<p><p><em>Transforming the Brute</em> addresses the ethical acceptability of creating painless animals for usage in biomedical experimentation.  In recent decades the possibility of creating genetically decerebrate animals or AMLs for human ends has been discussed in scientific, academic, and corporate communities.  While the ability to create animals that cannot feel, experience, and are more plant than animal remains science fiction, biomedicine may now be able to eliminate or significantly reduce the capacity to feel pain and nociception through genetic engineering.  With this new technology comes the opportunity to vastly increase the welfare of animals used in biomedical experimentation, yet this possibility has largely been ignored by the scientific and academic community.  This work seeks to reveal the moral necessity of creating painless animals for usage in biomedical experimentation for animal welfare ends.  Intrinsic objections relating to animal integrity, rights, companionship, the alteration of telos, humility and virtue are considered.  The benefit of eliminating nociceptive pain in experimental animals is addressed, and differences are examined between biomedical experimentation and other usage of animals for human ends which makes the proposed creation of painless animals ethically unique.  Finally, an argument is presented for the moral necessity of replacing normal animals with painless animals in biomedical experimentation with consideration given to genetically decerebrate animals.</p></p>

Transforming the Brute addresses the ethical acceptability of creating painless animals for usage in biomedical experimentation.  In recent decades the possibility of creating genetically decerebrate animals or AMLs for human ends has been discussed in scientific, academic, and corporate communities.  While the ability to create animals that cannot feel, experience, and are more plant than animal remains science fiction, biomedicine may now be able to eliminate or significantly reduce the capacity to feel pain and nociception through genetic engineering.  With this new technology comes the opportunity to vastly increase the welfare of animals used in biomedical experimentation, yet this possibility has largely been ignored by the scientific and academic community.  This work seeks to reveal the moral necessity of creating painless animals for usage in biomedical experimentation for animal welfare ends.  Intrinsic objections relating to animal integrity, rights, companionship, the alteration of telos, humility and virtue are considered.  The benefit of eliminating nociceptive pain in experimental animals is addressed, and differences are examined between biomedical experimentation and other usage of animals for human ends which makes the proposed creation of painless animals ethically unique.  Finally, an argument is presented for the moral necessity of replacing normal animals with painless animals in biomedical experimentation with consideration given to genetically decerebrate animals.

Submitted by Miriam Pires Eustachio de Medeiros Vale (vale.miriam@gmail.com) on 2012-02-24T16:58:27Z No. of bitstreams: 1 O Surgimento da FEA.pdf: 1095762 bytes, checksum: 8a04426d4a07db717f939b4258b13376 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Gisele Isaura Hannickel (gisele.hannickel@fgv.br) on 2012-02-24T18:39:17Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 O Surgimento da FEA.pdf: 1095762 bytes, checksum: 8a04426d4a07db717f939b4258b13376 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2012-02-27T11:38:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 O Surgimento da FEA.pdf: 1095762 bytes, checksum: 8a04426d4a07db717f939b4258b13376 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-02-15 / The objective of this study is to understand the process of institutionalization of the undergraduate course in business administration from the Faculty of Economics, Administration and Accounting from the University of São Paulo (FEA-USP), with the theoretical model of Barley and Tolbert (1997). Exploring historical aspects to try to explain the 'spirit of the times' (Zeitgeist) and illustrate the process of emergence of a new undergraduate at USP, the methodology of case study (YIN, 2001) was chosen to allow a wide range of techniques of research. Thus, the study analyzed the Minutes of Meetings of the Congregation of the time (1946-1965), interviews with fifteen people between actors and observers of the history of this institution during the period, newspapers published by the students of the Faculty and bibliography on the subject. Using the concepts found in Giddens (1979, 1986), Machado-da-Silva, Fonseca and Crubellate (2005), DiMaggio and Powell (1983), Hardy and Maguire (2008), Khurana (2007), among others that work with institutional theory, the process of institutionalization of the course of business administration at FEA-USP is analyzed, relating available literature with the facts found in documents and interviews conducted. Some events called attention: the delay in more than a decade to the founding of the FEA at USP, the connection between the discipline “Management Science” with the Institute of Management, which had its genesis from the Department of Public Service, linked to the state government of Sao Paulo. There were people and necessary situations that helped in the setting of the course at USP only from the 60's. In this sense, the roles played by Prof. Antonio Delfim Netto and Prof. Ruy Aguiar da Silva Leme are explored in greater detail because of the great impact that their decisions had in the process of creation and establishment of a management career. In fact, institutions, with emphasis in this research on FEA-USP, are potential sites for the study of change and social actors through their actions undertaken are capable of generating modification or reproduction of the status quo within these establishments. The institutions are possibilities for those who compose them, at the same time, institutions constrain actions and are necessary in society just as it is presented in modernity. / O objetivo deste trabalho é entender o processo de institucionalização do curso de graduação em Administração de Empresas da Faculdade de Economia, Administração e Contabilidade da Universidade de São Paulo (FEA-USP), tendo como referencial teórico o modelo de Barley e Tolbert (1997). Explorando aspectos históricos para tentar explicar o “espírito do tempo” (Zeitgeist) e ilustrar o processo de surgimento de uma nova graduação para a USP, a metodologia do estudo de caso (YIN, 2001) foi a escolhida por permitir uma maior gama de recursos de pesquisa. Dessa forma, o trabalho analisou as Atas de Reunião da Congregação da época (1946-1965), entrevistas colhidas com quinze pessoas entre protagonistas e observadores da história desta instituição durante o período analisado, jornais publicados pelos próprios alunos da Faculdade e bibliografia sobre o assunto. Utilizando-se de conceitos presentes em Giddens (1979, 1986), Machado-da-Silva, Fonseca e Crubellate (2005), DiMaggio e Powell (1983), Hardy e Maguire (2008), Khurana (2007), entre outros autores que trabalham com a Teoria Institucional, o processo de institucionalização do curso de Administração de Empresas na FEA-USP é analisado, relacionando-se a literatura disponível com os fatos encontrados em documentos e depoimentos colhidos. Alguns acontecimentos chamam a atenção, como a demora em mais de uma década para a fundação da FEA dentro da USP, a ligação da cadeira de Ciência da Administração com o Instituto de Administração (IA), que teve sua gênese a partir do Departamento do Serviço Público (DSP), órgão ligado ao Governo do Estado de São Paulo. Singularidades à parte, houve pessoas e situações necessárias para que o curso surgisse na USP apenas a partir da década de 1960. Nesse sentido, os papéis desempenhados pelo Prof. Antônio Delfim Netto e pelo Prof. Ruy Aguiar da Silva Leme são explorados com maior detalhamento, tendo em vista o grande impacto que suas decisões tiveram no processo de criação e estabelecimento da carreira de administração. De fato, tem-se que as instituições, com ênfase nesta pesquisa sobre a FEA-USP, são locais propícios para o estudo da mudança e que os atores sociais através de suas ações empreendidas são capazes de gerar modificação ou reprodução do status quo dentro destes estabelecimentos. As instituições constituem possibilidades para aqueles que a compõem ao mesmo tempo em que constrangem ações e são necessárias na sociedade tal qual como é apresentada na modernidade.