Estudo descritivo, feito por meio de dados oficiais, dos acidentes de motocicleta com vítimas (3 390) ocorridos no Município de São Paulo, em 1982, e que tiveram como conseqüência 4 480 vítimas, das quais, 166 faleceram dentro do período de até 180 dias após o evento. Esses acidentes foram mais frequentes e mais graves do que aqueles relativos aos demais veículos a motor. Suas vítimas se caracterizaram como predominantemente do sexo masculino, das faixas etárias de 15 a 24 anos e de 25 a 34 anos e cerca de dois terços da população estudada foi de motociclistas. Em relação ao momento do acidente, constatou-se um pico nos fins de semana e uma distribuição mais ou menos uniforme em relação aos meses e períodos do dia. O coeficiente de mortalidade foi de aproximadamente 2/100 000 habitantes e a relação coeficiente masculino/feminino foi de 6:1. Na natureza das lesões verificou-se que os diagnósticos mais freqUentes foram as fraturas de crânio, os traumatismos internos de tórax e de abdome e as fraturas dos membros inferiores. A maioria dos óbitos ocorreu no hospital (57,23 por cento ) e aqueles no momento do acidente e nas primeiras vinte e quatro horas perfizeram 62,35 por cento do total. A morte ocorreu mais precocemente entre os motociclistas e passageiros do que entre os pedestres. Espera-se que este estudo possa contribuir para o conhecimento epidemiológico dos acidentes de moto e servir corno subsídio para os programas de prevençao desses acidentes, na área da saúde. / This is a descriptive study of official data of motorcycle accidents with victim (3 390) occurred in 1982 in São Paulo city. There were 4 480 injured victims and 166 of them died until 180 days after the event. These accidents were more frequent and serious than others with all motor vehicle different o f motorcycle. The persons injuried were, in majority, males, of age between 15 to 24 and 25 to 34 years old and two-thirds of the population were motorcyclist. Studying the accident scene, the results demonstrated that the apex was in the weekends and there was no significant difference in relation to months and hours of the day. The death rate was close to 2/100 000 inhabitants and male/female rate was 6:1. In relation to the kind of injury, the findings demonstrated the more frequent diagnosis were skull fracture, thoracic and abdominal injuries and leg´s fracture. The majority of death occurred in hospitals (57,23 per cent ) and at accident scene or until twenty four hours after the accident completed 62,35 per cent of deaths. The motorcyclist and passenger deaths were more precocious than pedestrian\'s death. This study will contribute to know motorcycle accidents epidemiology and give support to preventive programmes of this kind of accidents in health field.

Purchase decision making process of the consumer in a given area

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Subject of this masters thesis is design of an electric travel motorbike. At first, current market state is analysed. Then, based on the completed analysis, a new product is designed that fulfils mechanical, ergonomic and aesthetic requirements. Part of this work is a search for new technologies and their incorporation in the design.

This diploma thesis deals with design proposal of the motorcycle. Specifically deals with motorcycle stated for city and its´ wide surroundings. Its´ character most corresponds to group of motorcycles called Naked bikes. As a propulsion system is, unconventionally, chosen the electromotor. This kind of propulsion system currently slowly starts to be connected also with motorcycles. For many people this connection is inconceivable or even unacceptable. Final design proposal respects choosen kind of propulsion system and group of motorcycle and it shows how can be these two elements joined together creating modern, attractive looking motorcycle.

Objectives Motorcycle helmet laws vary by state, with Kentucky requiring helmets only for younger riders. We hypothesized that motorcyclists injured in Kentucky and seen at a Tennessee trauma center would be more likely to be unhelmeted, have more severe head injuries, and sustain more fatal injuries than those injured in Tennessee or Virginia. Methods A Trauma Registry review of 729 injured motorcyclists from January 2005 through June 2015 examined state location of crash, demographics, helmet use, and clinical outcomes. Multivariate logistic regression analysis evaluated predictors for head injury severity and death. Results Unhelmeted motorcycle rider status predicted more severe head injuries (relative risk 15.3, P < 0.001) and death (relative risk 4.2, P < 0.001). Motorcyclists injured in the state of Kentucky were more likely to be unhelmeted, require an operative procedure, have more severe head injuries, have longer lengths of stay, and sustain more fatal injuries (all with < 0.001) than motorcyclists injured in Tennessee or Virginia. Conclusions This study lends support for maintaining and enforcing current universal motorcycle helmet laws for all ages in states where they are in effect and for upgrading helmet laws that apply only to some riders.

Background: Unhelmeted motorcyclists injured in states with lax or poorly enforced helmet safety laws are frequently seen in rural trauma centers. A trauma surgeon started a comprehensive injury prevention and research fund with outreach to a three-state trauma center catchment area promoting injury prevention at area high schools and local communities. We hypothesized that unhelmeted riders would have more severe head injuries and fatalities than helmeted riders. Methods: A trauma registry review of 708 injured motorcycle riders over an 11-year period examined demographics, helmet use, and clinical outcomes of helmeted and unhelmeted riders. A full-time injury prevention coordinator collaborating with law enforcement provided electronic and mechanical simulations with discussions regarding helmet use, alcohol avoidance, and responsible motorcycle riding for area high school students. This program coincided with the second half of our 11-year study. Multiple regression analysis evaluated predictors for head injury and death. Results: Unhelmeted motorcyclists suffered worse head injuries, (OR 8.8, CI 1.6-2.4, P <.001), more severe overall injury (OR 10, CI 12.7-18.6, P <.001), and higher mortality (OR 2.7, CI.02-.15, P <.001). Local motorcycle-related trauma center admissions and deaths have stabilized in recent years while statewide motorcycle crashes have increased (P <.05). Discussion: Unhelmeted motorcyclists suffer worse head injuries and mortality rates. Physician-led outreach efforts for injury prevention may be effective. Trauma surgeons have ongoing opportunities to promote responsible motorcycle riding for schools and local communities.

It is unknown if basic motorcycle training prevents crashes, injuries, or deaths on public roadways. This research analyzes the participants of the Motorcycle Safety Foundation’s Basic RiderCourse updated to understand risk-taking tendencies, personal protective equipment usage, and favorability of the Basic RiderCourse. Data gathered from 168 Basic RiderCourse updated participants in Central Illinois from a pre-test post-test quantitative design using a gain score analysis comprise the methodology. The resulting analysis determined the Basic RiderCourse updated created a positive learning environment and student were more likely to wear personal protective equipment after participating in the course, but the risk-taking behavior and decision making did not change. To further reduce injuries and deaths on public roadways, this research suggests a comprehensive program review of the Basic RiderCourse updated.

Master of Science / Department of Civil Engineering / Sunanda Dissanayake / Over the past few years, motorcycle fatalities have increased at an alarming rate in the United States. Motorcycle safety issues in Kansas are no different from the national scenario. Accordingly, this study attempted to investigate motorcycle crashes in Kansas to identify critical characteristics and to evaluate the effect of those on motorcycle crash injury outcomes. State-level motorcycle rider fatality rates were investigated while considering various factors including helmet laws, using generalized least squares regression modeling. A detailed characteristic analysis was carried out for motorcycle crashes, using Kansas crash data. Comparisons were made between several aspects of motorcycle crashes and other vehicle crashes. Analysis using Logistic regression was performed on Kansas motorcycle crash data to identify factor affecting fatal motorcycle crashes. In addition, a survey was conducted focusing on identifying motorcycle rider behaviors, helmet usage patterns, perception towards helmet laws in Kansas, potential problems, crash contributory factors, and difficulty levels of different motorcycle maneuvers to execute. Ordered probit modeling was used to identity factors contributing to increased severity of Kansas motorcycle riders involved in crashes. Results from state-level modeling showed statistically significant relationships between motorcycle fatality rates in a given state as well as several other factors. These factors included weather-related conditions, helmet laws, per capita income, highway mileage of rural roads, population density, education, demographic distributions, and motorcycle registrations in the state. The study showed that states with mandatory helmet laws had 5.6% fewer motorcycle fatalities per 10,000 registrations and 7.85% fewer motorcycle fatalities per 100,000 populations. Characteristic analysis of motorcycle crashes in Kansas revealed that motorcycle maneuvers such as overtaking, motorcyclists being older than 40 years, using motorcycle helmets, using motorcycle helmets and eye protection simultaneously, daytime riding, crashes occurring on roadside shoulders, and influence of alcohol among the riders during crashes had higher risk of ending up as a fatal motorcycle crash in Kansas. Results from the survey conducted among motorcycle riders in Kansas revealed that 71% of respondents thought drivers of other vehicles were the single biggest threat to their own safety. Survey results also revealed that 64% of respondents opposed a mandatory law requiring motorcycle riders and passengers to wear helmets in Kansas. Result from the ordered probit modeling of motorcycle rider injury severity showed that overturned and fixed-object motorcycle crashes, helmet use, younger motorcycle riders, speeding, presence of alcohol among motorcycle riders, and good weather contributed to increased severity of injury of motorcycle riders involved in crashes in Kansas.

Este trabalho apresenta um modelo de previsão de acidentes com a participação de motocicletas que foi desenvolvido a partir do método da análise de regressão estatística adaptado às particularidades técnicas das rodovias do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul. O objetivo do trabalho é gerar uma ferramenta que possibilite prever o número de acidentes a partir da combinação do nível de exposição veicular associada com os prováveis fatores de risco deste peculiar ambiente. Com esta finalidade, é confrontado o número de acidentes observados com relação às características técnicas das rodovias investigadas com o intuito de avaliar os fatores de risco. Nove variáveis de controle representando atributos físicos, funcionais, econômicos e legais das rodovias foram analisadas sob diversos parâmetros tais como: largura da plataforma, sinuosidade; inclinação, intersecções, condição do pavimento, tráfego de veículos, tráfego de caminhões, urbanização e dispositivos de controle de tráfego. A aplicação do método estatístico permite classificar as rodovias mais importantes quanto ao nível de acidentes; identificar, mensurar e avaliar os fatores de risco; estimar a probabilidade média para a realização do evento sinistro e simular, em nível de projeto, a ocorrência futura de acidentes. Uma vez processado, o modelo obteve um fator de explicação (R2) para os dados em torno de 96%. As variáveis de controle que apresentaram maior efeito na variável de resposta foram obtidas através do tráfego de veículos seguido da largura da plataforma da rodovia. Após a análise do modelo, as rodovias com maior fator de propensão para acidentes foram a ERS734 sendo seguida pela ERS118 e ERS130. Os resultados que foram obtidos indicaram que a frota de motocicletas do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul - Brasil apresenta um risco de envolvimento em acidentes duas vezes maior que aquela incorrida pela frota dos Estados Unido e três vezes maior que aquela apresentada pela frota do Reino Unido. / This article presents an accident prediction model with the participation of motorcycles, developed by statistical regression analysis adapted to the technical peculiarities of the roads of the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The aim of the model is to generate a tool to allow predicting the number of accidents based on the combination of vehicle exposure level with possible risk factors. The number of accidents observed is compared with road technical characteristics, aiming at evaluating risk factors. Nine control variables, representing physical, functional, economical and legal road attributes, were analyzed as to different parameters, such as platform width; sinuosity; inclination; junctions ; pavement condition; vehicle traffic; truck traffic; urbanization; and traffic control devices. The application of the statistical method allows the classification of the most important roads in terms of accident level; to identify, measure, and evaluate risk factors; to estimate mean accident probability; and to simulate, at project level, the future occurrence of accidents. Once processed, the model obtained an explanation factor (R2) for the data around 96%. Vehicle traffic, followed by highway platform width had the highest effect on the response variable. After being analyzed by the model, ERS734, followed by ERS118, and ERS130 presented the highest accident probability factor. The results obtained indicated that the risk of motorcycles being involved in accidents in the state of Rio Grande do Sul is twice as high as in the USA, and three times higher than in the United Kingdom.