Made available in DSpace on 2016-01-26T18:55:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTACAO_ROSANGELA_27_07_2010.pdf: 365704 bytes, checksum: 8693ef1479aaa7da6e5196fc24998278 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-08-31 / The homeopathic medicament Arnica montana have been frequent used in the postoperative, result in reduce of the inflammatory process. This blind study aimed to evaluate the effects of Arnica montana 12CH and ketoprofen in acute pain postoperative of bitches submitted to ovariohisterectomy. Sixteen bitches were pre-medicated with acepromazine 0.2% (0.05mg/Kg IV) followed by anesthetic induction with propofol (5mg/kg IV) and maintained with isoflurane. The animals were randomly distributed in two groups: GC (n=8) treatment with ketoprofen (1mg/Kg PO, q 12h), 60 minutes before surgical incision; GA (n=8) treatment with Arnica montana 12CH (5 globules, q 8h) 60 minutes before surgical incision. Ketoprofen and Arnica montana treatments were administered for 24 hours after surgery. Heart and respiratory rates, systolic arterial pressure, rectal temperature, arterial blood gases, end tidal isoflurane concentration (ETiso), end tidal CO2 concentration (ETCO2), duration of surgery, time to endotracheal extubation, time to post-anesthetic recovery and cortisol serum concentration were assessed. Analgesia and edema degree were evaluated by score system Additional morphine (0.5 mg/kg IM) was given when the analgesia was insufficient. Statistical analyses were performed by Wilcoxon and Mann-Whitney tests. Degree of analgesia and edema did not differ between the groups. Rescue analgesia was administered to four dogs in the GA group (50%) and to five dogs (62.5%) in the GC group. It was concluded that similar analgesic, anti-inflammatory and neuroendocrine effects were provide by ketoprofen and Arnica montana treatment. However, rescue analgesia was required in the two groups, suggesting that both promote insufficient analgesia and they did not inhibit the stress response when administered isolated in bitches submitted to ovariohisterectomy. / O medicamento homeopático Arnica montana tem sido frequentemente utilizado no pós-operatório, resultando em redução do processo inflamatório. Este estudo cego teve como objetivo avaliar os efeitos da Arnica montana 12CH e do cetoprofeno na dor aguda pós-operatória de cadelas submetidas à ovariossalpingohisterectomia (OSH). Dezesseis cadelas foram pré-medicadas com acepromazina 0,2% (0,05mg/kg IV), seguindo-se indução e manutenção anestésica com propofol (5mg/kg, IV) e isofluorano, respectivamente. Os animais foram distribuídos em dois grupos: GC (n=8): tratamento com cetoprofeno (1mg/kg VO), 60 minutos antes da incisão cirúrgica, administrado a cada 12 horas; GA (n=8): tratamento com Arnica montana 12CH (5 glóbulos, VO), 60 minutos antes da incisão cirúrgica, administrado a cada 8 horas. Tanto o cetoprofeno, quanto a Arnica montana foram administrados no período de 24h. Foram avaliados frequência cardíaca (FC), frequência respiratória (f), pressão arterial sistólica (PAS), temperatura retal (TºC), variáveis hemogasométricas, concentração final expirada de isofluorano (ETiso), concentração final expirada de dióxido de carbono (ETCO2), tempo cirúrgico, tempo de extubação, tempo de recuperação pós-anestésica e concentração sérica de cortisol. O grau de analgesia foi avaliado mediante escala descritiva numérica e o grau de edema mediante escore (0-3), às 1, 3, 6, 12 e 24 horas após o término do procedimento cirúrgico. Em casos de analgesia insuficiente foi realizada suplementação com morfina (0,5mg/kg IM). A estatística foi realizada mediante teste de Wilcoxon e Mann-Withney, ao nível de 95% de significância. Não houve diferença entre os grupos em relação ao grau de analgesia e edema. Analgesia de resgate foi necessária em quatro animais (50%) tratados com Arnica montana e cinco animais (62,5%) tratados com cetoprofeno. O cortisol não variou entre os grupos, porém foi superior em relação ao basal durante a cirurgia e na primeira hora após o término da mesma. Conclui-se que o cetoprofeno e a Arnica montana resultam em efeitos analgésico, antiinflamatório e neuroendócrino semelhantes, com necessidade de analgesia de resgate nos dois tratamentos, sugerindo que ambos são insuficientes para a modulação nociceptiva e incapazes de modular a resposta de estresse trans e pós-cirúrgica imediata quando empregados isoladamente, em cadelas submetidas à OSH.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-18T17:53:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTACAO_ROSANGELA_27_07_2010.pdf: 365704 bytes, checksum: 8693ef1479aaa7da6e5196fc24998278 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-08-31 / The homeopathic medicament Arnica montana have been frequent used in the postoperative, result in reduce of the inflammatory process. This blind study aimed to evaluate the effects of Arnica montana 12CH and ketoprofen in acute pain postoperative of bitches submitted to ovariohisterectomy. Sixteen bitches were pre-medicated with acepromazine 0.2% (0.05mg/Kg IV) followed by anesthetic induction with propofol (5mg/kg IV) and maintained with isoflurane. The animals were randomly distributed in two groups: GC (n=8) treatment with ketoprofen (1mg/Kg PO, q 12h), 60 minutes before surgical incision; GA (n=8) treatment with Arnica montana 12CH (5 globules, q 8h) 60 minutes before surgical incision. Ketoprofen and Arnica montana treatments were administered for 24 hours after surgery. Heart and respiratory rates, systolic arterial pressure, rectal temperature, arterial blood gases, end tidal isoflurane concentration (ETiso), end tidal CO2 concentration (ETCO2), duration of surgery, time to endotracheal extubation, time to post-anesthetic recovery and cortisol serum concentration were assessed. Analgesia and edema degree were evaluated by score system Additional morphine (0.5 mg/kg IM) was given when the analgesia was insufficient. Statistical analyses were performed by Wilcoxon and Mann-Whitney tests. Degree of analgesia and edema did not differ between the groups. Rescue analgesia was administered to four dogs in the GA group (50%) and to five dogs (62.5%) in the GC group. It was concluded that similar analgesic, anti-inflammatory and neuroendocrine effects were provide by ketoprofen and Arnica montana treatment. However, rescue analgesia was required in the two groups, suggesting that both promote insufficient analgesia and they did not inhibit the stress response when administered isolated in bitches submitted to ovariohisterectomy. / O medicamento homeopático Arnica montana tem sido frequentemente utilizado no pós-operatório, resultando em redução do processo inflamatório. Este estudo cego teve como objetivo avaliar os efeitos da Arnica montana 12CH e do cetoprofeno na dor aguda pós-operatória de cadelas submetidas à ovariossalpingohisterectomia (OSH). Dezesseis cadelas foram pré-medicadas com acepromazina 0,2% (0,05mg/kg IV), seguindo-se indução e manutenção anestésica com propofol (5mg/kg, IV) e isofluorano, respectivamente. Os animais foram distribuídos em dois grupos: GC (n=8): tratamento com cetoprofeno (1mg/kg VO), 60 minutos antes da incisão cirúrgica, administrado a cada 12 horas; GA (n=8): tratamento com Arnica montana 12CH (5 glóbulos, VO), 60 minutos antes da incisão cirúrgica, administrado a cada 8 horas. Tanto o cetoprofeno, quanto a Arnica montana foram administrados no período de 24h. Foram avaliados frequência cardíaca (FC), frequência respiratória (f), pressão arterial sistólica (PAS), temperatura retal (TºC), variáveis hemogasométricas, concentração final expirada de isofluorano (ETiso), concentração final expirada de dióxido de carbono (ETCO2), tempo cirúrgico, tempo de extubação, tempo de recuperação pós-anestésica e concentração sérica de cortisol. O grau de analgesia foi avaliado mediante escala descritiva numérica e o grau de edema mediante escore (0-3), às 1, 3, 6, 12 e 24 horas após o término do procedimento cirúrgico. Em casos de analgesia insuficiente foi realizada suplementação com morfina (0,5mg/kg IM). A estatística foi realizada mediante teste de Wilcoxon e Mann-Withney, ao nível de 95% de significância. Não houve diferença entre os grupos em relação ao grau de analgesia e edema. Analgesia de resgate foi necessária em quatro animais (50%) tratados com Arnica montana e cinco animais (62,5%) tratados com cetoprofeno. O cortisol não variou entre os grupos, porém foi superior em relação ao basal durante a cirurgia e na primeira hora após o término da mesma. Conclui-se que o cetoprofeno e a Arnica montana resultam em efeitos analgésico, antiinflamatório e neuroendócrino semelhantes, com necessidade de analgesia de resgate nos dois tratamentos, sugerindo que ambos são insuficientes para a modulação nociceptiva e incapazes de modular a resposta de estresse trans e pós-cirúrgica imediata quando empregados isoladamente, em cadelas submetidas à OSH.

The following was a research practicum instituted as an actual project for the State of Montana Welfare Department between June, 1970, and May, 1971. The project had a two-fold purpose in being conceived: one purpose was to fulfill a graduate school academic requirement; and the second purpose was to fulfill a responsibility to the people of Montana who would eventually gain some benefits from this project. The series of written documents that follow are the description of that project's conception and actualization in six Montana counties. The first part is the project idea and theory; the next two parts consist of the means by which the project was implemented; and the final two parts constitute the interim and final reports and evaluations of the project.

About a Girl is a coming-of-age memoir set in Montana, a place that I yearned to belong to, but was also desperate to flee. My girlhood was in some ways idyllic--I was a bright child, the oldest of six, and the bulk of my early education took place in rural one-room schools. When school was out, I ran free and wild in the relative safety of several ranches and farms that my stepdad worked on over the years. But as I entered adolescence, I began experimenting with drugs, alcohol, promiscuity, and other high-risk behaviors. This memoir explores themes of family, identity, isolation, and longing for transformation. My shifting relation to self is mirrored in my shifting relation to place, as my family moves to increasingly isolated locales during my girlhood; as I bounce between my mom's and dad's homes during a turbulent adolescence; and as I seek to establish independence by moving to Denver as soon as I graduate high school. Like many rural kids, I was ill prepared for the urban existence I'd idealized, and once I was on my own, I quickly progressed from being evicted from my first apartment to living on the streets. By using techniques such as dialogue, characterization, and scene building to give my memories narrative form, I seek to reconcile the girl I was with the woman I have become. In exploring the distance between these two selves, I also attempt to make peace with the stories I tell about who I am and how I came to be. For some of us, it is only by nearly destroying ourselves that we are able to find out who we are, and only by leaving home that we are able to make our way back.

An interpretation of gravity and magnetic anomalies of the Butte district, Montana, is based on the analysis of five gravity profiles constructed from Bouguer gravity data of the Butte district observed during the summer of 1974 and give concurrent magnetic profiles constructed from U.S. Geological Survey high-level aeromagnetic data of the district. Of primary concern in this analysis is the interpretation of the Bouguer gravity high and aeromagnetic low associated with the Butte orebody. Results of this interpretation yield a configuration for the Butte orebody characterized by vertical contacts extending from the surface or directly beneath Cenozoic basin fill to 4,500 feet below sea level, with a central core, elongate in the north -south direction, surrounded by a variable outer zone, which is more pronounced in the southern and western portions of the district. The central core is interpreted as a region of zero magnetic susceptibility with three density distributions, all of which are of higher densities than the surrounding host rock and are related to the varying degrees of mineralization and alteration present in this region. The laterally variable outer zone is interpreted as a zone of low magnetic susceptibility with a density equal to that of the host rock. This zone is related to the peripheral mineralization and alteration of the Butte orebody.

Climate change poses significant threats to mountain ecosystems in North America (Barnett et al., 2005) and will subsequently impact water supply for human and ecosystem use. To assess these threats, we must have an understanding of the local variability in hydrometeorological conditions over the mountains. This thesis describes the continued development and application of a fine scale spatial hydrometeorological model, GENESYS (GENerate Earth SYstems Science input). The GENESYS model successfully simulated daily snowpack values for a 10 year trial period and annual runoff volumes for a thirty year period. Based on the results of these simulations the model was applied to estimate potential changes in snowpack over the St. Mary River watershed, Montana. GCM derived future climate scenarios were applied, representing a range of emissions controls and applied to perturb the 1961-90 climate record using the “delta” downscaling technique. The effects of these changes in climate were assessed for thirty year time slices centered on 2020s, 2050s, and 2080s. The GENESYS simulations of future climate showed that mountain snowpack was highly vulnerable to changes in temperature and to a lesser degree precipitation. A seasonal shift to an earlier onset of spring melt and an increase in the ratio of rain to snow occurred under all climate change scenarios. Results of mean and maximum snowpack were more variable and appeared to be highly dependent on scenario selection. The results demonstrated that although annual volume of available water from snowpack may increase, the seasonal distribution of available water may be significantly altered. / viii, 93 leaves ; 29 cm

In the mid-1970s, state courts began to interpret state constitutions independently of the federal constitution in a way that provided greater protection for individual rights at the state versus federal level. Scholars have generally attributed the rise of this movement, known as state constitutionalism, to the actions and scholarship of judges and point to the cause as a fear that the Burger court would rollback Warren court era protections for individual rights. In reality, the concept of state constitutionalism had been present throughout the 1950s-1970s period of state constitutional revision and was deeply influenced by concerns over the status of the federal system. Montana's 1972 Constitutional Convention illustrates the role that constitutional revision had in the subsequent adoption of state constitutionalism. In particular, the creation, adoption, and interpretation of two provisions--the privacy and dignity clauses--shows that the public was engaged in a conscious decision to go beyond the federal protections for individual rights. Montana's experience suggests that further research is needed in order for scholars to fully understand the rise and adoption of state constitutionalism.

Glacier National Park, in northwestern Montana, is a unique and awe-inspiring national treasure that is often used by the media and public-at-large as a window into the effects of climate change. An updated inventory of glaciers and perennial snowfields (G&PS) in the Park, along with an assessment of their change over time, is essential to understanding the role that glaciers are playing in the environment of this Park. Nine inventories between 1966 and 2015 were compiled to assess area changes of G&PS. Over that 49-year period, total area changed by nearly -34 ± 11% between 1966 and 2015. Volume change, determined from changes in surface topography for nine glaciers, totaling 8.61 km² in area, was +0.142 ± 0.02 km³, a specific volume loss of -16.3 ± 2.5m. Extrapolating to all G&PS in the Park in 1966 yields a park-wide loss of -0.660 ± 0.099 km³. G&PS have been receding in the Park due to warming air temperatures rather than changes in precipitation, which has not changed significantly. Since 1900, air temperatures in Glacier National Park have warmed by +1.3 C°, compared to +0.9 C° globally. Spatially, G&PS at lower elevations and on steeper slopes lost relatively more area than other G&PS.

Digitized by Kansas State University Libraries

Master of Arts / Department of Geography / Lisa M. Harrington / Hayscapes, or haying landscapes, are distinctive cultural landscapes that evolve through time as a result of technological changes in response to economic realities. Since settlement began in the western United States, hay-making has gone through a number of mechanical revolutions that have given rise to an assortment of different methods employed in the process of gathering and storing hay. For this research, the changes in haying technology and resulting cultural landscapes are divided into four eras based on the haying methods of the time in western Montana and eastern Idaho. Common haying technology used in the study area at one time or another includes rudimentary devices, hay derricks, Beaverslides, overshots, swinging arm stackers, small, rectangular balers, tractors with front loader extensions, loaf stackers, round balers, large, rectangular balers, and forage harvesters (choppers). Farmers and ranchers create different hayscapes based on the technology used. There are different reasons for using different haying technologies, such as the type and size of agricultural operation, economics, and personal preference. Landscapes are documents, and by “reading” the haying landscape, we are able to acknowledge the story of the transition of life and ways of the past to present-day living of the people. Insights are discovered regarding past and present technologies and aspects of their social and economic systems. This study examines the different past and present haying landscapes of western Montana and eastern Idaho to better understand reasons and ways in which human activities have imprinted the landscape and given rise to distinct, and aesthetically pleasing, patterns on the earth’s surface.