Nous passons la majeure partie de notre vie dans des bâtiments. Ces derniers ont été construits, pour la plupart, avant les chocs pétroliers de 1974 et 1979, et offrent une performance énergétique médiocre ainsi que des conditions de confort (thermique, acoustique, éclairement naturel) largement améliorables. En France, avec 32 millions de logements et un taux de renouvellement annuel du parc existant inférieur à 1 %, la rénovation énergétique des logements devient une nécessité. Cela, autant pour des raisons politiques (indépendances énergétiques), économiques (relance des emplois de la construction, valorisation du patrimoine), sociales (bien-être des occupants, lutte contre la précarité), qu'environnementales (diminutions des émissions des gaz à effet de serre). Ce travail de thèse vise à proposer des connaissances ainsi qu'une méthodologie afin de contribuer à l'aide à la décision pour la prescription de scénarios d'amélioration énergétique efficaces des maisons individuelles construites durant la période 1945-1974. Trois problématiques sont mises en avant dans cette recherche. 1) l'intégration de l'approche globale (systémique et multicritère) de la rénovation afin d'éviter des contre-performances collatérales dues à des mauvais choix ; 2) l'aide à la formalisation des préférences des propriétaires-occupants (notre maîtrise d'ouvrage) dans un format interprétable par des outils d'analyses multicritères ; 3) l'intégration des incertitudes liées à la caractérisation des bâtiments existants dans le processus d'élaboration des scénarios et d'aide à la décision. À travers une description systémique des bâtiments et une évaluation multicritères des performances des actions d'amélioration retenues, nous proposons une méthodologie innovante, constituée de 6 sous-modèles techniques modulables et interchangeables, qui vise à automatiser le processus de construction, d'évaluation et de hiérarchisation performantielle de scénarios de rénovation. Le cœur de notre méthodologie est basé sur la formalisation de l'expertise métier des spécialistes du bâtiment dans deux de nos 6 sous-modèles. Le premier est une matrice d'influence permettant de passer des enjeux de rénovation les plus courants (équivalent aux préférences exprimées par la maîtrise d'ouvrage) en profil de poids relatifs et profil de niveaux-cibles de performance sur les indicateurs modélisés. Le second, est un outil d'inférence probabiliste (utilisant la technologie des réseaux bayésiens) permettant à la fois d'optimiser les assemblages d'actions d'amélioration (programmation par contraintes successives) et de réaliser une évaluation multicritère de ces assemblages (par l'usage de fonctions d'agrégation de performances locales). Un sixième et dernier sous-modèle utilise les méthodes de surclassement ELECTRE pour trier et classer les alternatives de rénovation préalablement générées par ordre de préférence. Notre méthodologie offre enfin la possibilité de laisser l'utilisateur tester ses propres scénarios d'amélioration énergétique afin d'analyser leurs performances multicritères et leur compatibilité avec les caractéristiques de l'existant capitalisées lors du diagnostic technique d'une opération. La méthodologie développée se veut pédagogique et transposable dans un prototype d'outil informatique fonctionnel. Une première version a été développée et utilisée pour appliquer notre processus d'aide à la décision à un cas réel de maison individuelle à rénover. Les premiers résultats obtenus sont cohérents et permettent de valider la démarche. Néanmoins, il faut garder à l'esprit que comme tout modèle utilisant des connaissances expertes, sa robustesse et la limite de validité de son périmètre d'application dépendent de la qualité du savoir métier capitalisé. / We spend most of our lives in buildings. These were built mostly before the oil shocks of 1974 and 1979 and offer both poor energy performances and improvable comfort conditions (thermal, acoustic, natural lighting). In France, with 32 million units and an annual turnover of less than 1% of the existing building stock, the energy renovation of housing becomes a necessity. This, as much for political ends (energy dependence), economic reasons (revival of construction jobs, real-estate valorisation), social reasons (wellbeing of occupants), as environmental reasons (reduction of greenhouse gas emissions). This thesis aims to provide knowledge and a methodology to contribute to the decision support for prescribing efficient energy renovation scenarios of houses built during the 1945-1974 period. Three issues are highlighted in this research work: 1) the integration of an holistic approach of renovation process (systemic and multi-criteria) to avoid not foreseen collateral effects due to bad choices; 2) help formalize the preferences of decision-takers (homeowners) in a format interpretable by multi-criteria analysis tools; 3) integration of uncertainties related to the characterization of existing buildings in the process of scenarios generation and decision support. Through a systemic description of buildings and a multi-criteria performance assessment of formerly identified renovation actions, we propose an innovative methodology, consisted of 6 modular and interchangeable technical sub-models, which aims to automate the generation, assessment, optimization and performance-based ranking of renovation scenarios. The heart of the methodology is based on the formalization of renovation knowledge from construction specialists in two of our six sub-models. The first one is an influence matrix that we use to translate most common renovation goals (equivalent to the wishes expressed by homeowners) into a profile of relative weights and a profile of targeted-levels of performance on indicators modelled. The second one is a probabilistic inference tool (using the technology of bayesian networks) to both optimize assemblies of renovation actions (programming by successive constraints) and achieve multi-criteria evaluation of these assemblies (by the use of aggregation functions of local performances). A sixth and final sub-model uses the ELECTRE outranking methods to sort and classify, by preference order, renovation scenarios previously generated. At last, our methodology provides the ability to let users test their own energy renovation scenarios in order to analyze their multi-criteria performances and compatibility with the characteristics of the existing capitalized during the technical diagnosis of their building. The methodology proposed is intended to be educational and transposable into a functional computer system prototype. A first version was developed and used to apply our decision process to a real case of individual house to renovate. First results obtained are consistent and allow validating the approach. However, keep in mind that like any model using expert knowledge, robustness and validity limit of its scope of application depend on the quality of knowledge work capitalized.

The Federal Law No. 12.334 of 20 September 2010, established the National Policy on Dam Safety (NBSP), whose goal is to establish the baseline for evaluation and monitoring of the implementation of the policy, serving as a tool to analyze your effectiveness in reducing accidents and improving the safety management of Brazilian dams. The law defined a number of instruments, security management, making them mandatory thereafter. In compliance with art. 7 of the said Act, the National Water Resources Council established from the CNRH Resolution No. 143 (10 July 2012), the classification system by risk category and potential damage associated and vessel volume. According to this resolution, certain technical characteristics of the dam and the valley downstream, should be scored to classify dams according to the risk and potential damage associated. However, this work proposes a dam classification model in vulnerable categories, based on a multi-criteria decision support methodology - MCDA (MultiCriteria Decision Aid) which is characterized by adopting a constructivist approach. The multi-criteria method adopted is the MACBETH, implemented in computer readable M-MACBETH. / A Lei Federal n 12.334, de 20 de setembro de 2010, estabeleceu a PolÃtica Nacional de SeguranÃa de Barragens (PNSB), cujo objetivo à estabelecer a linha de base para avaliaÃÃo e acompanhamento da implementaÃÃo da referida polÃtica, servindo como ferramenta de anÃlise de sua efetividade na reduÃÃo de acidentes e na melhoria da gestÃo da seguranÃa das barragens brasileiras. A lei definiu uma sÃrie de instrumentos, de gestÃo da seguranÃa, tornando-os obrigatÃrios a partir de entÃo. Em atendimento ao art. 7 da referida Lei, o Conselho Nacional de Recursos HÃdricos estabeleceu, a partir da ResoluÃÃo CNRH N 143 (em 10 de julho de 2012), o sistema de classificaÃÃo por categoria de risco e de dano potencial associado e volume do reservatÃrio. De acordo com esta ResoluÃÃo, certas caracterÃsticas tÃcnicas da barragem e do vale à jusante, deverÃo ser pontuadas a fim de classificar as barragens em funÃÃo do risco e do dano potencial associado. Contudo, este trabalho, propÃe um modelo de classificaÃÃo de barragens em categorias de vulnerabilidade, baseado em uma metodologia multicritÃrio de apoio à decisÃo â MCDA (Multicriteria Decision Aid) que se caracteriza por adotar uma abordagem construtivista. O mÃtodo multicritÃrio adotado à o MACBETH, implementado no suporte informÃtico M-MACBETH.

A educação superior no Brasil exige que as instituições de ensino procurem melhorar suas práticas educacionais, com o objetivo de aumentar a qualidade de seus cursos. Neste trabalho foi desenvolvido um protocolo para avaliação do uso de Ambientes Virtuais de Aprendizagem em Instituições de Ensino Superior, com base em uma pesquisa sobre a utilização de ferramentas e recursos de AVA. Para tratamento dos dados do diagnóstico de utilização, são propostas duas metodologias multicritério de apoio à decisão, AHP para obtenção dos pesos dos critérios e Promethee para classificação dos cursos em grupos. Fez-se também uma comparação da aplicação deste protocolo em dois cenários distintos (cenário 1, com o mesmo valor de peso para todos os critérios e o cenário 2, com valores de pesos atribuídos segundo uma das possibilidades encontradas na literatura), de modo a propor alternativas que contribuam para aprimorar as práticas educacionais. / Higher education in Brazil requires that educational institutions seeking to improve their educational practices, in order to increase the quality of their courses. In this work we developed a protocol for evaluating the use of Virtual Learning Environments in Higher Education Institutions. For treatment of data from diagnostic use of two methodologies are proposed multicriteria decision support; AHP to obtain the weights of the criteria for classification of PROMETHEE and courses in groups. There was also a comparison of the implementation of this protocol in two different scenarios (scenario 1, with the same weight for all criteria and scenario 2, with values of weights assigned according to the possibilities found in the literature), in order to propose alternatives that contribute to improve educational practices.

Resumo: O reservatório da Usina Hidrelétrica Ilha Solteira localiza-se entre os estados de São Paulo, Mato Grosso do Sul, Minas Gerais e Goiás inserindo-se na Bacia Hidrográfica do Rio Paraná. Este reservatório foi construído com o objetivo de geração de energia, porém, como geralmente ocorre com a maioria dos reservatórios, passou a ser utilizado para múltiplas finalidades. Dentre os usos se destacam o transporte hidroviário, a irrigação, a aquicultura e o lazer. Devido à boa qualidade de suas águas, apresenta uma forte tendência ao aumento das utilizações deste recurso. Considerando que alguns aproveitamentos resultam em impactos e consequentes conflitos relacionados aos interesses de usos do recurso, é de suma importância o desenvolvimento de medidas disciplinadoras que visem à manutenção da qualidade da água. Nesse sentido, a presente proposta objetivou estabelecer uma hierarquia dos principais usos do reservatório considerando critérios econômicos, sociais, operacionais e a qualidade da água. Para tanto, adotou-se um Modelo Multicritério de Apoio à Decisão, onde, com a utilização do método Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), as modalidades de uso do reservatório foram priorizadas. De acordo com o constatado no presente estudo, o segmento de recreação e turismo apresentou o melhor desempenho nos critérios avaliados, sendo considerado como prioridade global para a utilização da água do reservatório de Ilha Solteira e de seus afluentes. O uso dos recursos hídricos para irrigação se mostrou interessante, sendo que foi apontado como prioridade em alguns municípios. A aquicultura aparece em terceiro lugar na ordem de prioridade, se destacando tanto em projetos da iniciativa privada como em projetos com investimentos públicos. A região apresentou um baixo uso dos recursos hídricos para o transporte hidroviário, sendo este segmento quase uma exclusividade... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The Ilha Solteira reservoir is located between the States of São Paulo, Mato Grosso do Sul, Minas Gerais and Goias, inserted in Paraná's river basin. This reservoir was built with the purpose of power generation, but as it usually happens with most reservoirs, it began to be used for multiple purposes. Among the various uses of the reservoir can be highlighted the navigation, the irrigation, the aquaculture and the recreation. Due to the high quality of its waters, there's a strong intent on increasing the use of this resource, being that some uses result in significant impact and therefore, conflicts of interest arise. It is then of utmost importance the creation of disciplinary measures targeted on maintaining water quality. In that sense, this proposal aims to establish a hierarchy of the main uses of the reservoir, considering the criteria economical, social, operational and the quality of the water. To that end, was adapted a Multi-Criteria Decision Support model, where, using the method of Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), the uses of the reservoir were prioritized. According to the results of this study, the segment of recreation and tourism showed the best performance on the evaluated criteria and was defined as the global priority concerning the water usage of the reservoir of Ilha Solteira and of their tributaries. The use of water resources for irrigation proved to be interesting, and it was appointed as a priority in some cities. The aquaculture appears in third place in the priority order, standing out so much in projects of the private initiative such as in projects with public investments. The region presented low use of water resources for waterborne transport, being that segment almost exclusiveness of the São Simão-GO city. The usage of the water to supply showed little expression on the cities in the region, however deserves attention for the volume of sewage... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Orientador: Milton Dall'Aglio Sobrinho / Coorientador: Maurício Augusto Leite / Banca: José Augusto de Lollo / Banca: Evaldo Luiz Gaeta Espíndola / Mestre

A educação superior no Brasil exige que as instituições de ensino procurem melhorar suas práticas educacionais, com o objetivo de aumentar a qualidade de seus cursos. Neste trabalho foi desenvolvido um protocolo para avaliação do uso de Ambientes Virtuais de Aprendizagem em Instituições de Ensino Superior, com base em uma pesquisa sobre a utilização de ferramentas e recursos de AVA. Para tratamento dos dados do diagnóstico de utilização, são propostas duas metodologias multicritério de apoio à decisão, AHP para obtenção dos pesos dos critérios e Promethee para classificação dos cursos em grupos. Fez-se também uma comparação da aplicação deste protocolo em dois cenários distintos (cenário 1, com o mesmo valor de peso para todos os critérios e o cenário 2, com valores de pesos atribuídos segundo uma das possibilidades encontradas na literatura), de modo a propor alternativas que contribuam para aprimorar as práticas educacionais. / Higher education in Brazil requires that educational institutions seeking to improve their educational practices, in order to increase the quality of their courses. In this work we developed a protocol for evaluating the use of Virtual Learning Environments in Higher Education Institutions. For treatment of data from diagnostic use of two methodologies are proposed multicriteria decision support; AHP to obtain the weights of the criteria for classification of PROMETHEE and courses in groups. There was also a comparison of the implementation of this protocol in two different scenarios (scenario 1, with the same weight for all criteria and scenario 2, with values of weights assigned according to the possibilities found in the literature), in order to propose alternatives that contribute to improve educational practices.

L’intégration de la recherche d’efficacité énergétique aux projets d’aménagement urbain est essentielle au vu du contexte actuel de transition énergétique et environnementale. Dans le but de réduire l’empreinte énergétique d’un quartier dès la phase de conception, un ensemble de contributions a été réalisé afin d’accompagner les aménageurs dans cette démarche. La plateforme de simulation DIMOSIM (DIstrict MOdeller and SIMulator) a été développée pour modéliser et simuler dynamiquement les flux énergétiques d’un quartier implanté au sein de son environnement urbain. La conception est optimisée à l’aide d’une procédure multiobjectif combinant les aspects énergétiques, économiques et environnementaux pour garantir la meilleure performance globale. Cette approche transversale est multi-étagée et intègre l’algorithme génétique NSGA-II afin de s’adapter aux spécificités du problème. La sélection de la solution préférentielle est ensuite facilitée par l’utilisation d’une méthode d’analyse multicritère de surclassement qui a été conçue dans le but de fournir une évaluation détaillée des différents concepts : la méthode ATLAS (Assistance TooL for decision support to Assess and Sort). Enfin, la procédure complète d’accompagnement a été appliquée à des projets de conception d’écoquartier pour en valider le fonctionnement mais également pour fournir l’aide à la décision nécessaire aux décideurs. / The integration of the research of energy efficiency into urban development projects is essential in the current context of energy and environmental transition. In order to reduce the energy footprint of a district already starting from the design phase, a set of contributions was elaborated to support the planners in this process. The DIMOSIM simulation platform (DIstrict MOdeller and SIMulator) has been developed to dynamically model and simulate the energy flows of a district located within its urban environment. The design of the district is optimized using a multi-objective procedure combining energy, economic and environmental aspects to ensure the best overall performance. A cross-cutting, multi-level approach integrating the NSGA-II genetic algorithm was implemented in order to adapt the procedure to the specificities of the problem. The selection of the preferred solution is then facilitated by the use of a multicriteria analysis method which was developed to provide a detailed evaluation of the different concepts : the outranking method ATLAS (Assistance TooL for decision support to assessment And Sort). Finally, the complete procedure dedicated to the district energy system design was applied to eco-district projects in order to validate its correct operation and also to provide the necessary support to decision-makers.

La RATP est l'exploitant et le gestionnaire du réseau de transport métropolitain de la ville de Paris et de sa banlieue proche. Actuellement, avec près de 10 millions de voyageurs par jour, il est l'un des réseaux les plus chargés au monde. Dans ce contexte de fortes exigences d'exploitation, les gestionnaires de la RATP doivent assurer la sécurité, la capacité de service et la pérennité d'un patrimoine d'infrastructures hétérogène et ancien. Mais les ressources disponibles sont, par nature, limitées et, dans ces circonstances, deux tâches deviennent essentielles : justifier les budgets nécessaires et optimiser les programmations de travaux de maintenance. Le système de maintenance actuel est fondé sur des inspections visuelles permettant de relever les désordres affectant l'état structurel des ouvrages. Ensuite, les gestionnaires doivent choisir et prioriser les ouvrages à entretenir en fonction de ces résultats et des différentes contraintes qui interviennent dans la gestion du patrimoine. Ce processus décisionnel est fondé sur l'expertise des gestionnaires et n'est pas formalisé. Ainsi, l'objectif de cette thèse consiste à développer un outil d'aide à la gestion patrimoniale qui réduise la variabilité intrinsèque des actions de surveillance visuelle et le manque de transparence dans les décisions. Pour fournir aux gestionnaires de la RATP un tel outil, cette recherche s'appuie sur les étapes suivantes :- La modélisation fonctionnelle des mécanismes de dégradation des ouvrages bâtie à partir des outils de la Sûreté de Fonctionnement. L'Analyse Fonctionnelle (AF), l'Analyse des Modes de Défaillance et de leurs Effets(AMDE) et des graphes causaux sont appliqués pour connaître comment les infrastructures fonctionnent, se dégradent et interagissent avec leur environnement.- La construction d'un outil d'aide à la gestion fondé sur les méthodes multicritère d'aide à la décision. Dans un premier temps, nous construisons une famille cohérente de critères qui formalise les différents aspects techniques et socioéconomiques qui interviennent dans le processus décisionnel de la RATP (méthode d'agrégation à base de règles). Ensuite, à partir des méthodes ELECTRE, nous développons un outil multicritère d'aide à la décision permettant d'optimiser la gestion du patrimoine de la RATP. Après une application sur la ligne 4 du métro de Paris, les perspectives ouvertes par un tel outil sont étudiées, dont la principale est le développement opérationnel de cet outil dans le cadre de la gestion du patrimoine d'infrastructures de la RATP / The RATP is the operator and asset manager of the public railway transport of Paris and the next suburbs. Nowadays, with more than 10 million trips per day, this transport network is one of the most crowded in the world. In this context of high service requirements, the RATP asset managers must assure the structural integrity, the quality of service and the sustainability of an aging and heterogeneous asset. However, available budgets are, by nature, limited and, in this context, two tasks become essential: to justify budget requirements and to optimize the programming of maintenance actions. The current asset strategy is based on visual inspections to detect degradation symptoms that concern the structural integrity of the structure. Depending on these results, managers must select and prioritize the maintenance actions taking into account the constraints involved in asset management. This decision-making process is based on the expert knowledge and is not formalized. In this context, the purpose of this thesis is to develop a multicritera decision support tool which reduces the inherent variability degree of visual inspections and the lack of transparency in the decision-making process. In order to provide RATP's managers a decision support tool, this research is based on the next stages :- The development of a functional model of degradation mechanisms by the application of the operational safety methods. The Functional Analyse (FA), the Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) and the casual graphs are applied to know how infrastructures function, degrade and interact with the environment.- The construction of a decision support tool based on multicriteria methods. The first stage is the construction of a lot of criteria formalizing the technical, economic and social aspects involved in the RATP's asset management (rule based assignment model). The second stage is the application of ELECTRE methods to develop a multicriteria decision support tool which optimizes the management of the RATP's asset. This tool is tested on the line 4 of the Paris metro in order to study development prospects. The main prospect is the operational development of this tool in the context of the management of the RATP's asset

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T13:53:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RenanFFA_DISSERT.pdf: 1578482 bytes, checksum: 2ae0ef8a075874635c253eca6812ce8f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-01-14 / The discussions wherein develop proposals for university reform in Brazil include, among other things, the conception of the university titled "New University", whose structural origin comes from the bill of higher education reform and unification of the foundations of education European upper (Bologna process). At its core, the Bologna process has imposed a series of transformations, among which, the promotion of mobility, as a stimulus to interinstitutional cooperation to enable an better and bigger qualification of the students. Nevertheless, what we see is that this point is one of the main points made flawed by Brazilian institutions that have adopted this model of higher education. An example is the Bachelor of Science and Technology - BC&T, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte - UFRN, where there are problems of the internal order, represented by the problem of the reusing of the disciplines, such also of external order, in cases of transfers interinstitutional. Because of this, and knowing that this is a typical problem in which multiple criteria are involved, the aim of this study is to propose a multicriteria model for selection of interciclo of the BC&T of the UFRN which addresses the issue of mobility. For this, this study was of exploratory and study case nature, use as tools of data collection, the bibliographic and documentary research, as well as semi-structured interviews. For the elaboration of the model, were used the five phases most commonly used in the modeling of problems in operational research in a sample of 91 students of BC&T. As a result, we obtained a model that addresses the issue of internal and external mobility of the school and that, moreover, was also more robust and fair than the current model of BC&T and also what is used in other courses of the UFRN, taking into consideration the expected results by the decision makers / As discuss?es em que se desenvolvem as propostas de reforma universit?ria no Brasil compreendem, dentre outros aspectos, a concep??o da universidade intitulada de Universidade Nova , cuja origem estrutural adv?m do projeto de lei da reforma da educa??o superior e dos fundamentos da unifica??o da educa??o superior europeia (processo de Bolonha). Em seu cerne, o processo de Bolonha imp?s uma s?rie de transforma??es, dentre as quais, a promo??o da mobilidade, como est?mulo ? coopera??o interinstitucional no intuito de permitir uma melhor e maior qualifica??o dos alunos. Apesar disso, o que se percebe ? que este ponto ? um dos principais aspectos deficientes apresentados pelas institui??es brasileiras que adotaram esse modelo de ensino superior. Um exemplo disto ? o Bacharelado em Ci?ncias e Tecnologia - BC&T da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte - UFRN, em que existem problemas tanto de ordem interna, representada pelo problema de reaproveitamento de disciplinas, como de ordem externa, para os casos de transfer?ncias interinstitucionais. Por conta disto, e sabendo-se que este ? um t?pico problema em que est?o envolvidos m?ltiplos crit?rios, o objetivo deste estudo ? propor um modelo multicrit?rio para a sele??o interciclo do BC&T da UFRN, que contemple a quest?o da mobilidade. Para tanto, este estudo, de car?ter explorat?rio e delineado como estudo de caso, utilizou, como ferramentas de coleta de dados, as pesquisas bibliogr?fica e documental, al?m de entrevistas semiestruturadas. Para a elabora??o do modelo, foram utilizadas as cinco fases mais comumente presentes nas modelagens dos problemas de pesquisa operacional em uma amostra de 91 discentes do BC&T. Como resultados, obteve-se um modelo que contempla a quest?o da mobilidade interna e externa da escola e que, al?m disso, tamb?m se mostrou mais robusto e justo do que o modelo atual do BC&T e tamb?m do que ? utilizado nas demais gradua??es da UFRN, levando em considera??o as expectativas de resultados dos decisores

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:29:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-12-20Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:59:01Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 larrubia_cb_me_ilha.pdf: 1490169 bytes, checksum: e5d66416ae597322c58503ce0f43ddd7 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / O reservatório da Usina Hidrelétrica Ilha Solteira localiza-se entre os estados de São Paulo, Mato Grosso do Sul, Minas Gerais e Goiás inserindo-se na Bacia Hidrográfica do Rio Paraná. Este reservatório foi construído com o objetivo de geração de energia, porém, como geralmente ocorre com a maioria dos reservatórios, passou a ser utilizado para múltiplas finalidades. Dentre os usos se destacam o transporte hidroviário, a irrigação, a aquicultura e o lazer. Devido à boa qualidade de suas águas, apresenta uma forte tendência ao aumento das utilizações deste recurso. Considerando que alguns aproveitamentos resultam em impactos e consequentes conflitos relacionados aos interesses de usos do recurso, é de suma importância o desenvolvimento de medidas disciplinadoras que visem à manutenção da qualidade da água. Nesse sentido, a presente proposta objetivou estabelecer uma hierarquia dos principais usos do reservatório considerando critérios econômicos, sociais, operacionais e a qualidade da água. Para tanto, adotou-se um Modelo Multicritério de Apoio à Decisão, onde, com a utilização do método Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), as modalidades de uso do reservatório foram priorizadas. De acordo com o constatado no presente estudo, o segmento de recreação e turismo apresentou o melhor desempenho nos critérios avaliados, sendo considerado como prioridade global para a utilização da água do reservatório de Ilha Solteira e de seus afluentes. O uso dos recursos hídricos para irrigação se mostrou interessante, sendo que foi apontado como prioridade em alguns municípios. A aquicultura aparece em terceiro lugar na ordem de prioridade, se destacando tanto em projetos da iniciativa privada como em projetos com investimentos públicos. A região apresentou um baixo uso dos recursos hídricos para o transporte hidroviário, sendo este segmento quase uma exclusividade... / The Ilha Solteira reservoir is located between the States of São Paulo, Mato Grosso do Sul, Minas Gerais and Goias, inserted in Paraná's river basin. This reservoir was built with the purpose of power generation, but as it usually happens with most reservoirs, it began to be used for multiple purposes. Among the various uses of the reservoir can be highlighted the navigation, the irrigation, the aquaculture and the recreation. Due to the high quality of its waters, there's a strong intent on increasing the use of this resource, being that some uses result in significant impact and therefore, conflicts of interest arise. It is then of utmost importance the creation of disciplinary measures targeted on maintaining water quality. In that sense, this proposal aims to establish a hierarchy of the main uses of the reservoir, considering the criteria economical, social, operational and the quality of the water. To that end, was adapted a Multi-Criteria Decision Support model, where, using the method of Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), the uses of the reservoir were prioritized. According to the results of this study, the segment of recreation and tourism showed the best performance on the evaluated criteria and was defined as the global priority concerning the water usage of the reservoir of Ilha Solteira and of their tributaries. The use of water resources for irrigation proved to be interesting, and it was appointed as a priority in some cities. The aquaculture appears in third place in the priority order, standing out so much in projects of the private initiative such as in projects with public investments. The region presented low use of water resources for waterborne transport, being that segment almost exclusiveness of the São Simão-GO city. The usage of the water to supply showed little expression on the cities in the region, however deserves attention for the volume of sewage... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Submitted by Marcia Silva (marcia@latec.uff.br) on 2015-10-29T13:57:52Z No. of bitstreams: 1 dissert Maria Celeste de Carvalho Ressiguier Ribeiro.pdf: 12817772 bytes, checksum: b23ae40921877e1329e6a70604a1f9fe (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-10-29T13:57:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 dissert Maria Celeste de Carvalho Ressiguier Ribeiro.pdf: 12817772 bytes, checksum: b23ae40921877e1329e6a70604a1f9fe (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-06-14 / Este trabalho desenvolve um modelo para a seleção de propostas de projetos de pesquisa, básica e aplicada, com o apoio de método multicritério à decisão, já existente. Como método multicritério, é aplicado o Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), combinando as mensurações relativa e absoluta, para ajudar os gestores do IF Fluminense, na área de pesquisa. O modelo proposto visa à priorização e seleção de projetos que atendam, satisfatoriamente, aos propósitos da instituição e aos requisitos exigidos para cada pesquisa científica. Trata-se de um problema complexo de decisão, que envolve a avaliação de um grande número de projetos julgados em vários critérios, em sua maioria, qualitativos. O problema é tratado em duas etapas de seleção. A primeira etapa visa à seleção dos projetos mais satisfatoriamente alinhados aos objetivos da instituição. Os projetos selecionados na primeira etapa servem de entrada para a segunda etapa, onde tais projetos são pontuados segundo os requisitos da pesquisa. Em cada etapa utiliza-se método AHP aplicando a mensuração relativa e absoluta. O AHP mensuração relativa é aplicado para determinar o peso de contribuição dos critérios para atingimento do objetivo geral. A mensuração absoluta serve para avaliar os projetos em cada critério. Finalmente, cada projeto é pontuado com a soma ponderada que consiste no somatório dos produtos do peso relativo de cada critério pela mensuração absoluta atribuída ao projeto no mesmo critério. Para tanto, utilizou-se como procedimento de pesquisa o estudo de caso, baseando-se num estudo exploratório. O trabalho envolveu pesquisa bibliográfica sobre diversos assuntos, tais como, gerenciamento de portfólio de projetos, apoio multicritério à decisão e aplicação dos métodos de apoio multicritério à decisão na seleção de projetos, a fim de conhecer o estado de arte sobre a utilização de tais métodos na seleção de projetos. Assim como, fez uma breve revisão da literatura sobre os critérios de avaliação considerados na pesquisa científica, a fim de ajudar na estruturação dos critérios utilizados na avaliação dos projetos. Também, baseou-se em pesquisa documental e entrevistas não estruturadas, a fim de compreender melhor o problema. A autora concluiu que o modelo proposto contribuiu para melhorar o processo decisório e proporcionou um processo de seleção mais simples e eficaz. O resultado do trabalho permitiu a escolha de projetos baseado na melhor contribuição de tais projetos para o alcance dos objetivos institucionais e para o melhor cumprimento dos requisitos exigidos para cada pesquisa. / This work develops a model for selection of proposals for research projects, basic and applied, with the support of multi-criteria decision method, already exists. How multicriteria method is applied Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), combining the relative and absolute measurements, to help managers of IF Fluminense, in the search area. The proposed model aims at prioritizing and selecting projects that may match satisfactorily the purposes of the institution and the requirements demanded for each scientific research. This is a complex decision problem, which involves the evaluation of a large number of projects judged on several criteria, mostly qualitative. The problem is treated in two stages of selection. The first step aims at selecting projects more satisfactorily aligned to the objectives of the institution. The projects selected in the first stage serve as input to the second stage, where such projects are scored according to the requirements of the research. At each step, it uses AHP applying the relative and absolute measurement. The AHP relative measurement is used to determine the weight of contribution of the criteria for achieving the overall goal. The absolute measurement serves to evaluate the projects in each criterion. Finally, each project is scored with a weighted sum consisting of the sum of the products of the relative weight of each criterion for absolute measurement assigned to the project on the same criteria. For this, we used the procedure as a research case study, based on an exploratory study. The work involved bibliographic research on various subjects such as project portfolio management, multicriteria decision support and application of the methods of multicriteria decision support in the selection of projects in order to know the state of art about the use of such methods in selecting projects. Just as, made a brief literature review on the evaluation criteria used in scientific research, in order to help in structuring the criteria utilized in the evaluation of projects. Also drew on documentary research and unstructured interviews in order to better understand the problem. The author concluded that the proposed model contributed to improving the decision making process and provided a simpler and more effective selection. The result of the work allowed the choice of projects based on the best contribution of such projects to achieve the institutional goals and to better compliance with requirements demanded for each research project.