This dissertation considers the influence that sixteenth- and early seventeenth-century mathematical thinking exerted on popular drama in the final sixteen years of Elizabeth I’s reign. It concentrates upon six plays by five dramatists, and attempts to analyse how the terms, concepts, and implications of contemporary mathematics impacted upon their vocabularies, forms, and aesthetic and dramaturgical effects and affects. Chapter 1 is an introductory chapter, which sets out the scope of the whole project. It locates the dissertation in its critical and scholarly context, and provides a history of the technical and conceptual overlap between the mathematical and literary arts, before traversing the body of intellectual-historical information necessary to situate contextually the ensuing five chapters. This includes a survey of mathematical practice and pedagogy in Elizabethan England. Chapter 2, ‘Algebra and the Art of War’, considers the role of algebra in Marlowe’s Tamburlaine plays. It explores the function of algebraic concepts in early modern military theory, and argues that Marlowe utilised the overlap he found between the two disciplines to create a unique theatrical spectacle. Marlowe’s ‘algebraic stage’, I suggest, enabled its audiences to perceive the enormous scope and aesthetic beauty of warfare within the practical and spatial limitations of the Elizabethan playhouse. Chapter 3, ‘Magic, and the Mathematic Rules’, explores the distinction between magic and mathematics presented in Greene’s Friar Bacon and Friar Bungay. It considers early modern debates surrounding what magic is, and how it was often confused and/or conflated with mathematical skill. It argues that Greene utilised the set of difficult, ambiguous distinctions that arose from such debates for their dramatic potential, because they lay also at the heart of similar anxieties surrounding theatrical spectacles. Chapter 4, ‘Circular Geometries’, considers the circular poetics effected in Dekker’s Old Fortunatus. It contends that Dekker found an epistemological role for drama by having Old Fortunatus acknowledge a set of geometrical affiliations which it proceeds to inscribe itself into. The circular entities which permeate its form and content are as disparate as geometric points, the Ptolemaic cosmos, and the architecture of the Elizabethan playhouses, and yet, Old Fortunatus unifies these entities to praise God and the monarchy. Chapter 5, ‘Infinities and Infinitesimals’, considers how the infinitely large and infinitely small permeate the language and structure of Shakespeare’s Hamlet. It argues that the play is embroiled with the mathematical implications of Copernican cosmography and its Brunian atomistic extension, and offers a linkage between the social circles of Shakespeare and Thomas Harriot. Hamlet, it suggests, courts such ideas at the cutting-edge of contemporary science in order to complicate the ontological context within which Hamlet’s revenge act must take place. Chapter 6, ‘Quantifying Death, Calculating Revenge’, proposes that the quantification of death, and the concomitant calculation of an appropriate revenge, are made an explicit component of Chettle’s Tragedy of Hoffman. It suggests that Chettle enters two distinctly mathematical models of revenge into productive counterpoint in the play in order to interrogate the ethics of revenge, and to dramatise attempts at quantifying the parameters of equality and excess, parity and profit.

Eugene O'Neill included within his vision of humanity a series of complex, emotionally and psychologically developed black characters. Despite critical controversy over his methods or effectiveness, from his eerily silent mulatto in "Thirst" through the grandiose incarnation of The Emperor Jones and the everyman of Joe Mott and The Iceman Cometh, O'Neill created characters of African descent that thrilled and infuriated critics and audiences alike. A closer exploration of the issues involved in his portrayal of ethnically identified characters seems necessary, an exploration that does not limit itself to an interrogation of ethnicity per se in O'Neill's plays, but one that addresses the portrayal of black characters and whether or not O'Neill privileges one "race," or socially and culturally identifiable population. O'Neill's infusion of "psychology" into his black characters may have delineated them as fate-driven primitives at the mercy of their atavistic histories, but he did the same with his Irish and other ethnic characters. In fact, many critics argue that his Irish characters are particularly subject to caricature, yet O'Neill is not generally understood to be anti-Irish. Are we then to understand O'Neill's portrayal of ethnicity in the superstition and fear of The Dreamy Kid and Brutus Jones, or in the context of the playwright's bold and dismissive retort to the Ku Klux Klan's condemnation of interracial casting in All God's Chillun Got Wings? It would be a spurious examination that intentionally disregards perceived racist phenomena in O'Neill's plays. However, his depiction of racialized behaviors (and his own possible racism) must be seen to function as an extra-discursive element that ultimately does not disrupt the development of a unified body of work. His major black characters, tragic or otherwise, are not limited by their deceptively stylized portrayals but rather reflect O'Neill's quest to understand and examine the nature of a common human experience, a view that is ultimately consistent within the entirety of his canon.

Includes vita. / Title from PDF of title page. / Document formatted into pages; contains 198 pages. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of South Florida, 2003. / Includes bibliographical references. / Text (Electronic thesis) in PDF format. / ABSTRACT: Eugene O'Neill included within his vision of humanity a series of complex, emotionally and psychologically developed black characters. Despite critical controversy over his methods or effectiveness, from his eerily silent mulatto in "Thirst" through the grandiose incarnation of The Emperor Jones and the everyman of Joe Mott and The Iceman Cometh, O'Neill created characters of African descent that thrilled and infuriated critics and audiences alike. A closer exploration of the issues involved in his portrayal of ethnically identified characters seems necessary, an exploration that does not limit itself to an interrogation of ethnicity per se in O'Neill's plays, but one that addresses the portrayal of black characters and whether or not O'Neill privileges one "race," or socially and culturally identifiable population. / ABSTRACT: O'Neill's infusion of "psychology" into his black characters may have delineated them as fate-driven primitives at the mercy of their atavistic histories, but he did the same with his Irish and other ethnic characters. In fact, many critics argue that his Irish characters are particularly subject to caricature, yet O'Neill is not generally understood to be anti-Irish. Are we then to understand O'Neill's portrayl of ethnicity in the superstition and fear of The Dreamy Kid and Brutus Jones, or in the context of the playwright's bold and dismissive retort to the Ku Klux Klan's condemnation of interracial casting in All God's Chillun Got Wings? It would be a spurious examination that intentionally disregards perceived racist phenomena in O'Neill's plays. However, his depiction of racialized behaviors (and his own possible racism) must be seen to function as an extra-discursive element that ultimately does not disrupt the development of a unified body of work. / ABSTRACT: His major black characters, tragic or otherwise, are not limited by their deceptively stylized portrayals but rather reflect O'Neill's quest to understand and examine the nature of a common human experience, a view that is ultimately consistent within the entirety of his canon. / System requirements: World Wide Web browser and PDF reader. / Mode of access: World Wide Web.

This study offers a comparative repertory-based approach to drama in early modern Lancashire. From 1587 to 1590, the Lancastrian Stanley household accounts record two acting companies’ frequent visits to the Stanley household. The Stanleys were a powerful northern family in the troubled region of Lancashire. The companies, the Queen’s Men and Strange’s Men, were famous, and their patrons, Queen Elizabeth I and Ferdinando Stanley respectively, make their visits to the Stanleys noteworthy. A comparative repertory approach examines how the companies’ repertories treat two contemporary concerns about Lancashire—region and religion. The companies’ repertories treat regional and religious issues differently because of their patrons’ differing political agendas. Strange’s Men’s plays reject characters’ associations to regions and punish religious diversity, and, above all, the plays praise the nobility’s role in protecting the nation. Ultimately, Strange’s Men’s plays promote ideals that suited their patron’s need to demonstrate loyalty to the realm. In contrast, the Queen’s Men’s plays value characters’ associations to regions and allow religious diversity, and, significantly, the plays promote a vision of a forgiving, inclusive monarch. Fundamentally, the Queen’s Men’s plays support Elizabeth I’s campaign to create a unified nation. The implications of this thesis are groundbreaking for the treatment of provincial drama. This repertory-based project demonstrates that Lancashire hosted a lively dramatic tradition and suggests that the Stanley household was a crucial destination for both companies. The discussion of the themes of region and religion shows both patrons negotiated political agendas and religious attitudes in the drama that they sponsored. The repertory-based approach re-examines discounted dramatic material and considers plays as part of overall trends in companies’ repertories. This thesis is the first to extensively compare two acting companies’ repertories and performances in a geographical location outside of London. / Graduate

Submitted by Danieli Gervazio Magdaleno null (danieligervazio@gmail.com) on 2017-10-16T23:17:53Z No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertaçãoMAGDALENO.pdf: 1014516 bytes, checksum: 7b53b07045513c16096724c05eb0f88c (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Monique Sasaki (sayumi_sasaki@hotmail.com) on 2017-10-18T18:49:34Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 magdaleno_dg_me_mar.pdf: 1014516 bytes, checksum: 7b53b07045513c16096724c05eb0f88c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-10-18T18:49:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 magdaleno_dg_me_mar.pdf: 1014516 bytes, checksum: 7b53b07045513c16096724c05eb0f88c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-09-21 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / A presente dissertação se volta para as diferentes formas de linguagem nas obras literárias de Jean-Paul Sartre e o que determina sua escolha pelo teatro como meio privilegiado para expressar o engajamento do indivíduo junto à coletividade. Sartre se mostra importante no panorama do drama moderno, visto que, ao mesmo tempo em que os personagens de suas peças, partindo de uma situação de total isolamento e desamparo, manifestam sua incapacidade de agir, ainda assim conseguem resgatar a liberdade de atuação constitutiva do gênero dramático. Sartre se empenhou por preservar as características do drama, mesmo diante das investidas épicas e líricas que tomaram conta do gênero dramático a partir do século XIX. A retomada do drama empreendida pela filosofia existencialista tenta sanar o estado de impotência que teria assolado o homem moderno. Nossa hipótese é de que Sartre parece buscar uma forma de legitimar seus dramas na sistematização dos gêneros literários exposta por Hegel em seus Cursos de Estética. / This dissertation's object are the different language forms in Jean-Paul Sartre's literary work and his choice for theatre as privileged means of expressing individual engagement in the collectivity. Sartre has been as an important name in the modern drama panorama, because his characters show an incapacity to act, coming from a situation of total isolation and abandonment, and at the same time are still able to rescue the liberty of acting. This liberty constitutes the drama, so Sartre strove diligently for preserving drama's features, even against the assaults from the epic and the lyric genders, which took over the dramatic gender from the nineteenth century onwards. Retaking the drama, a task undertaken by the existential philosophy, is one step towards solving the state of impotence that had devastated the modern man. We support the hypothesis that Sartre seems to seek for a way of legitimating the drama by means of the literary genders exposed by Hegel in his Lectures on Aesthetics.

This thesis comprises detailed readings of nine early-modern plays featuring female witches in an attempt to recover an understanding of how they were represented on the early-modern stage and what they meant to their first audiences. Drawing on twentieth-century theories of subjectivity, it offers an avenue for the explanation of moments of misogyny in the plays and identifies an unconscious communal anxiety which was revealed and perpetuated by the stage representation of the witch. Although we cannot fully recapture the experience of an audience of 400 years ago, this study attempts to do so in order to place the plays in the context of anxieties detectable in the period. By reading the plays in reference to theatrical conditions, this thesis identifies moments when the drama enlisted the subjectivity of the audience and the witch was constructed as uncanny. Such an approach contributes to the debate on the ages of actors performing certain female characters and suggests potential staging approaches for future performances.

Notre étude a pour objet d’examiner comment le genre et les relations de pouvoir et d’affinité sont construits à travers le discours dans deux pièces de théâtre françaises et deux pièces de théâtre américaines écrites durant l’époque moderne (1890-1914), Margaret Fleming (1890) de James A. Herne, He and She (1911) de Rachel Crothers, Les avariés (1902) de Eugène Brieux et La triomphatrice (1914) de Marie Lenéru. Le but de l’étude est de combler l’écart entre le champ d’étude du langage et du genre ainsi que dans le champ de l’analyse linguistique des textes de théâtre dans les mondes francophones et anglophones. Pour combler cette lacune, nous avons choisi de développer un modèle d’analyse ancré dans l’évolution récente du champ de langage et de genre tout en prenant en considération l’analyse linguistique des textes de théâtres. Le modèle joint les théories anglophones de l’analyse critique du discours ainsi que les théories de l’analyse du discours françaises et les théories d’énonciation. Notre analyse nous a démontré que dans les pièces françaises et américaines, les systèmes linguistiques français et anglais utilisent les mêmes stratégies et procès linguistiques pour représenter le genre et les relations. Nous avons également constaté que dans les textes dramatiques, le genre est situationnel, dépendant du contexte, et intersectionnel, se croisant avec d’autres catégories tels la classe, l’âge et l’ethnicité, et dans le cas des textes dramatiques, les genres dramatiques et les rôles des personnages. Nos résultats présentent de nouvelles façons d’étudier et de lire le genre dans les discours dramatiques et montrent aussi l’importance de joindre des approches multiculturelles. / The purpose of this study was to investigate how gender, and power and affinity relationships areconstructed via discourse in two French and two American plays composed during the modern period (1890-1914): James A. Herne’s Margaret Fleming (1890), Rachel Crothers’s He and She (1911), Eugène Brieux’sLes Avariés (1902), and Marie Lenéru’s La Triomphatrice (1914). The study sought to fill the gap between,on the one hand, research in the field of language and gender that unsystematically analyzed literary anddramatic texts, and, on the other hand, studies in the field of the linguistic analysis of drama that analyzedlanguage and gender in plays without recourse to the theoretical underpinnings in language and genderstudies. To address this gap, a three-partite model analyzing the dramatic text, the situation of enunciation,and gendered discourses was developed, building on Critical Discourse Analysis and French DiscourseAnalysis, as well as research from the fields of language and gender, and the linguistic analysis of drama. Aclose examination of gendered representations and gendered usage using the model revealed that in Frenchand American drama, similar linguistic features are mostly deployed to construct gender and relationships.Results also showed that in dramatic texts, gender is situational, depending on context, and intersectional,often intersecting with other categories like class, age, and ethnicity, and in the case of dramatic texts,dramatic genres and roles. These findings present new ways of researching and reading gender in dramaticdiscourse. They also highlight the importance of combining multi-cultural approaches to analyze gender indramatic texts.

Este trabalho, composto de três volumes (I. Historiografia; II. Seleção de textos críticos; e III. Catálogo bibliográfico), tem como objetivo apresentar um panorama da recepção de Ibsen no Brasil. O primeiro volume traz uma avaliação da fortuna crítica de Ibsen no Brasil, passando pelas idéias teatrais do século XIX, pela modernização do teatro nos anos 1940, até chegar às tendências críticas contemporâneas. O segundo traz os textos mais relevantes para o entendimento da obra do dramaturgo, publicados no Brasil entre 1895 e 2002. Por fim, o terceiro apresenta os dados bibliográficos sobre as traduções brasileiras das peças do autor; sobre as montagens realizadas no teatro e na tv; sobre os livros, capítulos de livros, prefácios e textos publicados em periódicos sobre o dramaturgo. Com esse percurso, buscou-se compreender o modo de assimilação do teatro ibseniano pela crítica brasileira, levando em consideração as influências estrangeiras, especialmente a francesa. Ao mesmo tempo, procurouse ressaltar os momentos de ruptura com essa tradição, sobretudo a partir das reflexões de Antonio de Alcântara Machado, Otto Maria Carpeaux e Anatol Rosenfeld, que deram uma nova orientação para a leitura das peças de Ibsen. / This work, composed of three volumes (I. Historiography; II. Selection of critical texts; and III. Bibliographical catalogue), presents an overview of the reception of Ibsen in Brazil. The first volume is an assessment of the rich and varied criticism Ibsen received in Brazil within the context of the theatrical ideas of the nineteenth century, the modernization of the theatre in the 1940s, until the contemporary level of critical trends. The second selects the most relevant texts in order to understand the works of the playwright, which were published in Brazil from 1985 and 2002. Finally, the third presents bibliographical information on Brazilian translations of his plays; on adaptations carried through in theatre and on TV; in books, book chapters, prefaces and texts published in periodicals about the playwright. Through this route, an attempt was made to understand the way Ibsenian theatre was assimilated by Brazilian critics, taking into account foreign influences, especially of French origin. At the same time, we attempt to highlight examples of breaking from such tradition, especially considering the thoughts of Antonio de Alcântara Machado, Otto Maria Carpeaux and Anatol Rosenfeld, who gave us another approach to the studies of Ibsen\'s plays.

What role did identification play in the motives, processes, and products of select post-colonial authors who "wrote back" to William Shakespeare and colonialism? How did post-colonial counter-discursive metatheatre function to make select post-colonial adaptations creative and critical texts? In answer to these questions, this dissertation proposes that counter-discursive metatheatre resituates post-colonial plays as criticism of Shakespeare's plays. As particular post-colonial authors identify with marginalized Shakespearean characters and aim to amplify their conflicts from the perspective of a dominated culture, they interpret themes of race, gender, and colonialism in Othello (1604), Antony and Cleopatra (1608), and The Tempest (1611) as explicit problems. This dissertation combines post-colonial theory and other literary theory, particularly by Kenneth Burke, to propose a rhetoric of motives for post-colonial authors who "write back" to Shakespeare through the use of counter-discursive metatheatre. This dissertation, therefore, describes and analyzes how and why the plays of Murray Carlin, Aimé Césaire, and Derek Walcott function both creatively and critically, adapting Shakespeare's plays, and foregrounding post-colonial criticism of his plays. Chapter One analyzes Murray Carlin's motivations for adapting Othello and using the framing narrative of Not Now, Sweet Desdemona (1967) to explicitly critique the conflicts of race, gender, and colonialism in Othello. Chapter Two treats why and how Aimé Césaire adapts The Tempest in 1969, illustrating his explicit critique of Prospero and Caliban as the colonizer and the colonized, exposing Prospero's insistence on controlling the sexuality of his subjects, and, therefore, arguing that race, gender, and colonialism operate concomitantly in the play. Chapter Three analyzes A Branch of the Blue Nile (1983) as both a critique and an adaptation of Antony and Cleopatra, demonstrating how Walcott's framing narrative critiques the notion of a universal "Cleopatra," even one of an "infinite variety," and also evaluates Antony as a character who is marginalized by his Roman culture. The conclusion of this dissertation avers that in "writing back" to Shakespeare, these authors foreground and reframe post-colonial criticism, successfully dismantling the colonial structures that have kept their interpretations, and the subjects of their interpretations, marginalized.

This dissertation analyzes undertheorized grammatical and linguistic details of Shakespeare’s language. Using tools derived from the fields of linguistics, pragmatics, and discourse analysis, I trace the ways that Shakespeare’s speakers represent themselves in language, and how they position themselves relative to their interlocutors. Grounding my study in a selection of Shakespeare’s works in which questions of self-positioning are particularly fraught, I argue that the nuances of grammar that undergird the linguistic performance of Shakespeare’s speakers encode significant clues about interaction and interpersonal relationships. I maintain that the minute details of linguistic encounters, easily overlooked words such as modal verbs (particularly shall and will) and deictic markers (words such as I, this, and now), hold important information about speakers’ perceptions of themselves, their interlocutors, and their environment. Attention to such details, and to charged moments of linguistic encounter in which speakers must negotiate their modes of self-positioning, helps to illuminate the troubled processes of self-representation and changing self-perception. Chapter one focuses on Shakespeare’s sonnets, and suggests that these poems provide a productive model for the examination of the nuances of speech and interactive dialogue. I anchor my discussion in the particular resonance of the word shall in the sonnets, and explore the ways in which the sonnet speaker attempts to preserve linguistic control relative to a threatening interlocutor. The second chapter extends these concerns to consider how the speakers of Troilus and Cressida respond to a wide network of potentially threatening interlocutors. In this chapter, I focus on linguistic encounters such as arguments and gossip to examine the risks that speakers encounter when they enter the fray of communal discourse. My third chapter turns to Coriolanus to consider moments of aggressive linguistic collisions, in which speakers vie for the right to speak a potent and contested word such as shall. The fourth and final chapter analyzes Richard II through the frame of deictic markers and grammatical modes of self-reference to consider the protective strategies afforded by language in moments of crisis.