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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
11

Multi-Tier Inventory Systems With Space Constraints

Jernigan, Stephanie A. 12 April 2004 (has links)
In the warehouse of a large cosmetics company, a mechanized order picker is restocked from nearby shelving, and the shelving is restocked from bulk storage, forming a three-tier inventory system. We consider such multi-tier inventory systems and determine the storage areas to which to assign items, and the quantities in which to store them, in order to minimize the total cost of picking items and restocking storage locations. With this research, we increase the number of inventory systems for which simple search algorithms find a provably near-optimal solution. The model and method were tested on data from the Avon Products distribution center outside Atlanta; the solution identified by the model reduced picking and restocking costs there by 20%. The sales forecasts of items stored in the warehouse may change, however, and new items will be introduced into the inventory system and others removed. To account for these changes, some warehouses may periodically reassign items to storage areas and recompute their storage quantities. These reassignment activities account for additional costs in the warehouse. The second focus of this research examines these costs over several time periods in a simple multi-tier inventory system. We develop heuristics to determine the storage areas to which to assign items and the quantities in which to store them in each time period, in order to minimize the total cost of picking items, restocking storage locations, and reassigning skus over multiple periods.
12

An Assessment Of A Two-echelon Inventory System Againstalternative Systems

Ozpamukcu, Serkan 01 December 2011 (has links) (PDF)
In this study, we focus on a real life problem that involves a single item which is used in military operations. The items in use fail according to a Poisson process and lead times are deterministic. Four alternative inventory control models are developed. Among these models, a two-echelon system consisting of a depot in the upper and several bases in the lower echelon is operated currently. This system is compared to a single-echelon system that consists of several bases. The comparison reveals the importance of the holding cost incurred for the items intransit between the depot and the base which is ignored in most of the studies in literature. Both the two and single-echelon models are also extended to have repair ability. A continuous-review base-stock policy is used for all models. Exact models are formulated. The results are obtained under various lead time, unit costs and demand parameters. Results of four different settings are compared and the findings are reported.
13

Gestão dos estoques numa cadeia de distribuição com sistema de reposição automática e ambiente colaborativo. / Multi-echelon inventory management with automatic replenishment program and collaborative environment.

Dias, George Paulus Pereira 01 July 2003 (has links)
O foco dessa dissertação está na gestão de estoques em sistemas multicamadas. O modelo de simulação construído considera o desempenho histórico de uma cadeia de distribuição de medicamentos versus a política de gestão proposta. Os objetivos principais do trabalho são: a avaliação quantitativa da política de cálculo de necessidades aplicada na gestão de sistemas multicamadas, a verificação da importância da cooperação entre os elos da cadeia de distribuição para gestão do fluxo de materiais e o estudo das curvas que representam o dilema ‘nível de serviço’ versus ‘custo total da cadeia’. O modelo considera o fluxo de materiais a partir do estoque em processo do laboratório até a venda para as farmácias, que pode ser aproximada pela demanda dos medicamentos visto que os estoques das farmácias são relativamente pequenos e constantes ao longo do tempo. A modelagem de custos leva em conta o custo de estoque do laboratório e dos distribuidores, o custo de pedido dos distribuidores, o custo de transporte, o custo de entrega com atraso do laboratório e o custo de venda perdida dos distribuidores. Especificamente, são considerados cenários com e sem o compartilhamento de informações entre as empresas da cadeia. Consideram-se também cenários com e sem sazonalidade na demanda. Inicialmente, cada cenário simulado é preparado com a definição do ‘período transitório da simulação’, ‘horizonte de simulação’ e ‘número de réplicas’ necessárias. Depois disso, é feito o delineamento de experimentos para identificar quais variáveis de decisão têm efeito significativo sobre o custo total da cadeia. Finalmente, é feita uma busca da parametrização de cada um dos cenários que apresente o melhor custo total da cadeia. Os resultados da simulação mostraram que as práticas atualmente empregadas na gestão dos estoques das empresas podem ter seu desempenho melhorado com a utilização da política simulada na pesquisa. Os cenários nos quais se considerou o compartilhamento de informações tiveram desempenhos semelhantes aos sem esse compartilhamento. Dessa forma, para a política simulada, conclui-se que o valor do compartilhamento de informações foi relativamente pequeno. Nas simulações pode-se verificar a melhoria simultânea do nível de serviço e do nível de estoques da cadeia. Isso mostra que a política simulada mudou o dilema (trade-off) que interliga antagonicamente essas duas características de desempenho do sistema. / This dissertation focuses on the inventory management for multi-echelon systems. The simulation model proposes a new inventory management policy and compares it to the historical performance of a medicine supply chain. The main objectives of this research are: the quantitative analysis of the method used for the calculation of material requirements in multi-echelon systems; the verification of the importance of the cooperation between the components of the supply chain to the material flow management; and the analysis of the curves which represent the trade-off between ‘service level’ and ‘total cost’. The model takes into account the material flow from the laboratory’s ‘work in process’ up to the sales to the drugstores, which can be approximated by the demand of the final consumer, since the inventory kept by drugstores is relatively small and constant in time. The costs are calculated considering: the laboratory’s and distributors’ inventory costs, the cost of orders from the distributors, the transportation cost, the laboratory’s cost of late delivery and the distributors’ cost of lost sales. Scenarios with and without the sharing of information between the components of the supply chain were both considered. The same is true for scenarios with and without seasonality in the demand. Initially, each scenario was prepared with the definition of the ‘warm-up’ period, the simulation horizon and the amount of required replications. Secondly, the design of experiments (DOE) was done in order to determine which decision variables have influence on the supply chain total cost. Finally, each scenario was tested with many different parameters in order to find the lowest cost for the supply chain. The simulation results have showed that the procedures currently applied for the inventory management can have their performance improved by the use of the policy proposed in this research. The results for the scenarios with the sharing of information were similar to the ones for the scenarios without the sharing. For that reason, we can conclude that, for the proposed inventory management policy, the value of the sharing of information through the supply chain was relatively small. In the simulations, both the ‘service level’ and the ‘total cost’ have improved. In this manner, it can be said that the new policy has improved this trade-off.
14

A heuristic approach to supply chain network design in a multi-commodity four-echelon logistics system

Farias, Everton da Silveira January 2016 (has links)
Nesta tese propõe-se um método heurístico para o problema de Projeto de Rede da Cadeia de Suprimentos (Supply Chain Network Design) considerando vários aspectos de relevância prática, tais como: fornecedores e matérias-primas, localização e operação de instalações, atribuição de Centros de Distribuição (CD), e grande número de clientes e produtos. Uma eficiente abordagem heurística de duas fases é proposta para a obtenção de soluções viáveis para os problemas, que inicialmente é modelado como um Programa Linear Inteiro Misto (PLIM) de grande escala. Na fase de construção, uma estratégia de Linear Programming Rounding é aplicada para se obter os valores iniciais para as variáveis de localização inteira do modelo. Simultaneamente, um método Multi-start foi desenvolvido para gerar soluções iniciais diversificadas para cada nova iteração da heurística de Rounding. Na segunda fase, dois procedimentos de Busca Local foram desenvolvidos no sentido de melhorar a solução fornecida pelo método de Rounding. Implementamos duas diferentes abordagens de Busca Local: remoção-inserção e troca. Uma técnica de Busca Tabu para orientar o procedimento de Busca Local para explorar os diferentes espaços de soluções foi desenvolvida. As formulações e algoritmos foram implementados na linguagem C++ utilizando ferramentas de otimização da COIN-OR. O método de solução foi experimentado em instâncias geradas aleatoriamente, com tamanhos diferentes em termos do número de parâmetros, tais como o número de produtos, zonas de clientes, CDs e fábricas considerando um sistema logístico de quatro níveis. As implementações computacionais mostram que o método de solução proposto obteve resultados satisfatórios quando comparados com a literatura. Para validar este método heurístico também foi usado em um caso realista, com base em dados de uma empresa de borracha que está reestruturando sua cadeia de suprimentos devido ao projeto de uma nova uma nova fábrica e produção de novos produtos. A abordagem heurística proposta revelou-se adequada para aplicação prática em um caso real de uma indústria multicommodity em um contexto determinístico. / In this thesis we propose a heuristic method for the Supply Chain Network Design (SCND) problem considering several aspects of practical relevance: suppliers and raw materials, location and operation facilities, distribution center (DC) assignments, and large numbers of customers and products. An efficient two-phase heuristic approach is proposed for obtaining feasible solutions to the problems, which is initially modeled as a large-scale Mixed Integer Linear Program (MILP). In the construction phase, a linear programming rounding strategy is applied to obtain initial values for the integer location variables in the model. Simultaneously, a Multi-start method was developed to generate diversified initial solutions from each new iteration in the rounding heuristic. In the second phase, two Local Search procedures were developed towards to improve the solution provided by the rounding method. We implemented two different Local Search approaches: removal-insertion and exchange. A Tabu Search technique was developed to guide the Local Search procedure to explore the different spaces of solutions. The formulations and algorithms were implemented in C++ code language using the optimization engine COIN-OR. The solution method was experimented in randomly generated instances, with different sizes in terms of the number of parameters, such as number of products, customer zones, DCs, and factories considering a four-echelon logistic system. The computational implementations show that the solution method proposed obtained satisfactory results when compared to the literature review. To validate this heuristic method was also used in a realistic case, based on data from a rubber company that is restructuring its supply chain due to the overture of a new factory, producing new products. The proposed heuristic approach proved appropriate to practical application in a realistic case of a multi commodity industry in a deterministic context.
15

Models and Methods for the City Logistics: The Two-Echelon Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem

Gonzalez-Feliu, Jesus 12 May 2008 (has links) (PDF)
La distribution de marchandises est un secteur en constant développement et constitue un facteur économique important. Par contre, dans les villes, il contribue notamment aux problèmes de congestion, pollution, bruit et d'autres dérangements à la population des villes. Pour faire face à ces problèmes, une nouvelle discipline est née à la fin du XXe siècle, la " City Logistics ", qui a comme objectifs principaux la réduction de la congestion, la pollution et le bruit occasionné par le transport de marchandises en ville. Dans les dernières années, plusieurs études et expériences se sont développées en toute l'Europe, mais pour l'instant une politique commune en matière de logistique urbaine n'a pas encore été proposée par l'Union Européenne. En Italie, seulement certaines villes de petite taille ont expérimenté des politiques de " city logistics " avec succès, mais sans un lien entre elles. Nous observons que ces expériences utilisent des centres urbains de distribution de marchandises, ce qui peut se traduire en un système de transport à deux ou plus niveaux. Plusieurs études en recherche opérationnelle ont traité des problématiques liées à des systèmes à niveaux multiples pour la distribution de marchandise. Néanmoins, l'optimisation des coûts de transport est en générale réalisé en considérant chaque niveau indépendant des autres, ou en approximant les coûts du transport dans certains niveaux pour simplifier. Un autre problème est le manque d'une unification de la terminologie utilisée dans ces études, qui difficulte la recherche bibliographique. Le but de cette recherche est, d'un coté, proposer des lignes guide d'accion en matière de planification de la distribution urbaine de marchandises, en unifiant certains termes, et d'un autre coté présenter une famille de problèmes d'optimisation de routes des véhicules qui considère les systèmes à niveaux multiples dans son ensemble et pas comme une somme de systèmes indépendants. Dans un premier temps, nous présentons les principales expériences de " city logistics " en Italie, ainsi que des lignes d'action dans la planification des systèmes de distribution urbaine des marchandises qui puissent devenir opérationnels et efficients. Ensuite nous présentons les principales problématiques et limites de l'optimisation de systèmes de transports à niveaux multiples, en unifiant les concepts et la notation. Nous proposons une nouvelle famille de problèmes d'optimisation de routes de véhicules pour des systèmes à niveaux multiples, en détaillant le cas basique : le problème de routes de véhicules à deux niveaux. Nous proposons des modèles mathématiques pour ce problème et des résultats numériques pour illustrer les avantages et les limites de la modélisation de ces systèmes.
16

A heuristic approach to supply chain network design in a multi-commodity four-echelon logistics system

Farias, Everton da Silveira January 2016 (has links)
Nesta tese propõe-se um método heurístico para o problema de Projeto de Rede da Cadeia de Suprimentos (Supply Chain Network Design) considerando vários aspectos de relevância prática, tais como: fornecedores e matérias-primas, localização e operação de instalações, atribuição de Centros de Distribuição (CD), e grande número de clientes e produtos. Uma eficiente abordagem heurística de duas fases é proposta para a obtenção de soluções viáveis para os problemas, que inicialmente é modelado como um Programa Linear Inteiro Misto (PLIM) de grande escala. Na fase de construção, uma estratégia de Linear Programming Rounding é aplicada para se obter os valores iniciais para as variáveis de localização inteira do modelo. Simultaneamente, um método Multi-start foi desenvolvido para gerar soluções iniciais diversificadas para cada nova iteração da heurística de Rounding. Na segunda fase, dois procedimentos de Busca Local foram desenvolvidos no sentido de melhorar a solução fornecida pelo método de Rounding. Implementamos duas diferentes abordagens de Busca Local: remoção-inserção e troca. Uma técnica de Busca Tabu para orientar o procedimento de Busca Local para explorar os diferentes espaços de soluções foi desenvolvida. As formulações e algoritmos foram implementados na linguagem C++ utilizando ferramentas de otimização da COIN-OR. O método de solução foi experimentado em instâncias geradas aleatoriamente, com tamanhos diferentes em termos do número de parâmetros, tais como o número de produtos, zonas de clientes, CDs e fábricas considerando um sistema logístico de quatro níveis. As implementações computacionais mostram que o método de solução proposto obteve resultados satisfatórios quando comparados com a literatura. Para validar este método heurístico também foi usado em um caso realista, com base em dados de uma empresa de borracha que está reestruturando sua cadeia de suprimentos devido ao projeto de uma nova uma nova fábrica e produção de novos produtos. A abordagem heurística proposta revelou-se adequada para aplicação prática em um caso real de uma indústria multicommodity em um contexto determinístico. / In this thesis we propose a heuristic method for the Supply Chain Network Design (SCND) problem considering several aspects of practical relevance: suppliers and raw materials, location and operation facilities, distribution center (DC) assignments, and large numbers of customers and products. An efficient two-phase heuristic approach is proposed for obtaining feasible solutions to the problems, which is initially modeled as a large-scale Mixed Integer Linear Program (MILP). In the construction phase, a linear programming rounding strategy is applied to obtain initial values for the integer location variables in the model. Simultaneously, a Multi-start method was developed to generate diversified initial solutions from each new iteration in the rounding heuristic. In the second phase, two Local Search procedures were developed towards to improve the solution provided by the rounding method. We implemented two different Local Search approaches: removal-insertion and exchange. A Tabu Search technique was developed to guide the Local Search procedure to explore the different spaces of solutions. The formulations and algorithms were implemented in C++ code language using the optimization engine COIN-OR. The solution method was experimented in randomly generated instances, with different sizes in terms of the number of parameters, such as number of products, customer zones, DCs, and factories considering a four-echelon logistic system. The computational implementations show that the solution method proposed obtained satisfactory results when compared to the literature review. To validate this heuristic method was also used in a realistic case, based on data from a rubber company that is restructuring its supply chain due to the overture of a new factory, producing new products. The proposed heuristic approach proved appropriate to practical application in a realistic case of a multi commodity industry in a deterministic context.
17

Algorithmes d'approximation pour la gestion de stock / Approximation algorithms for inventory control models

Massonnet, Guillaume 04 April 2013 (has links)
Nous considérons des problèmes de gestion des stocks multi-échelon à temps périodique avec des demandes non stationnaires. Ces hypothèses sur la demande apparaissent notamment lorsque des prévisions sur la demande sont utilisées dynamiquement (de nouvelles prévisions sont fournies à chaque période). La structure des coûts comprend des coûts fixes et variables d’approvisionnement, des coûts de stockage et des coûts de mise en attente des demandes. Le délai d’approvisionnement est supposé constant. Le problème consistant à déterminer la politique optimale qui minimise les coûts sur un horizon fini peut être formulé grâce à un programme dynamique. Dans le cadre déterministe, les problèmes auxquels nous nous intéressons sont le plus souvent NP-difficiles, ce qui fait rapidement exploser l’espace d’état. Il devient alors nécessaire de recourir à des heuristiques. Nous nous orientons vers la recherche d'algorithmes d'approximation combinatoires pour le problème One Warehouse Multi Retailers et plus généralement pour des systèmes de distribution divergents. Nous nous intéresserons dans un premier temps à des systèmes de distribution à deux étages avec un entrepôt central et des entrepôts secondaires qui voient la demande finale. Dans un deuxième temps, des structures logistiques plus complexes pourront être considérées. L’objectif sera de proposer des heuristiques originales, basées sur des techniques de répartition des coûts, de les comparer numériquement à la politique optimale sur de petites instances et, si possible, d’établir des garanties de performance. / Inventory management has always been a major component of the field of operations research and numerous models derived from the industry aroused the interest of both the researchers and the practitioners. Within this framework, our work focuses on several classical inventory problems, for which no tractable method is known to compute an optimal solution. Specifically, we study deterministic models, in which the demands of the customers are known in advance, and we propose approximation techniques for each of the corresponding problems that build feasible approximate solutions while remaining computationally tractable. We first consider continuous-time models with a single facility when demand and holding costs are time-dependent. We present a simple technique that balances the different costs incurred by the system and we use this concept to build approximation methods for a large class of such problems. The second part of our work focuses on a discrete time model, in which a central warehouse supplies several retailers facing the final customers demands. This problem is known to be NP-hard, thus finding an optimal solution in polynomial time is unrealistic unless P=NP. We introduce a new decomposition of the system into simple subproblems and a method to recombine the solutions to these subproblems into a feasible solution to the original problem. The resulting algorithm has a constant performance guarantee and can be extended to several generalizations of the system, including more general cost structures and problems with backlogging or lost-sales.
18

A heuristic approach to supply chain network design in a multi-commodity four-echelon logistics system

Farias, Everton da Silveira January 2016 (has links)
Nesta tese propõe-se um método heurístico para o problema de Projeto de Rede da Cadeia de Suprimentos (Supply Chain Network Design) considerando vários aspectos de relevância prática, tais como: fornecedores e matérias-primas, localização e operação de instalações, atribuição de Centros de Distribuição (CD), e grande número de clientes e produtos. Uma eficiente abordagem heurística de duas fases é proposta para a obtenção de soluções viáveis para os problemas, que inicialmente é modelado como um Programa Linear Inteiro Misto (PLIM) de grande escala. Na fase de construção, uma estratégia de Linear Programming Rounding é aplicada para se obter os valores iniciais para as variáveis de localização inteira do modelo. Simultaneamente, um método Multi-start foi desenvolvido para gerar soluções iniciais diversificadas para cada nova iteração da heurística de Rounding. Na segunda fase, dois procedimentos de Busca Local foram desenvolvidos no sentido de melhorar a solução fornecida pelo método de Rounding. Implementamos duas diferentes abordagens de Busca Local: remoção-inserção e troca. Uma técnica de Busca Tabu para orientar o procedimento de Busca Local para explorar os diferentes espaços de soluções foi desenvolvida. As formulações e algoritmos foram implementados na linguagem C++ utilizando ferramentas de otimização da COIN-OR. O método de solução foi experimentado em instâncias geradas aleatoriamente, com tamanhos diferentes em termos do número de parâmetros, tais como o número de produtos, zonas de clientes, CDs e fábricas considerando um sistema logístico de quatro níveis. As implementações computacionais mostram que o método de solução proposto obteve resultados satisfatórios quando comparados com a literatura. Para validar este método heurístico também foi usado em um caso realista, com base em dados de uma empresa de borracha que está reestruturando sua cadeia de suprimentos devido ao projeto de uma nova uma nova fábrica e produção de novos produtos. A abordagem heurística proposta revelou-se adequada para aplicação prática em um caso real de uma indústria multicommodity em um contexto determinístico. / In this thesis we propose a heuristic method for the Supply Chain Network Design (SCND) problem considering several aspects of practical relevance: suppliers and raw materials, location and operation facilities, distribution center (DC) assignments, and large numbers of customers and products. An efficient two-phase heuristic approach is proposed for obtaining feasible solutions to the problems, which is initially modeled as a large-scale Mixed Integer Linear Program (MILP). In the construction phase, a linear programming rounding strategy is applied to obtain initial values for the integer location variables in the model. Simultaneously, a Multi-start method was developed to generate diversified initial solutions from each new iteration in the rounding heuristic. In the second phase, two Local Search procedures were developed towards to improve the solution provided by the rounding method. We implemented two different Local Search approaches: removal-insertion and exchange. A Tabu Search technique was developed to guide the Local Search procedure to explore the different spaces of solutions. The formulations and algorithms were implemented in C++ code language using the optimization engine COIN-OR. The solution method was experimented in randomly generated instances, with different sizes in terms of the number of parameters, such as number of products, customer zones, DCs, and factories considering a four-echelon logistic system. The computational implementations show that the solution method proposed obtained satisfactory results when compared to the literature review. To validate this heuristic method was also used in a realistic case, based on data from a rubber company that is restructuring its supply chain due to the overture of a new factory, producing new products. The proposed heuristic approach proved appropriate to practical application in a realistic case of a multi commodity industry in a deterministic context.
19

Gestão dos estoques numa cadeia de distribuição com sistema de reposição automática e ambiente colaborativo. / Multi-echelon inventory management with automatic replenishment program and collaborative environment.

George Paulus Pereira Dias 01 July 2003 (has links)
O foco dessa dissertação está na gestão de estoques em sistemas multicamadas. O modelo de simulação construído considera o desempenho histórico de uma cadeia de distribuição de medicamentos versus a política de gestão proposta. Os objetivos principais do trabalho são: a avaliação quantitativa da política de cálculo de necessidades aplicada na gestão de sistemas multicamadas, a verificação da importância da cooperação entre os elos da cadeia de distribuição para gestão do fluxo de materiais e o estudo das curvas que representam o dilema ‘nível de serviço’ versus ‘custo total da cadeia’. O modelo considera o fluxo de materiais a partir do estoque em processo do laboratório até a venda para as farmácias, que pode ser aproximada pela demanda dos medicamentos visto que os estoques das farmácias são relativamente pequenos e constantes ao longo do tempo. A modelagem de custos leva em conta o custo de estoque do laboratório e dos distribuidores, o custo de pedido dos distribuidores, o custo de transporte, o custo de entrega com atraso do laboratório e o custo de venda perdida dos distribuidores. Especificamente, são considerados cenários com e sem o compartilhamento de informações entre as empresas da cadeia. Consideram-se também cenários com e sem sazonalidade na demanda. Inicialmente, cada cenário simulado é preparado com a definição do ‘período transitório da simulação’, ‘horizonte de simulação’ e ‘número de réplicas’ necessárias. Depois disso, é feito o delineamento de experimentos para identificar quais variáveis de decisão têm efeito significativo sobre o custo total da cadeia. Finalmente, é feita uma busca da parametrização de cada um dos cenários que apresente o melhor custo total da cadeia. Os resultados da simulação mostraram que as práticas atualmente empregadas na gestão dos estoques das empresas podem ter seu desempenho melhorado com a utilização da política simulada na pesquisa. Os cenários nos quais se considerou o compartilhamento de informações tiveram desempenhos semelhantes aos sem esse compartilhamento. Dessa forma, para a política simulada, conclui-se que o valor do compartilhamento de informações foi relativamente pequeno. Nas simulações pode-se verificar a melhoria simultânea do nível de serviço e do nível de estoques da cadeia. Isso mostra que a política simulada mudou o dilema (trade-off) que interliga antagonicamente essas duas características de desempenho do sistema. / This dissertation focuses on the inventory management for multi-echelon systems. The simulation model proposes a new inventory management policy and compares it to the historical performance of a medicine supply chain. The main objectives of this research are: the quantitative analysis of the method used for the calculation of material requirements in multi-echelon systems; the verification of the importance of the cooperation between the components of the supply chain to the material flow management; and the analysis of the curves which represent the trade-off between ‘service level’ and ‘total cost’. The model takes into account the material flow from the laboratory’s ‘work in process’ up to the sales to the drugstores, which can be approximated by the demand of the final consumer, since the inventory kept by drugstores is relatively small and constant in time. The costs are calculated considering: the laboratory’s and distributors’ inventory costs, the cost of orders from the distributors, the transportation cost, the laboratory’s cost of late delivery and the distributors’ cost of lost sales. Scenarios with and without the sharing of information between the components of the supply chain were both considered. The same is true for scenarios with and without seasonality in the demand. Initially, each scenario was prepared with the definition of the ‘warm-up’ period, the simulation horizon and the amount of required replications. Secondly, the design of experiments (DOE) was done in order to determine which decision variables have influence on the supply chain total cost. Finally, each scenario was tested with many different parameters in order to find the lowest cost for the supply chain. The simulation results have showed that the procedures currently applied for the inventory management can have their performance improved by the use of the policy proposed in this research. The results for the scenarios with the sharing of information were similar to the ones for the scenarios without the sharing. For that reason, we can conclude that, for the proposed inventory management policy, the value of the sharing of information through the supply chain was relatively small. In the simulations, both the ‘service level’ and the ‘total cost’ have improved. In this manner, it can be said that the new policy has improved this trade-off.
20

Heuristic Mathematical Programming Methods for Lot-sizing, Inventory Control, and Distribution Cost Estimation in the Supply Chain

Samuelsson, Björn January 2017 (has links)
The supply function has an important role to support the business to create a customer value. Two important parts of this process is to have the warehouses and production sites in the right location and to have the right items stocked at the right level.   This thesis is concerned with those two parts of the supply chain management. Three different areas of inventory control are dealt with. In the first part we consider the classical dynamic lot size problem without backlogging. The second part deals with estimation of holding and shortage costs in two-level distribution inventory systems. In the third part of the thesis we consider the localisation problem in a multi-level supply network system where items are consolidated at a warehouse and distributed to customers on routes.   Within the area of inventory control we have evaluated a method earlier suggested by Axsäter (1988), the method is evaluated using a set of test problems and compared other heuristic methods, including the well-known Silver-Meal’s method (Silver and Meal, 1973).  The result shows that the method suggested by Axsäter does perform better than the other methods. In the latest contribution we point to the important differences between Least Period Cost and Silver-Meal when several periods have zero demand. In the area of inventory control we have also studied a two-echelon inventory system where we present methods for estimating the shortage- and stockholding costs in such inventory systems.   The second part subject of the thesis concerns supply network optimization. We present a MIP formulation of the problem and evaluate in detail the approximation of the distribution cost when customers are delivered on multi-stop routes. An improved method for estimating the distribution is presented.   Besides this introductory overview five research papers are included in the thesis. The first and the last paper consider evaluation of dynamic lot sizing heuristics. The second and third paper deals with cost evaluation of a stochastic two-echelon inventory system and the forth paper with evaluation of methods for estimating distribution costs in a supply network.

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