The questions raised in this study focus on several dimensions of the migration from Coalville. (1) What social characteristics distinguish people who stay from people who migrate? (2) What are the geographical destinations of the migrants? (3) When individuals leave the community, what kind of jobs and industries do they move into? (4) What "channels of communication" assist the process of migration from Coalville.

No description available.

Behavioral patterns prediction in the context of Vehicular Ad hoc Networks (VANETs)has been receiving increasing attention due to enabling on-demand, intelligent traffic analysis and response to real-time traffic issues. One of these patterns, sequential patterns, are a type of behavioral patterns that describe the occurence of events in a timely-ordered fashion. In the context of VANETs, these events are defined as an ordered list of road segments traversed by vehicles during their trips from a starting point to their final intended destination, forming a vehicular path. Due to their predictable nature, undertaken vehicular paths can be exploited to extract the paths that are considered frequent. From the extracted frequent paths through data mining, the probability that a vehicular path will take a certain direction is obtained. However, in order to achieve this, samples of vehicular paths need to be initially collected over periods of time in order to be data-mined accordingly. In this thesis, a new set of formal definitions depicting vehicular paths as sequential patterns is described. Also, five novel communication schemes have been designed and implemented under a simulated environment to collect vehicular paths; such schemes are classified under two categories: Road Side Unit-Triggered (RSU-Triggered) and Vehicle-Triggered. After collection, extracted frequent paths are obtained through data mining, and the probability of these frequent paths is measured. In order to evaluate the e ciency and e ectiveness of the proposed schemes, extensive experimental analysis has been realized. From the results, two of the Vehicle-Triggered schemes, VTB-FP and VTRD-FP, have improved the vehicular path collection operation in terms of communication cost and latency over others. In terms of reliability, the Vehicle-Triggered schemes achieved a higher success rate than the RSU-Triggered scheme. Finally, frequent vehicular movement patterns have been effectively extracted from the collected vehicular paths according to a user-de ned threshold and the confidence of generated movement rules have been measured. From the analysis, it was clear that the user-de ned threshold needs to be set accordingly in order to not discard important vehicular movement patterns.

This thesis explores how gay men make migration decisions through the life course. Recent studies of queer migration fall into two categories: (1) the role of the state and its heteronormative policies (e.g., family reunification-based immigration policy or criminalized homosexuality) and (2) queer migrations within countries, which employ narrative approaches but often presume a linear, usually rural-to-urban trajectory of migration among young queer people fleeing one place and emancipating themselves elsewhere. This study nuances the dynamics of migration decision-making among gay men, adopting a life course approach that examines how historical and social contexts, institutions, and individual circumstances and subjectivities convene to shape migration trajectories. For this research, I use the migration narratives gay men living in two cities—Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, and Washington, D.C., U.S.A.—to capture the dynamics of migration decision-making in two different locational contexts. 48 interviews with Self-identified gay men (24 in each city) ground this study. Respondents were asked about their reasons for migrating, the community, home, and family environments in sending and receiving places, changes in aspects of health, well-being, and relationships before and after migrating, and aspects of everyday life after moving to Ottawa or Washington, D.C. The focus on two capital cities was adopted not only to examine places that draw internal migrants from a variety of places, but also to elaborate on the dynamics of gay life in two mid-sized cities overlooked in sexuality and space literature, and on the ways in which the institutions of these two “government towns” have simultaneously attracted and regulated gay men and other sexual minorities. I advance several findings in this study. First, coming-out migrations are both much less linear than traditionally conceived and are influenced more by the internal social dynamics of places than flat characterizations of places as homophobic or backward. Second, the dynamics of the places that gay men leave and come to are often quite literally embodied in terms of health and well-being. Third, the government town is a paradoxical place that has been queered by the emergence of gay rights-seeking and advocacy regimes, yet continues to regulate gay men’s lives in diffuse ways. / Thesis (Ph.D, Geography) -- Queen's University, 2012-03-08 12:30:30.014

The focus of this work is to synthesize and immobilize novel rigid tetraphosphine linkers via the formation of phosphonium groups and by direct adsorption of tetraphosphine salts on oxide surfaces. These methods offer the possibility to study the mechanism of the phosphonium formation in more detail by utilizing solid-state NMR spectroscopy. It has also been a point of interest to study the linkers and catalysts under realistic conditions, in the presence of solvents. Therefore, HRMAS (high-resolution magic angle spinning) NMR spectra of several phosphonium salts, adsorbed on SiO2, have been studied. This technique allows one to probe the leaching and mobility of the linkers on the surface. The mobilities of the linkers and the catalysts are crucial factors for the performance and design of the immobilized catalysts. Finally, since the exact mode of binding to the surface is unknown and is being discussed in the literature, for example, as hydrogen bonding between the F atoms in BF4- and surface silanol protons, the influence of the counteranion on the binding of phosphonium salts on silica surfaces is of utmost interest. For surface mobility studies a monolayer of phosphonium salts on the silica surface, both without solvent and in the presence of solvent, has been studied via 31P and 2H CP/MAS and HRMAS. Our findings show that the integrity of the tetraphosphine scaffold linkers is based upon how it is immobilized. The best system is formed when the phosphine is immobilized on the SiO2 support by adding Cl(CH2)3Si(OEt)3 to the reaction mixture. In this way, phosphonium salts are obtained, which are bound to the surface irreversibly by electrostatic interactions, as proven by solid-state NMR. In addition, leaching and mobility studies prove that the solvents play a crucial role, and the more polar solvents, such as DMSO, lead to the most extensive leaching due to the solvents' strong adsorption on the SiO2 surface. Leaching studies also show that the counteranion has an influence on the binding of the phosphoniumn salts on the SiO2 surface. The leaching proceeds in the following manner: BF4- > I- > Br- > Cl-. This is an indication that there is an additional interaction between the anion and, most probably, the surface silanol protons.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Hawaii at Manoa, 1986. / Bibliography: leaves 220-224. / Photocopy. / Microfiche. / xv, 224 leaves, bound 29 cm

付記する学位プログラム名: 京都大学卓越大学院プログラム「先端光・電子デバイス創成学」 / 京都大学 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(工学) / 甲第23905号 / 工博第4992号 / 新制||工||1779(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院工学研究科電子工学専攻 / (主査)教授 木本 恒暢, 教授 白石 誠司, 准教授 小林 圭 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Philosophy (Engineering) / Kyoto University / DFAM

Chlamydia is a clinically significant organism that exhibits a unique stage-specific developmental cycle, involving the interconversion between two metabolically distinct forms. The completion of eight chlamydial genome sequences identified three different RNA polymerase sigma factor (ó) genes. Temporal gene expression analysis has predicted that each ó may play an integral role in controlling the development cycle. This thesis examines the role of the chlamydial alternate sigma factor, ó54 (rpoN) and the potential mechanism for the control the developmental cycle and disease pathogenesis. To achieve this, we searched the genome for putative ó54 promoters, validated the findings by DNA-binding assays, and examined the roles of the genes predicted to be regulated by ó54. This study applied a bioinformatics approach to search for additional ó54 regulated genes in C. trachomatis L2. A reduced consensus sequence (TGGCACnnnnnTTGC) identified two previously published ó54 promoter sequences upstream of CT652.1 and CT683. A modified consensus sequence (TGG-N9-TGC) was applied to the C. trachomatis D genome in Findpatterns yielded 512 potential targets of which 20 by virtue of sequence orientation and distance upstream of the predicted ORF start codon Primer extension analysis of total RNA isolated at 24 hours post-infection mapped the 5' RNA end upstream for acpS (CT100), yhf0_1 (CT258), SAM (CT404), lpxA (CT531), hypothetical proteins CT652.1 and CT683, and htrA (CT823) to the predicted ó54 promoters. Three candidates (CT291, CT404, and CT847) were mapped to putative ó70-like ó66 promoters. No transcript start sites were detected for the remaining ó54 promoter candidates. Two transcripts were detected from predicted ó66 and ó54 tandem promoters upstream of CT404. Primer extension analysis of the CT404 transcripts from RNA isolated at 4, 8, 12, 24 and 32 hours post-infection showed a decrease between 12 hours and 24 hours post-infection in transcripts thought to be generated from the predicted ó66 promoter. Transcripts from the predicted ó54 promoter were identified throughout development. Temporal gene expression profiles of the candidate genes with predicted ó54 promoters (CT652.1, CT683, CT100, CT258, CT531 and CT823) were resolved throughout the C. trachomatis L2 developmental cycle using real-time PCR. Transcripts for CT608 and CT609 were detected early in the cycle, while strong transcript levels were detected for CT258, CT531 and CT823 after the appearance of CT609 (rpoN). Low levels of CT652.1 and CT683 were measured, in the mid to late phase of the cycle, and transcripts for CT100 appeared at lower levels during the middle phase of the cycle. The functional assay of the predicted ó54 promoters required the generation of recombinant C. trachomatis L2 ó54 (rRpoN). The C. trachomatis rpoN was cloned into a bacterial expression system (pQE70) and the recombinant proteins purified for subsequent DNA mobility shift assays. Expression of rRpoN was hampered by low copy numbers, and unusual physical characteristics. DNA binding and mobility shift assays using rRpoN extracts against the chlamydial CT652.1 ó54 promoter, plus two characterised E. coli ó54 promoters (hypA and hycA), were successful if E. coli core RNA polymerase was added to the assay. All 20 candidates with predicted ó54 promoters were analysed with EMSA using rRpoN extract. The promoters upstream of CT100, CT223, CT258, CT322, CT652.1 and CT683 showed affinity towards the recombinant rRpoN-E. coli core RNA polymerase holoenzyme complex. Searches for potential chlamydial ó54 transcription initiation activators were made using the Multiple Em for Motif Elucidation (MEME) software, looking to identify the DNA binding motifs. The upstream promoter regions of CT100, CT223, CT258, CT322, CT531, CT652.1, CT683 and CT823 in C. trachomatis L2 and orthologs found in other species of Chlamydia were analysed. The software identified a near palindromic sequence upstream of CT100 orthologs in C. trachomatis D and C. trachomatis MoPn (CAACCCAAC and CACCACAAC) where as a CT531- and CT823-specific motif was also discovered (CCGTTGTAGAATCTC). It is beginning to emerge that ó54 may regulate the expression of proteins required for the formation of the cell wall. Since the expression of the ó54 transcript, rpoN, coincides with the morphological change from the non-infectious RB to the infectious EB, predictions could be made concerning which genes are potentially regulated by ó54.

The convergence of transport, communication, computing and positioning technologies has enabled a smart car revolution. As a result, pricing of roads based on telematics technologies has gained significant attention. While there are promised benefits, systematic disclosure of precise location has the ability to impinge on privacy of a special kind, known as location privacy. The aim of this thesis is to provide technical designs that enhance the location privacy of motorists without compromising the benefits of accurate pricing. However, this research looks beyond a solely technology-based solution, For example, the ethical implications of the use of GPS data in pricing models have not been fully understood. Likewise. minimal research exists to evaluate the technical vulnerabilities that could be exploited to avoid criminal or financial penalties. To design a privacy-aware system, it is important to understand the needs of the stakeholders, most importantly the motorists. Knowledge about the anticipated privacy preferences of motorists is important in order to make reasonable predictions about their future willingness to adopt these systems. There is limited research so far Otl user perceptions regarding specific payment options in the uptake of privacy-aware systems. This thesis provides a critical privacy assessment of two mobility pricing systems, namely electronic tolls and mobility-priced insurance. As a result of this assessment. policy recommendations arc developed which could support a common approach in facilitating privacy-aware mobility-pricing strategies. This thesis also evaluates the existing and potential inferential threats and vulnerabilities to develop security and privacy recommendations for privacy-aware pricing designs for tolls and insurance. Utilising these policy recommendations and analysing user-perception with regards to the feasibility of sustaining privacy and willingness to pay for privacy, two privacy-aware mobility pricing designs have been presented which bridge the entire array of privacy interests and bring them together into a unified approach capable of sustaining legal protection as well as satisfying privacy requirements of motorists. It is maintained that it is only by social and technical analysis working in tandem that critical privacy issues in relation to location can be addressed.

Due to terminal mobility and change of service area, efficient IP mobility support is an important aspect in UMTS networks in order to provide mobile users negligible packet loss rate and low handover latency, and thus some level of guaranteed quality-ofservice (QoS) to support real-time applications. 3G/UMTS has been specified and implemented as an end-to-end mobile communications system. The underlying WCDMA access systems manage radio access handover (layer 1) and provide linklayer mobility (layer 2) in terms of connection setup and resource management. For the UMTS nodes to have seamless connectivity with the Internet, the UMTS core networks need to be able to support continuous and no network service session handover (layer 3 and above). A long IP handover latency results in high packet loss rate and severely degrades its end-to-end transport level performance. Network-layer handover latency has therefore been regarded as one of the fundamental limitations in IP-based UMTS networks. Therefore, it is crucial to provide efficient network-layer mobility management in UMTS/WCDMA networks for seamless end-to-end TCP connection with the global Internet. Mobility of UMTS nodes necessitates extra functionalities such as user location tracking, address registration and handover related mechanisms. The challenge to provide seamless mobility in UMTS requires localised location management and efficient IP handover management. Mobile IPv6 protocol offers a better mobility support as the extended IPv6 features with mobility mechanism are integrated to the mobile nodes. To mitigate the effect of lengthy IP handover latency, two well-known handover reducing mechanisms based on Mobile IPv6 support have been proposed in the literature. They are designed with hierarchical network management and address pre-configuration mechanism. Hierarchical management aims to reduce the network registration time, and fast-handover attempts to minimise the address resolution delay. S-MIP (Seamless Mobile IP) integrates the key benefits of the above IP mobility mechanisms coupled with local retransmission scheme to achieve packet lossless and extremely low handover latency, operating in WLAN environments. In this thesis, we explore the possible Mobile IP solutions and various IP handover optimisation schemes in IPv6 to provide seamless mobility in UMTS with the global Internet. It aims at developing an optimised handover scheme that encompasses the packet lossless and extremely low handover latency scheme in S-MIP, and applying it into the UMTS/WCDMA packet data domain. Therefore, the hybrid UMTS-SMIP architecture is able to meet the requirements of delay sensitive real-time applications requiring strict delay bound, packet lossless and low handover latency performance for end-to-end TCP connection during a UMTS IP-based handover. The overall seamless handover architecture in UMTS facilitates integrated, scalable and flexible global IP handover solution enabling new services, assuring service quality and meeting the user???s expectations in future all-IP UMTS deployment. The viability of the seamless mobility scheme in UMTS is reflected through and validated in our design model, network protocol implementation, and service architecture. We illustrate the performance gained in QoS parameters, as a result of converged UMTS-SMIP framework compared to other Mobile IPv6 variants. The simulation results show such a viable and promising seamless handover scheme in UMTS on IP handover latency reduction on its end-to-end TCP connection.