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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
421

Otimização de filtros modais espaciais usando redes de sensores aplicados ao controle de vibrações de estruturas do tipo viga e placa / Optimization of spatial modal filters composed of sensor networks applied to the structural vibration control of a cantilever beam ans a clamped plate

Augusto Hirao Shigueoka 08 July 2015 (has links)
Ao empregar a teoria de controle para a dinâmica de uma estrutura, é possível projetar um observador potencialmente complexo que a partir da leitura de apenas um sensor estime o estado do sistema e determine os modos de vibração presentes. Este trabalho, no entanto, estuda o uso de filtros modais em controle de vibrações, com a motivação de que essa estratégia dependa de menos componentes eletrônicos. O objetivo é encontrar um filtro modal que possua alto desempenho em malha fechada mesmo com um número reduzido de sensores. Primeiramente foi desenvolvido o modelo dinâmico do sistema em malha aberta, com posterior otimização do filtro modal por meio do método do ponto interior. Depois, foi desenvolvido o modelo dinâmico do sistema em malha fechada. A seguir, um algoritmo genético otimizou o sistema de controle de vibrações seguindo duas metodologias. A primeira considera apenas as posições dos sensores como variáveis de otimização, enquanto a segunda leva em consideração não só as posições dos sensores como também os ganhos do filtro modal e o ganho de retroalimentação de velocidade. Os resultados do estudo do sistema em malha aberta mostram que se trata se um problema de otimização não-convexa, mas todas as tentativas levaram a crer que o mínimo global tenha sido encontrado para a função objetivo proposta, baseada no desvio quadrático da função de resposta em frequência do filtro modal com relação a uma referência pré-estabelecida. Os resultados do estudo do sistema em malha fechada mostram que considerar as posições e os ganhos como variáveis de otimização levam a um filtro modal mais conveniente do que o que é obtido levando-se em consideração apenas as posições. Finalmente, a partir da interpretação dos resultados, conclui-se que mesmo com um filtro modal composto por 5 sensores é possível ainda desenvolver um sistema de controle de vibrações que seja de fase mínima. Apesar de existir spillover de observação do ponto de vista de um filtro modal, nota-se que todos os modos estão em fase, o que acaba por ser até benéfico para o sistema de controle de vibrações. / The control systems theory may be applied to structural dynamics in order to design a potentially complex observer which is able to estimate the system\'s state from the readings of a sole sensor. This work, though, focused on the application of modal filters in vibration control based on the premise that this strategy will require a simpler hardware. The main target consists of finding a modal filter which can deliver high performance in vibration control despite being composed of a reduced number of sensors. In the first step, a dynamic model of a modal filter on a cantilever beam was developed, followed by an optimization carried on with the interior-point method. Then, the dynamic model of the closed-loop cantilever beam was developed aftwerwards. However, this time a genetic algorithm was used as the optimization method instead, with two methodologies being employed. While the first one considered only the placement of the sensors, the second one also takes into consideration the modal filter gains and the negative velocity feedback gain. The results yielded by the open-loop cantilever beam analysis showed that it is a non-convex optimization problem. However, all of the attempts support the belief that the global minimum has been found in the sense of the proposed objective function, which was based on the quadratic error between the frequency response function (FRF) of the modal filter and an idealized FRF used as reference. The results yielded by the closed-loop system optimization showed that it is more convenient to consider as optimization variables not only the placement of the sensors, but also their gains and the negative velocity feedback gain. Finally, after pondering over the obtained results, it has been concluded that the observation spillover resulting from a modal filter composed of a reduced number of sensors may be turned to the vibration control system\'s favour by means of optimization. The minimal-phase modal filter composed of 5 sensors found in this work stands out as the most notable example in this work, being able to guarantee stability for the first 12 modes since all of them are in-phase.
422

Efeito dos modos espúrios na análise modal e em esquemas de propagação de feixes na modelagem de guias de onda por elementos finitos / The impact of spurious modes in the modal analysis and bpm schemes for the fem modeling of optical waveguides

Oliveira, Luciano Prado de 22 August 2018 (has links)
Orientador: Hugo Enrique Hernandez Figueroa / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Elétrica e de Computação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-22T14:24:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Oliveira_LucianoPradode_D.pdf: 36412783 bytes, checksum: 0d0ea68334e1df0ae3e61e59014f3f68 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Resumo: Este trabalho apresenta um estudo dos efeitos dos modos espúrios na análise modal e em esquemas de propagação de feixes na modelagem de guias de onda por elementos finitos mistos. A presença dos modos espúrios no espectro das matrizes de elementos finitos é investigada e discutida a partir de uma formulação alternativa para a análise modal em guias de onda bidimensionais, onde a condição de divergente nulo é imposta inicialmente na equação vetorial de onda. Um novo esquema de propagação de feixes é proposto substituindo a componente longitudinal da equação vetorial de onda pela equação de Gauss e uma análise do efeito dos modos espúrios sobre os esquemas de propagação de feixes é realizada. Testes computacionais de convergência e estabilidade dos novos esquemas de propagação de feixes, assim como dos esquemas convencionais, são apresentados / Abstract: This work shows a study of the effects of spurious modes in the modal analysis and in beam propagation schemes based on finite element mixed for modeling bidimensional waveguides structures. The presence of spurious modes in the spectrum of the finite element matrices is investigated and discussed from an alternative formulation for modal analysis of two-dimensional waveguides, where the divergence-free condition is imposed on the vector wave equation. A new beam propagation scheme is proposed by replacing the longitudinal component of the vectorial wave equation with Gauss equation, and analysis of the effect of spurious modes on beam propagations schemes is performed. Computational convergence and stability tests for the new beam propagations schemes as well as the conventional schemes are presented / Doutorado / Telecomunicações e Telemática / Doutor em Engenharia Elétrica
423

Commande modale de robots parallèles à câbles flexibles / Modal control of flexible cable-driven parallel robots

Weber, Xavier 11 July 2016 (has links)
Les Robots Parallèles à Câbles sont des robots possédant un effecteur relié à une base uniquement à l’aide de câbles, dont il est possible de modifier la longueur. Ils sont ainsi légers, capables de grandes dynamiques et peuvent présenter un énorme espace de travail.Mais ils sont sujets à des vibrations de grande amplitude et basse fréquence à cause de leur rigidité très faible. Cette thèse propose une approche originale d'amortissement actif pour atténuer efficacement ces vibrations. Le modèle dynamique du robot à câbles embarquant des roues à inertie est calculé, linéarisé autour d'un point d'équilibre et projeté dans l'espace modal dans lequel les vibrations sont découplées. Une commande par placement de pôles adapté à la fréquence naturelle de vibrations est appliquée pour chaque mode. Les résultats sur une simulation et deux prototypes sont présentés pour valider cette approche. / Cable-driven parallel robots use cables only to connect a fixed base to a mobile end-effector. Robot motion is obtained by winding the cables around pulleys to alter their length. Thus, cable-driven parallel robots are lightweight, can achieve very high dynamics and exhibit a very large workspace.Therefore, they are subject tp high magnitude and low frequency vibrations, because of their very low end-effector stiffness.This thesis proposes a novel approach for effective active damping of those vibrations.The dynamical model of a cable-driven parallel robot embedding reaction wheels is derived, lineraized around an equilibrium point and projected onto modal space, in which vibrations are decoupled.For each vibration mode, a control algorithm designed by poles placement adapted to the associated vibration natural frequency is applied for active vibration damping.Experiments conducted on a realistic simulation and two prototypes are presented to validate this approach.
424

Vyjádření epistémické modality ve francouzštině / The expression of epistemic modality in French

Jochcová, Magdaléna January 2015 (has links)
This thesis deals with the analysis of the epistemic modality of selected French adverbs in -ment. After a theoretical introduction of basic terms and characterizations of the epistemic modality and the principal means of its expression, it focuses on the very epistemic adverbs. At first, for the purpose of the following research, we specify the syntactically and semantically homogenous group of epistemic adverbs in -ment, defining it by dictionaries and constituent works. Afterwards, this group is analyzed quantitatively - on the French corpora Frantext, L'Est républicain and frWac - as well as qualitatively - on the parallel corpus InterCorp - with an emphasis on the post-verbal position of the adverb in the sentence, on the certainty degree and the Czech translation equivalents. The final part of the study is constituted by a reversed analysis of acquired Czech equivalents. Key words: French, epistemic modality, modal specificators, modal adverb, corpus linguistics.
425

Detecção de falhas em estruturas complexas usando sintese modal dos componentes e vetores de Ritz / Damage detection in complex structures using Component Mode Synthesis and Ritz vectors

Ferraz, Fabio Guilherme 12 July 2001 (has links)
Orientador: Jose Maria Campos dos Santos / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecanica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-31T20:57:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ferraz_FabioGuilherme_M.pdf: 9315977 bytes, checksum: 2c619b06df862551ab474095f22421cc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2001 / Resumo: Este trabalho explora o uso de métodos de Síntese Modal dos Componentes (SMC), a Teoria da Perturbação por Mínimo Rank (MRPT) e o Algoritmo de Realização de vetores de Ritz (RRA) como uma ferramenta para a detecção de danos estruturais. A SMC consiste em modelar separadamente componentes individuais de uma estrutura e então acoplá-Ios num sistema único. Os métodos de SMC podem ser generalizados para se permitir o uso de outros vetores, tais como os vetores de Ritz em substituição aos modos normais. Os vetores de Ritz são obtidos a partir de relações de recorrência, e representam uma ótima base de vetores como alternativa aos modos naturais de vibrar dos componentes. O MRPT é um método de detecção de danos baseado em modelo, que usa o fato de que um dano discreto pode ser manifestado num modelo de elementos finitos (MEF) como uma pequena perturbação no rank das matrizes que compõe as propriedades da estrutura. O RRA converte as matrizes em tempo discreto identificadas pelo algoritmo ERA para o tempo contínuo, a partir das quais pode-se extrair os vetores de Ritz experimentais usados para se complementar a matriz de forças dinâmicas residuais na formulação do MRPT. Através do modelo sem danos sintetizado, e do modelo medido com danos, o MRPT com RRA é usado para se detectar a localização do dano e sua extensão, ou no mínimo o componente que contém o dano. Diferentes considerações de modelagem subestruturada são exploradas na detecção de danos usando exemplos numéricos. Em particular um MEF de vigas da estação espacial internacional é implementado e os efeitos de danos localizados em diferentes componentes são investigados / Abstract: This work explores the use of Component Mode Synthesis methods (CMS), Minimum Rank Perturbation Theory (MRPT), and Ritz Realization AIgorithm (RRA) as a structural damage detection tooI. The CMS consists in to modeling individual components of a structure separately and then to couple them to form an assembled system. CMS methods can be generalized to allow the use of other vectors, like Ritz vectors, rather than normal modes. The Ritz vectors are obtained from recurrence relations, and represent a suitable basis vectors as an alternative to component vibration modes. MRPT is a model-based damage detection method, which utilizes the fact that discrete damage is manifested in a structural finite element model (FEM) as a low rank perturbation to the structural property matrices. RRA converts the discrete time system matrices identified by Eigensystem Realization AIgorithm (ERA) to continuous time system matrices, from which one can extract the experimental Ritz vectors used to complement the matrix of dynamic residual forces in the MRPT formulation. With the coupled healthy model and the measured damaged model, the MRPT with RRA is used to detect the damage location and his extent, or at least the component that contains the damage. Different substructure modeling assumptions on damage detectability are explored using numerical examples. In particular a beam FEM of the international space station structure is implemented and the effects of different localized component damages are investigated. / Mestrado / Mecanica dos Sólidos e Projeto Mecanico / Mestre em Engenharia Mecânica
426

Detecção de dano em estruturas utilizando identificação modal estocástica e um algoritmo de otimização

Zeni, Gustavo January 2018 (has links)
Detecção de dano em estruturas de engenharia de grandes dimensões através da análise de suas características dinâmicas envolve diversos campos de estudo. O primeiro deles trata da identificação dos parâmetros modais da estrutura, uma vez que executar testes de vibração livre em tais estruturas não é uma tarefa simples, necessita-se de um método robusto que seja capaz de identificar os parâmetros modais dessa estrutura a ações ambientais, campo esse chamado de análise modal operacional. Este trabalho trata do problema de detecção de dano em estruturas que possam ser representadas através de modelos em pórticos planos e vigas e que estejam submetidos à ação de vibrações ambientais. A localização do dano é determinada através de um algoritmo de otimização conhecido como Backtracking Search Algorithm (BSA) fazendo uso de uma função objetivo que utiliza as frequências naturais e modos de vibração identificados da estrutura. Simulações e testes são feitos a fim de verificar a concordância da metodologia para ambos os casos. Para as simulações, são utilizados casos mais gerais de carregamentos dinâmicos, e dois níveis de ruído (3% e 5%) são adicionados ao sinal de respostas para que esses ensaios se assemelhem aos ensaios experimentais, onde o ruído é inerente do processo. Já nos ensaios experimentais, apenas testes de vibração livre são executados. Diversos cenários de dano são propostos para as estruturas analisadas a fim de se verificar a robustez da rotina de detecção de dano. Os resultados mostram que a etapa de identificação modal estocástica através do método de identificação estocástica de subespaço (SSI) teve ótimos resultados, possibilitando, assim, a localização da região danificada da estrutura em todos os casos analisados. / Damage detection in large dimensions engineering structures through the analysis of their dynamic characteristics involves several fields. The first one deals with the structure modal identification parameter, since running free vibration tests in such structures is not a simple task, robust methods are needed in order to identify the modal parameters of this structure under ambient vibrations, this field is known as operational modal analysis. This work deals with the problem of damage detection in structures under ambient vibrations that can be represented by FEM using frame and beam elements. The damage location is determined through an optimization algorithm know as Backtracking Search Algorithm (BSA). It uses as objective function the identified natural frequencies and modes of vibration of the structure. Numerical and experimental tests are performed to assess the agreement of the methodology for both cases. For the numerical tests, more general cases of dynamic loads are used, and two noise levels (3% and 5%) are added to the response signal to assessing the robustness of the methodology close to the field conditions, in which noise is inherent of the process. In the experimental tests, only free vibration tests are performed. Several damage scenarios are proposed for the analyzed structures to check the robustness of the damage detection routine. The results show that the stochastic modal identification using the stochastic subspace identification (SSI) method had excellent results, thus allowing the location of the damaged region of the structure in all analyzed cases.
427

Analýza typů buzení pro provádění provozní modální analýzy obráběcích strojů / Analyse der Anregungsarten zur Durchführung der Operational Modal Analysis an Werkzeugmachinen

Kratochvílová, Silvie January 2017 (has links)
The aim of this work is to determine the influence of noise on determination of own frequen-cies for machine tool by operational modal analysis. For the assigned machine tool operation-al analysis is performed using Data-Driven and Covariance-Driven method for multiple exci-tation variants. Based on the results are created stabilization diagrams used to determine ma-chine tool own frequencies. The results for each excitation variant are compared to each oth-er and the effect of noise influence on the results is determined.
428

Porovnání modálních vlastností oběžných kol parní turbíny s různými délkami lopatek / Comparison of modal properties of steam turbine impeller with blades of different lengths

Havlásek, Michal January 2015 (has links)
The presented master's thesis deals with the safety assessment of several variants of the impeller with different blades length. The motivation for creating this thesis is to find the solution of the problem situation which is characterized by the breakdown of the steam turbine impeller with blades length of 30mm. As confirmed in this thesis, the impeller with blades length of 30mm is operated in the resonance. Likewise, according to the technical standard ČSN EN ISO 10437 its operation is not safe. As the correction action for the problem situation solving is proposed the prolongation of the impeller's blades. The safety is detected for six variants of impeller with dierent blades length. For each variant, there is executed a modal analysis and its results are drawn up into the Campbell diagram. On the basis of this diagram, the safety of individual components is evaluated. The last part of the masters thesis concerns with the examination of the influence of blades length on the modal properties of the impeller.
429

Advanced Modal Logic

Zakharyaschev, Michael, Wolter, Frank, Chagrov, Alexander 12 October 2018 (has links)
This chapter is a continuation of the preceding one, and we begin it at the place where the authors of Basic Modal Logic left us about fifteen years ago. Concluding his historical overview, Krister Segerberg wrote: “Where we stand today is difficult to say. Is the picture beginning to break up, or is it just the contemporary observer’s perennial problem of putting his own time into perspective?” So, where did modal logic of the 1970s stand? Where does it stand now? Modal logicians working in philosophy, computer science, artificial intelligence, linguistics or some other fields would probably give different answers to these questions. Our interpretation of the history of modal logic and view on its future is based upon understanding it as part of mathematical logic.
430

Vibration Modal Analysis of a Deployable Boom Integrated to a CubeSat / Modalanalys av en utfällbar bom på en kubisk satellit

Shepenkov, Valeriy January 2013 (has links)
CubeSat or Cubic Satellite is an effective method to study the space aroundthe Earth thanks to its low cost, easy maintenance and short lead time. However, a great challenge of small satellites lies in achieving technicaland scientific requirements during the design stage. In the present workprimary focus is given to dynamic characterization of the deployable tapespringboom in order to verify and study the boom deployment dynamiceffects on the satellite. The deployed boom dynamic characteristics werestudied through simulations and experimental testing. The gravity offloadingsystem was used to simulate weightlessness environment in theexperimental testing and simulations showed that the deployment of thesystem influence the results in a different way depending on the vibrationmode shape. / En CubeSat eller kubisk satellit är effektivt för att studera rymden runtjorden på grund av dess låga kostnad, enkla underhåll och korta ledtid. Enstor utmaningen i utformningen av små satelliter är att uppnå de tekniskaoch vetenskapliga kraven. Detta arbete har analyserat de dynamiska egenskapernahos en utfällbar band-fjäder bom i syfte att verifera och för attstudera bommens utfällningsdynamiska effekter på satellitens bana och attityd.Den utfällda bommens dynamiska egenskaper har studerats genomsimuleringar och experimentella tester. Ett tyngdkraftskompenserande systemhar använts för att simulera tyngdlöshet i de experimentella testernaoch simuleringar visar att utformningen av detta system påverkar resultatenolika beroende på svängingsmodens form.

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