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<p>Driven by various benefits, such as authenticity, enjoyment, sustainability, socialization, and uniqueness, peer-to-peer (P2P) accommodation has become an increasingly important socio-economic phenomenon. To study this emerging hospitality consumption format systematically and to enhance the understanding of consumers’ motivations, perceptions, and behavioral intentions in the P2P accommodation context, three projects were proposed and completed in this dissertation. These focused on the mechanisms underlying consumers’ perceptions and participation in the world of P2P accommodation. Project I provided a comprehensive overview of how diverse motivators can influence consumers’ satisfaction and loyalty toward P2P accommodation services, following the push and pull theoretical framework. By conducting a meta analysis, Project I revealed that improving push motivators (i.e., psychological and intrinsic motivators) is more important than pull motivators (i.e., cognitive and extrinsic motivators) in enhancing consumers’ satisfaction, re-patronage intentions, and the spreading of positive word-of-mouth interactions. Next, by employing the dual-process theory, Project II comprised a series of three studies to investigate how various types of online reviews (i.e., fact-based versus emotion-based; property-focused versus host-focused) can affect consumers’ consumption decisions pertaining to P2P accommodation. The findings revealed that fact-based reviews result in higher booking intentions due to enhanced trust in the P2P property/host. Moreover, it was found that female consumers exhibit higher booking intentions when they read host-focused reviews. Finally, drawing on the norm activation theory, Project III comprised an investigation into how consumers’ altruistic value versus egoistic value orientations impacted their consumption intentions of sustainable P2P accommodation. Furthermore, by employing both survey and experimental design studies, the underlying mechanism explaining the impacts of various consumption value orientations on behavioral intentions was explored, focusing on booking intentions and willingness-to-pay-more for sustainable green P2P accommodation. Bringing these findings together, this dissertation provides theoretical and practical implications from various perspectives with regard to how consumers’ motivators and perceptions lead to their participation in the P2P accommodation world.</p>

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There is a well-documented bidirectional relationship between pain and cognitive dysfunction, especially working memory. Despite this extensive body of research, the pain–working memory relationship is poorly understood. Pain catastrophizing – exaggerated negative cognitive and emotional responses towards pain – may contribute to working memory deficits by occupying finite, shared cognitive resources, but this has yet to be investigated. The present study sought to clarify the role of pain catastrophizing (assessed as both a trait-level disposition and state-level process) in working memory dysfunction. Healthy undergraduate participants were randomized to an ischemic pain or control task, during which they completed verbal and non-verbal working memory tests. They also completed measures of state- and trait-level pain catastrophizing. Mediation analyses indicated that state-level pain catastrophizing mediated the relationships of pain group to both verbal and non-verbal working memory, such that participants in the pain group (vs. the control group) catastrophized more about their pain, which then resulted in worse verbal and non-verbal working memory performance. In moderated mediation analyses, trait-level pain catastrophizing moderated this mediation effect for both verbal and non-verbal working memory. Those participants in the pain group who reported greater tendency to catastrophize about pain in general exhibited greater catastrophizing in-the-moment during the pain task, thereby leading to worse verbal and non-verbal working memory performance. These results provide evidence for pain catastrophizing as a putative mechanism and moderating factor of working memory dysfunction in pain. Future research should replicate these results in chronic pain samples, investigate other potential mechanisms (e.g., sleep), and develop interventions to ameliorate cognitive dysfunction by targeting pain catastrophizing.

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Les conséquences du leadership destructeur ont largement été documentées et étudiées; les impacts sur les subordonnés sont vastes et représentent un coût très important pour les organisations. Il en est de même pour le gestionnaire émetteur de ces comportements. Pourtant, on connaît actuellement un débalancement au sein de la littérature quant aux études recensant les conséquences versus les antécédents du leadership destructeur, alors qu’une meilleure compréhension des antécédents nous permettrait de pouvoir prévenir ces comportements. De plus, peu d’études se sont intéressées au vécu du gestionnaire lui-même et son contexte tel qu’il le perçoit ainsi qu’à la relation entre sa santé psychologique, plus précisément l’épuisement professionnel et ses comportements de leadership. Cette thèse cherche à fournir des éléments de réponses à ces lacunes à travers deux objectifs. Le premier objectif de cette thèse est de mieux comprendre comment un gestionnaire en vient à émettre ce type de comportements, entre autres à mieux comprendre la relation entre la perception qu’il a de son contexte de travail, son niveau d’épuisement professionnel et la fréquence à laquelle il émet des comportements de leadership destructeur en utilisant un modèle de médiation. Le second objectif est l’étude des ressources personnelles du gestionnaire et comment celles-ci peuvent faire une différence quant au niveau d’épuisement du gestionnaire. L’innovation de cette thèse réside dans son modèle intégrateur permettant de mieux comprendre la relation entre ces différentes variables et leur impact respectif sur le leadership. Pour ce faire, plus de 500 gestionnaires ont été interrogés sur leur contexte de travail, leur épuisement professionnel et leurs comportements de leadership. Des analyses de médiation modérée à l’aide du logiciel statistique « JASP » ont été réalisées. Les résultats indiquent un effet de médiation de l’épuisement professionnel entre les demandes psychologiques et le leadership destructeur, mais uniquement pour le leadership passif-évitant ainsi qu’un effet de modération des ressources personnelles. Plus particulièrement, les habiletés politiques modèreraient la relation entre les demandes psychologiques et l’épuisement professionnel, dans ce sens où plus un gestionnaire perçoit une charge de travail élevée, plus il aurait recours à ses habiletés politiques et pourrait vivre un épuisement professionnel supérieur à celui des personnes ayant peu d’habiletés politiques. Les principaux constats de cette étude doctorale sont discutés dans les prochaines pages et ce, à la lumière de l’état actuel des connaissances. Les contributions, les limites ainsi que les pistes de recherches futures qui en découlent sont également présentées. / The consequences of destructive leadership have been widely documented and studied. The impact on subordinates is vast and represents a very significant cost to organizations, as well as for the managers exhibiting such behaviors. However, the literature is currently missing key elements in terms of studies that observe the consequences of those behaviors versus their antecedents. If we are to prevent destructive behaviors, a better understanding of the antecedents is needed. Furthermore, few studies have focused on managers’ experiences and the contexts in which they perceive those experiences, or the links between managers’ psychological health—or more specifically, their exhaustion at work—and their leadership behaviors. This thesis aims to address these gaps in the literature through two objectives. The first objective is to gain a better understanding of how managers come to engage in destructive behaviors, including an analysis of the relationship between their perception of their work context, their level of burnout and the frequency with which they exhibit destructive leadership behaviors. The second objective is to study managers’ personal resources and their possible impacts on the level of burnout experienced. The innovation of this thesis lies in its integrative model which permits a better understanding of the relationship between these variables as well as their respective impacts on leadership. To this end, over 500 managers were interviewed about their work context, burnout and leadership behaviors. Moderated mediation analyses were performed using JASP statistical software. The results reveal that burnout has a mediating effect on the relationship between psychological demands and destructive leadership, but only in the case of passive-avoidant leadership, and that burnout has a moderating effect on personal resources. More specifically, political skills moderate the relationship between psychological demands and burnout, in that the higher a manager perceives their workload to be, the more they resort to their political skills, and they may experience greater burnout than those with lesser political skills. The main findings of this doctoral study are discussed in the following pages in the light of the current state of knowledge. Contributions, limitations and possible avenues for future research are also presented.