This Bachelor of Arts paper in Media and Communication Studies from Stockholm University examines the image of Russia in Sweden in 1986 and 1993. I studied the Chernobyl disaster in 1986 in Pripyat, Ukraine in the former Soviet Union and the crisis in the White house in Moscow in today’s Russia in 1993. The aim of this paper is to examine how the view on former Soviet Union and today’s Russia was portrayed in Sweden after the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991. I have analysed 20 articles from Dagens Nyheter (DN) and Svenska Dagbladet (SvD). I have used “framing” as a method for analysing the articles in relation to Swedish foreign politics and foreign journalism. My research questions are following: what kind of problems, identifying causes, moral judgements and improvements to solutions were found in the investigated articles? What differences, if any, were discovered between DN and SvD’s journalism?   The results of my study showed that DN focused on general news reporting regarding the Chernobyl disaster and Sweden’s critique to the Soviet Union and the poor maintenance of the nuclear power station in a larger extent than SvD. Sweden was the first country to reveal abroad that they had discovered nuclear radiation on Swedish soil. DN framed, among others, how the Soviet Union was incapable of solving the Chernobyl crises on their own. SvD focused on how Sweden was affected by the Chernobyl disaster and the nuclear radiation. SvD framed how the Soviet Union kept quiet during the aftermath and how the Soviets tried to “conceal” information. Both DN and SvD framed the Soviet Union as “unpredictable”. After the crisis in the White house in Moscow DN and SvD were milder in their criticism towards Russia since there was a political and journalistic hope in Sweden that Russia would become a democratic country. Swedish foreign correspondents could therefore in 1993 create their own image of Russia since the Swedish foreign policy was not as clear after the events in Moscow in 1993 as they were after the Chernobyl disaster in 1986. Both newspapers focused on how Boris Yeltsin struggled to solve the crisis and Russia was now torn between the nostalgic Soviet communism and a new democratic Russia. DN and SvD received continually information about the events taking place in Moscow and reported how Russia was torn between a new tsar Russia/a new Soviet Union and a democratic Russia.

Syftet med denna uppsats är att undersöka om de grundläggande förmågorna är relevanta även i en anti-terrorist operation, då förmågorna hittills varit ett begrepp inom mellanstatliga konflikter. För att besvara detta används två frågeställningar: – Är de grundläggande förmågorna relevanta för denna typ av operationer? – Vilken eller vilka av de grundläggande förmågorna låg till grund för framgång/misslyckande i operationen? Studien genomförs som en jämförande fallstudie där fyra operationer av militär och polisiär karaktär analyseras utifrån de grundläggande förmågorna. Data erhålls genom textanalys av historiska skildringar som avhandlar respektive operation. Resultatet av studien visar att de grundläggande förmågorna är relevanta för anti-terrorist operationer och tillämpningen av dem kan bestämma utfallet av operationen. De förmågor som låg till grund för en lyckad eller misslyckad operation är verkan, skydd, und/info och ledning.

This thesis describes Czech centres and their activities. It depicts the role of Czech centres in the pro-export policy of the Czech Republic and evaluates their contributions for the development of external economic relations. The central point of this thesis is an analysis of activities of the Czech centre-Czech house Moscow and evaluation of its contribution for a concrete corporation which considers entering the Russian market.

This master thesis is focused on problematics of biblical themes in works of the Jewish artists on the territory of The Russian Empire at the turn of the 19th-20th centuries. The introduction of the work deals with socio-political and cultural conditions of the Jewish community, which lived in the pre-revolutionary Imperial Russia. The following part, on the basis of archive materials, remained daily press, periodic press and memoirs, presents two important cultural centres: Jewish Societies for the Encouragement of Arts in Saint-Petersburg and in Moscow, notably their significant support for development of the Jewish arts in Russian culture of that time. The main, third part of the research presents the creative activity of the most prominent representatives of the Jewish art scene and analysis key trends in choosing biblical themes for their art production. Keywords Jews, Jewish culture, Jewish art, Jewish Societies for the Encouragement of Arts, The Russian Empire, Bible, biblical themes, St. Petersburg, Moscow, Vitebsk