Thesis (M.A.)--University of Montana, 2007. / Title from title screen. Description based on contents viewed July 25, 2007. Includes bibliographical references (p. 55-60).

Thesis (M.A.)--University of Montana, 2007. / Title from title screen. Description based on contents viewed Aug. 13, 2007. Includes bibliographical references (p. 47).

Virginia City once exemplified the cutting edge of culture and taste in the Rocky Mountain mining frontier. Weathering economic downturns, mining booms and busts, and the loss of the territorial capital to Helena, Virginia City survives today as a heritage tourism site with a substantial building stock from its period of significance, 1863-1875. However, the poor physical condition and interpretation of the town offers tourists an inauthentic experience. Without paint analysis, the Montana Heritage Commission, state-appointed caretakers of Virginia City cannot engage in rehabilitation. As of 2017, no published architectural finishes research exists that provides comparative case studies for the Anglo-American settlement of the American West between 1840-1880, for American industrial landscapes, or for vernacular architecture in Montana. This thesis offers a case study of five buildings to add to the body of scholarly architectural finishes research, provide rehabilitation recommendations, and provide a published, baseline study for future research.

Dissertação apresentada ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Ambientais da Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense - UNESC, como requisito parcial para a obtenção do título de Mestre em Ciências Ambientais. / The Southern and South-eastern regions of Brazil are home to great resource and diversity of ferns and lycophytes, although in Santa Catarina there aren’t enough studies and data for areas of difficult access and phytogeographically distinct. This study was carried out in Serra Furada State Park (SFSP), which is located between the municipalities of Orleans and Grão-Pará, South of Santa Catarina state. It covers about 1.330 hectares with variations between 400 and 1.480 m of altitude up from the sea level and its part of the Montane Dense Ombrophilous Forest and Upper Montane of the Atlantic Forest biome. The study took place in Southern PESF (about 230 ha) in Montana Dense Ombrophilous Forest with climate humid subtropical, with annual average temperatures of 7 ° C in winter and 25 ° C in summer and rainfall 1300-1600 mm per year. This research registered the ferns and lycophytes of this region, providing means for their identification through a commented list of the species, and analysed the spatial distribution pattern of the following habits: tree ferns, terrestrial herbaceous, epiphytic and climbing plant in three different environments. For sampling of the species followed the plot method for tree ferns (10x10m), terrestrial herbaceous (2x2m) and climbing plants (10x10m) and point centered quarter method for epiphytes. It was performed, between the areas, the Correspondence Analysis (CA) and Dissimilarity with nonparametric multivariate variance by dissimilarity criteria Bray-Curtis and Percentage Similarity analysis (SIMPER) for the species, considering α = 0.05 for all tests. In the floristic survey, 79 infrageneric taxa were registered, 74 ferns and five lycophytes, distributed in 43 genera and 16 families, 40 of them being terrestrial herbaceous, 28 epiphytes, 6 tree ferns and 5 climbing plants. The families that had shown greater specific resources were Polypodiaceae (11), Dryopteridaceae (10), Blechnaceae (9), Hymenophyllaceae (8) and the richest genera were Blechnum (8), Lindsaea (7), Asplenium (6), Cyathea (4), Phlegmariurus (4), Hymenophyllum (3), Diplazium (3) e Pteris (3). Within the species identified, the majority, 93,51%, of ferns and lycophytes occurring in the study are exclusively of the Neotropic, 57,14% of South America, 31,17% exclusive species of Brazil, 25,97% restricted to the Atlantic rainforest and 14,29% Austro-Eastern. Among the species found in SFSP, only Dicksonia sellowiana (Dicksoniaceae) belongs to the endangered category. In the spatial distribution study were sampled, in total, 644 individuals: 235 tree ferns, 123 terrestrial herbaceous, 181 epiphytes and 105 climbing plant. Between the four groups that were studied the ones with the best responses for the dissimilarity in the spatial distribution in different environments were the terrestrial herbaceous and epiphytic species, respectively. The tree ferns species differentiated significantly only between two sampling units and the climbing plants had no significant differences for none of them. Species that formed groupings in the correspondence analysis and were significant for the dissimilarity among the areas were identified as possible indicator of each one of the environments. Examples of species in forests disturbance with well-drained soil: Pteris brasiliensis Lindsaea virescens, Cyathea corcovadensis; in forests preserved permanently with wet soil: Blechnum sampaioanum, Elaphoglossum glaziovii, Polybotria cilindrica; in forests preserved with well-drained soil: Asplenium claussenii and in forests preserved dry or humid: Lastreopsis amplissima, Asplenium scandicinum, Pecluma pectinatiformis, Mickelia scandens, Vandenboschia radicans. These data reinforce that ferns and lycophytes constitute an important group of plants with great bioindicator potential, especially terrestrial herbaceous and epiphytes species. / O sul e sudeste do Brasil abrigam grande riqueza e diversidade de samambaias e licófitas, entretanto em Santa Catarina faltam estudos e dados para áreas fitogeograficamente distintas e de difícil acesso. Este estudo foi realizado no Parque Estadual da Serra Furada (PESF) localizado entre os municípios de Orleans e Grão-Pará, sul do estado de Santa Catarina. Compreende cerca de 1.330 ha com variação entre 400 e 1.480 m de altitude em relação ao nível do mar, fazendo parte da Floresta Ombrófila Densa Montana e Altomontana do Bioma Mata Atlântica. O estudo ocorreu no quadrante sul do PESF (cerca de 230 ha) em Floresta Ombrófila Densa Montana com clima do tipo subtropical úmido, com temperaturas médias anuais de 7ºC no inverno e 25ºC no verão e precipitação 1300 a 1600 mm anuais. O presente estudo registrou as samambaias e licófitas desta região, fornecendo meios para a identificação através de uma lista comentada das espécies, e analisou o padrão de distribuição espacial dos hábitos arborescente, herbáceo terrícola, epifítico e escandente em três diferentes ambientes. Para amostragem das espécies seguiu-se o método de parcelas para as arborescentes (10x10m), herbáceas terrícolas (2x2m) e escandentes (10x10m) e ponto quadrante centrado para os epífitos. Foi realizada, entre as áreas, a Análise de Correspondência (AC) e de Dissimilaridade com variância multivariada não paramétrica pelo critério de dissimilaridade de Bray-Curtis e realizada análise de Similaridade Percentual (SIMPER) para as espécies, considerando α=0,05 para todos os testes. No estudo florístico foram registradas 79 taxa infragenéricos, desses: 74 samambaias e cinco licófitas, distribuídas em 43 gêneros e 16 famílias, sendo 40 herbáceas terrícolas, 28 epífitos, seis arborescentes e cinco escandentes. As famílias que apresentaram maiores riquezas específicas foram Polypodiaceae (11), Dryopteridaceae (10), Blechnaceae (9), Hymenophyllaceae (8) e os gêneros mais ricos foram Blechnum (8), Lindsaea (7), Asplenium (6), Cyathea (4), Phlegmariurus (4), Hymenophyllum (3), Diplazium (3) e Pteris (3). Das espécies identificadas, a maioria, 93,51%, das samambaias e licófitas registradas no estudo são exclusivas do Neotrópico, 57,14% da América do Sul, 31,17% espécies exclusivas do Brasil, 25,97% restritas à Mata Atlântica e 14,29% Austro-orientais. Entre as espécies encontradas no PESF, apenas Dicksonia sellowiana (Dicksoniaceae) encontra-se na categoria de risco de extinção como EN (em perigo). No estudo de distribuição espacial foram amostrados 644 indivíduos: 235 arborescentes, 123 herbáceas terrícolas, 181 epífitos e 105 escandentes. Entre os quatro grupos estudados os que obtiveram melhor resposta para a dissimilaridade na distribuição espacial nos diferentes ambientes foram as espécies herbáceas terrícolas e as epifíticas, respectivamente. As espécies arborescentes diferenciaram-se significativamente apenas entre duas unidades amostrais e as escandentes não obtiveram diferenças significativas para nenhuma delas. As espécies que formaram agrupamentos na análise de correspondência e foram significativas para a dissimilaridade entre as áreas, foram listadas como possíveis indicadoras de cada um dos ambientes. São espécies de florestas alteradas com solo bem drenado: Pteris brasiliensis, Lindsaea virescens, Cyathea corcovadensis; de florestas preservadas com solo permanentemente úmido: Blechnum sampaioanum, Elaphoglossum glaziovii e Polybotria cilindrica; de florestas preservadas com solo bem drenado: Asplenium claussenii e florestas preservadas secas ou úmidas: Lastreopsis amplissima, Asplenium scandicinum, Pecluma pectinatiformis, Mickelia scandens Vandenboschia radicans. Estes dados reforçam que as samambaias e licófitas formam um importante grupo de plantas com potencial bioindicador, principalmente as herbáceas terrícolas e os epífitos.

Orientador: Stelio Pacca Loureiro Luna / Banca: Antonio José de A. Aguiar / Banca: Adriano B. Carregaro / Banca:Renata Navarro Cassu / Resumo: Avaliou-se o efeito analgésico de Arnica em comparação à utilização de cetoprofeno, no pós operatório de 50 gatas submetidas à ovariossalpingohisterectomia (OSH). Para tanto, as gatas foram divididas em cinco grupos (n=10) e de forma aleatória os animais foram tratados com 1 ml de Arnica 30DH SC (GA30SC); Arnica 30 DH VO (VO) (GA30VO); Arnica 6 DH VO (GA6VO); 2mg/kg de cetoprofeno SC (GC) na primeira aplicação, e 1mg/Kg nas restantes ou 0,1mg/kg de morfina SC (GM). Após 30 minutos realizou-se a OSH e os animais foram avaliados quanto à sedação e dor pós-operatória, por meio de EAV, ECV e hiperalgesia, pelo limiar mecânico nociceptivo por meio dos monofilamentos de Von Frey. Quando o escore da ECV e EAVID atingiram 33% do valor máximo foi realizado o resgate analgésico administrando-se 0,3 mg/kg de morfina IM. Além das escalas anteriormente citadas também foi observado a ocorrência de emese, defecação, micção, peso e cicatrização. Com exceção dos animais tratados com morfina, não houve incidência de vômito. Não houve diferença significativa entre os grupos na defecação, micção, peso e cicatrização. A hiperalgesia foi observada apenas nos momentos em que a EAVID e ECV ultrapassaram 33%, isto é nos momentos em que foi realizado o resgate analgésico. O cetoprofeno e a morfina foram mais eficazes que a Arnica, não houve diferença entre as dinamizações 6DH e 30DH VO, nem entre as vias SC e oral de administração da Arnica em gatas submetidas à OSH / Abstract: The analgesic effect of Arnica was compared to ketoprofen in 50 cats undergoing ovariosalpingohysterectomy (OSH). Cats were randomly divided into five groups of same number (n=10). The animals were treated with 1 ml of Arnica montana 30DH subcutaneously (SC) (GA30SC); Arnica montana 30 DH orally (GA30VO); Arnica montana 6 DH orally (GA6VO); 2 mg/kg of ketoprofen SC (GC) or 0.1 mg/kg of morphine SC (GM). Surgery was performed 30 minutes after treatments and the animals were evaluated for sedation and postoperative pain through visual analogue scale (VAS), variable count scale (VCS) and hyperalgesia, measuring the mechanical nociceptive threshold by von Frey monofilaments. When VAS and VCS score reached 33% of the of the maximum, analgesic rescue was performed by administering 0.3 mg/kg of morphine intramuscularly. Occurrence of vomiting, stools, urine output, weight and healing was evaluated in addition to the aforementioned scales. Except for the animals treated with morphine, there was no vomiting. There was no significant difference between groups in the stools, urine output, weight and healing. The hyperalgesia was observed only when the VCS exceeded 33% of the total score, when animals received rescue analgesia, but there were no differences between groups. Ketoprofen and morphine were more effective than Arnica montana for postoperative analgesia in cats undergoing ovariohysterectomy. There was no difference between oral Arnica montana at 6DH and 30DH or subcutaneous and oral administration of Arnica montana in cats undergoing ovariohysterectomy / Doutor

OFFSHORE is a collection of lyric essays that examines the intersections between human cultures and the natural world. The essays inspect issues of identity and belonging in different geographic, cultural, and political landscapes. Part one of the book centers on the cultural and natural landscapes of Hawaii and Japan. Part two explores interpersonal relationships in Montana. And part three focuses on social justice issues in Nicaragua and Florida. Each of the essays in this collection balances intellectual exploration with personal narrative and poetic description, allowing the essays to be simultaneously concept-driven while maintaining lyric force.

O trabalho foi realizado na Floresta Ombrófila Densa Montana (Núcleo Santa Virgínia - Parque Estadual da Serra do Mar, São Paulo, situado entre 2317 a 2324S e 4503 a 4511W), com o objetivo de avaliar como as variações micro-ambientais de solo, liteira e topografia influenciam a composição e estrutura da comunidade de palmeiras. Em duas parcelas permanentes de um hectare, A e B, divididas em três transecções de 10x100 m e subparcelas de 10x10m, foram levantadas todas as palmeiras existentes com o propósito de conhecer a riqueza das espécies e estrutura das populações. Nas sub-parcelas amostras de solo foram coletadas para a determinação das propriedades química e física do solo; a espessura de liteira foi determinada em cinco pontos aleatórios; e a microtopografia de cada uma foi classificada em cume, vertente e vale. Nas duas parcelas (A e B) foram amostrados 3161 ind./0,6 ha e quatro espécies: Euterpe edulis, Geonoma gamiova, Geonoma pohliana e Geonoma schottiana. A fração dominante do solo ao longo de todos transectos foi a areia, em especial nos vales. A camada de liteira variou de espessura entre as classes topográficas. As variáveis K, P, Ca e Mg apresentaram baixos teores nas parcelas e conseqüentemente também foram baixos os teores da soma de bases. A saturação por bases foi baixa nas parcelas devido a alta concentração de Al e a baixa fertilidade do solo. A heterogeneidade micro-ambiental ocasionou variação na distribuição e composição de apenas algumas espécies de palmeiras, em especial o gênero Geonoma, apesar do maior número de indivíduos da E. edulis. A elevada densidade das espécies de palmeiras estudadas são indícios que as mesma estão adaptadas a condições de alta acidez, baixa fertilidade e umidade dolo, podendo ser indicadoras de alto potencial de seu emprego para recuperação de áreas degradadas em especial nas encostas e topos de morro. / The work was conducted in tropical montane rain forest (Núcleo Santa Virginia State Park of Serra do Mar, São Paulo, Brazil, situated in 23172324S and 45034511W), in order to assess how the micro-environmental variations of soil, topography and litter affect the composition and structure of the palm community. In two one hectare permanent plots, A and B, divided into three transects (10x100 m) and subplots (10x10m), it were surveyed all existing palms with the purpose of to know the richness of species and population structure. In sub-plots soil samples were collected to determine the chemical and physical properties of soil, thickness of litter was determined in five random points, and microtopography of each one was classified into ridge, slope and valley. In the two plots (A and B) were sampled 3161 individuals/0.6 ha and four species: Euterpe edulis, Geonoma gamiova, Geonoma pohliana and Geonoma schottiana. The soil dominant fraction in all transects was the sand, especially the valleys. The thickness of the litter layer ranged in between topographic classes. The variables K, P, Ca and Mg showed low levels in the plots and consequently were also low the levels of the basis sum. The saturation basis was low in the plots due to high concentration of Al and low soil fertility. The micro-environmental heterogeneity caused variation in the distribution and composition of a few species of palms, especially the genus Geonoma, despite the larger number of individuals of E. edulis. The high density of palm species studied are indications that the same are adapted to conditions of high acidity, low fertility, and moisture soil, which could indicate a high potential for their use for restoration of degraded areas especially on hillsides and hilltops.

The study examined how the introduction of high-speed internet into a rural community affected audience members' use of their local radio station. A qualitative case study was guided by uses and gratifications and niche theory. The author conducted interviews with KMMR FM audience members in Malta, Montana, to investigate how the introduction of high-speed internet impacted listener habits. Twenty participants who either listened to or produced content for KMMR FM were interviewed. The author performed a thematic analysis of different uses for the radio guided by typologies created by Rubin (1983), Palmgreen and Rayburn (1979), and Katz, Haas, and Gurevitch (1973). The results showed the internet and the radio gratify different needs for audience members: radio was used the most for local information and the internet for more specialized needs that could not be met by the radio. The findings also showed that the radio is important in fostering a sense of social cohesion within the community

Morphological variation between geographically distant populations has long been recognized. The primary objective of this study was to test whether nonrandom shifts in morphology have occurred across a 150-year time span in two rare, endangered plant species Geum radiatum and Houstonia montana. During the last century the vegetation on Roan Mountain has undergone numerous environmental pressures that may have produced morphological shifts. A diverse suite of morphological characters was measured from both species. Characters included vegetative and reproductive structures. Herbarium specimens and direct field measurements were the sources of material used. Results indicated a significant increase in size across time in the majority of characters measured. Results of this study challenge standard taxonomic practices, present questions pertaining to the relationship between genetics and morphology, and raise issues concerning conservation and management strategies of endangered plant populations.

No description available.