματιστικές δομές που είναι απαραίτητες για την συγγραφή εφαρμογών και παρουσιάζεται η διαδικασία υποβολής μίας εφαρμογής στην Google προς πώληση. Για την καλύτερη εξοικείωση του αναγνώστη γίνεται παρουσίαση τεσσάρων απλών εφαρμο- γών που χρησιμοποιούν τις προγραμματιστικές δομές που αναλύονται στο κείμενο. Καλωσορίσα- τε στον κόσμο του ANDROID! / -