Nas últimas décadas inúmeros estudos foram produzidos acerca da influência do local de moradia sobre o bem-estar das pessoas, o chamado “efeito-bairro”. Este trabalho tem o objetivo de analisar os principais fatores que influenciam os jovens gaúchos de 15 a 24 anos a permanecerem apenas estudando, estudando e trabalhando, só trabalhando ou não estudando e nem trabalhando. Serão analisados fatores ligados ao local de moradia, características individuais dos jovens, tais como raça, sexo e idade, e familiares, tais como educação dos pais e renda familiar per capta e como cada uma dessas variáveis exerce influência sobre as escolhas dos jovens das aglomerações urbanas do Rio Grande do Sul. Para tanto, serão utilizados os microdados amostrais dos Censos Demográficos de 2000 e 2010 do IBGE, através dos quais serão construídas as variáveis dependente e independentes que constituirão a análise estatística via modelos de regressão logística multinomial. Os resultados das influências dos fatores ligados ao local de moradia apontaram que residir longe do centro, em 2000, dificultava o ingresso no mercado de trabalho para o jovem de Porto Alegre, enquanto em 2010 aumenta suas chances de estudar e de trabalhar e quanto mais elevado é o nível socioeconômico da vizinhança do jovem, maiores são suas chances de apenas estudar e menores suas chances de só trabalhar. O estudo também constatou que o jovem ser filho ou enteado do chefe domiciliar aumenta significativamente suas chances de estudar e reduz bastante suas chances de dedicarem-se exclusivamente ao trabalho; quanto mais elevada a idade do jovem, maiores suas chances de trabalhar e menores de só estudar, consequência da transição natural do jovem da escola para o mercado de trabalho; o jovem ser do sexo masculino aumenta suas chances de trabalhar; quanto mais elevada a renda domiciliar per capita do jovem, menores são suas chances de não estudar nem trabalhar; quanto mais anos de estudo o chefe domiciliar possuir, maiores as chances do jovem estudar; quanto mais crianças no domicílio do jovem, maiores são suas chances de não trabalhar nem estudar e quanto mais elevado o grupo de categoria sócio-ocupacional do chefe domiciliar, maiores são as chances do jovem estudar. / In recent decades numerous studies have been made about the influence of the place of residence on the well-being of people, the so-called "neighborhood effect." This work aims to analyze the main factors influencing the gauchos youth 15 to 24 years to stay just studying, studying and working, just working or no studying and neither working. We will analyze factors related to place of residence, individual characteristics of young people, such as race, gender and age, and family, such as parental education and family income per capita and how each of these variables influences the choices of young agglomerations urban of Rio Grande do Sul. Therefore, the sample microdata from Demographic Censuses of 2000 and 2010 IBGE will be used, through which the dependent and independent variables that constitute the statistical analysis via multinomial logistic regression models will be built. The results of the influence of factors related to place of residence indicated that reside far from the center, in 2000, made it difficult to enter the labor market for young Porto Alegre, while in 2010 increases your chances of study and work and the higher It is the socioeconomic status of the neighborhood of the young, the greater your chances of just studying and lower your chances of just work. The study also found that young to be a child or stepchild of the household head significantly increases your chances of study and greatly reduces your chances to devote themselves exclusively to the work; the higher the age of the young, the greater your chances of work and under only studying result of the natural transition of the young from school to the labor market; the young being male increases your chances of working; the higher the household income per capita of the young, the lower your chances of not study or work; the more years of schooling the household head has, the more likely the young study; the more children in the household of the young, the greater your chances of not working or studying and the higher the socio-occupational category group head home, the greater the chances of the young study.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-06-10T11:42:43Z No. of bitstreams: 1 julianagoncalvestaveira.pdf: 1804737 bytes, checksum: 4acd7844c33eb68437a0a59689439ae9 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-07-13T13:47:58Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 julianagoncalvestaveira.pdf: 1804737 bytes, checksum: 4acd7844c33eb68437a0a59689439ae9 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-13T13:47:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 julianagoncalvestaveira.pdf: 1804737 bytes, checksum: 4acd7844c33eb68437a0a59689439ae9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-02-10 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Essa dissertação se baseia na suposição teórica de que a distância tecnológica entre os setores reduz a propensão à mobilidade laboral intersetorial. Do ponto de vista empírico, o trabalho usa um painel com dados individuais da RAIS-Migra e dados setoriais da PINTEC e de insumo-produto, para os anos de 2003 a 2008. Estimaram-se modelos econométricos logit multinomial e logit multinomial com interceptos aleatórios, via GLLAMM (generalized linear latente and mixed models), para as subamostras de dados longitudinais de indivíduos qualificados e não qualificados e trabalhadores de setores intensivos e não intensivos em tecnologia. O método GLLAMM prescinde da suposição de independência das alternativas relevantes e, ao mesmo tempo, controla para as características não observáveis. A comparação dos resultados obtidos com os dois métodos mostra constância dos sinais dos coeficientes estimados, embora possam ser observadas variações em suas magnitudes e significâncias. Portanto, aponta-se para a necessidade do controle para as características individuais não observadas. Como principais resultados, destaca-se que a difusão tecnológica aumenta as chances de mudança de emprego em quase todos os tipos de mobilidade, para todas as subamostras. Em relação à inovação tecnológica, observam-se efeitos positivos e negativos na relação entre mobilidade e inovação. No primeiro caso, argumenta-se que a assimilação do conhecimento produzido externamente facilita tal mobilidade, enquanto que, no segundo caso, a inovação torna o conhecimento do trabalhador mais específico e, assim, aumenta a distância tecnológica entre os setores. Destaca-se ainda que as variáveis tecnológicas possuem maior importância para os trabalhadores qualificados do que para os não qualificados. Ademais, quando se analisa os setores não intensivos, uma nova tecnologia pode na verdade contribuir para a redução da distância entre os setores, assim, o impacto positivo da variável de inovação ocorre quando além de uma mudança de firma, há uma mudança de setor. / This thesis is based on the theoretical assumption that the technology distance among industries reduces the probability to intersectoral labor mobility. From the empirical point of view, this paper uses a labor market micro data from Brazilian Ministry of Labor - RAIS-Migra and manufacturing data from Technological Innovation Survey (PINTEC) and input-output tables, both stemming from Brazilian Statistical and Census Office (IBGE), for the years 2003 to 2008. We estimate the multinomial logit and the multinomial logit with random intercepts, via GLLAMM (generalized linear latent and mixed models), for four longitudinal data subsamples, such as skilled and unskilled workers and intensive and non-intensive technology manufacturing industries. The GLLAMM method is not based on the assumption of independence of the irrelevant alternative, and at the same time, it controls for unobservable characteristics. Using both methods, we reach robustness of the results, considering the signs of the estimated coefficients, even though there are differences in their significance and magnitude in some cases. As main results, we find that the technology diffusion increases the chances of a job change in almost all types of mobility for all subsamples. Focusing on technological innovation, there are positive and negative relationships between mobility and innovation. In the first case, it is argued that the assimilation of the knowledge externally produced increases the mobility. In the second case, the innovation makes the worker’s knowledge more specific and therefore increases the technological distance among the industries. It’s worth noticing that the technological variables are more important for skilled workers than for unskilled workers. Furthermore, when analyzing the non-intensive technology industries, a new technology can actually help to reduce the distance between the sectors, so the positive impact of innovation flow occurs when there is a change of both firm and industry.

Dans cette thèse, nous nous intéressons aux décisions de production des agriculteurs et plus particulièrement des producteurs de thé au Vietnam. Plus précisément, le Chapitre 1 donne un aperçu rapide de l’évolution observée dans le monde et au Vietnam. Le Chapitre 2 porte sur l’analyse de l'efficacité technique de la production de thé au Vietnam. Il permet de conclure que l'efficacité technique moyenne de la production de thé est très faible (seulement 41\%). Le Chapitre 3 de cette thèse présente un modèle théorique analysant les décisions d’agriculteurs dans le cadre d’une conversion à la production biologique. Il s'agit de déterminer les conditions optimales pour la conversion compte tenu des contraintes concernant l'allocation des terres pour les produits conventionnels et biologiques. Il montre notamment l'importance de (i) la quantité disponible de terres consacrées aux produits biologiques, (ii) la productivité de la technologie de production de produits biologiques, (iii) les mécanismes d'incitation et enfin (iv) les contraintes inhérentes à la production de produits biologiques. Le Chapitre 4 compare deux modèles économétriques, l'un avec une hétérogénéité individuelle non observable et l'autre sans hétérogénéité. Les résultats obtenus révèlent certains facteurs importants qui influent sur l'adoption des différentes variétés de thé: le revenu, la présence de personnages âgées au sein du ménage, la taille du ménage et l'usage d'engrais biologique. Le Chapitre 5, enfin, s'intéresse aux impacts des relations politiques sur le revenu total et le revenu issu de la production de thé des ménages. Nos résultats soulignent le rôle important des relations politiques sur l'amélioration des revenus des agriculteurs. / The aim of this thesis is to identify and investigate some limits regarding recent empirical and theoretical contributions in the field of farmers' behavior as related to tea production in Vietnam. Chapter 1 provides a quick overview about tea production in the world and in Vietnam. Chapter 2 in our thesis analyzes the technical efficiency of the tea production in Vietnam. This study finds that the average technical efficiency of tea production is very low (only about 41\%). Chapter 3 presents a theoretical model in order to figure out the farmer's decision to adopt for organic production. The decision concerns the allocation of lands for conventional and organic products.It shows the importance of (i) the available quantity of land devoted to agricultural plants, (ii) the productivity of the organic products, (iii) the incentive mechanism, and finally (iv) the constraints on output of organic products. In Chapter 4, we compared two version of econometric model: a model with household's unobserved heterogeneity and a model without unobserved heterogeneity. We found that the former model is preferred. The results revealed that some important factors which influence the adoption of tea varieties included tea income, presence of elderly, household size and use of organic fertilizers. In Chapter 5, we focus on investigating the impacts of political connections both farmer's total income and tea income. The findings indicate the significant role of political connection on improving farming households' income.

Managed lane refers to the application of various operational and design strategies on highway facilities to improve system efficiency and mobility by proactively allocating traffic capacity to different lanes. One of the key elements to understand the behavior changes and underlying causalities in user responses to managed lanes is to examine the value of time (VOT) and value of reliability (VOR). The breadth of this dissertation encompasses two major dimensions of VOT and VOR estimation – distributions or variations across different users and under different circumstances; and influences of unobserved attitudinal characteristics on roadway pricing valuation. To understand travelers’ choice behavior regarding the usage of managed lanes, combined revealed preference (RP) and stated preference (SP) data were used in this study. Mixed logit modeling was applied as the state of the art methodology to capture heterogeneity in users’ choice behavior. The model revealed an average value of $10.68 per hour for VOT and $13.91 per hour for VOR, which are reasonable considering the average household income in the region, and are well within the ranges found in the literature. In terms of user heterogeneity, the mixed logit model was further enhanced by adding interaction effects of variables, which helped recognize and quantify potential sources of heterogeneity in user sensitivities to time, reliability, and cost. The findings indicated that travelers were likely to exhibit higher willingness to pay when they were female, younger (years), older (>54 years), had higher income (> 50 K), driving alone, and traveled on weekdays. Attitudinal aspects are rarely incorporated into roadway pricing analysis. The study herein presents an effort to explore the role of attitudinal factors in drivers’ propensity toward using managed lanes. Model results boded for a significant contribution of attitudinal parameters in the model, both in terms of coefficients and model performance. This study provides a robust approach to quantify user heterogeneity in VOT and VOR and capture the impacts of attitudinal attributes in pricing valuation. The results of this study contribute to a better understanding on what attributes lead to higher or lower VOT and VOR and to what extent.

L'objectif de la recherche est de questionner le comportement des firmes multinationales issues de pays émergent (FMNE) lors de leur première acquisition majoritaire à l'international. En effet, devenue un phénomène d'ampleur mondial, l'internationalisation de ces firmes du Sud représente une nouveauté, une menace, mais également une opportunité dans le paysage économique mondial. Notre étude teste empiriquement les théories classiques du management international pensées pour les firmes du Nord (FMN) selon des méthodes quantitatives appliquées à un échantillon unique de 504 FMNE issues de la base de données SDC Platinum. Les résultats montrent qu'il existe trois catégories de FMNE influencées par les attributs du pays cibles, leur expérience d'acquisition internationale et leur réseau d'affaires étendu. En revanche, ces mêmes entreprises ne sont influencées ni par les attributs de leur pays domestique ni par leur expérience d'acquisition domestique ni par leur réseau d'affaires proche. Ces résultats éclairent ainsi les connaissances du champ des FMNE en confirmant certaines études dans la littérature tout en en contredisant d'autres. Ce travail de recherche précise donc un ensemble de connaissances scientifiques relatives au phénomène des FMNE et cristallise les réponses aux questionnements du champ à travers l'étude empirique des acquisitions majoritaires à l'international. / The research aims to investigate the emerging multinationals' (EMNE) behaviour through their first international acquisition. Indeed, because of the scope and scale of this international phenomenon, the internationalization of these firms portrayed a novelty, a threat, and an opportunity in the worldwide landscape as well. Our study tests empirically the international management theories basically thought for firms from industrialized economies (MNE) according to quantitative methodologies applied on a unique sample of 504 EMNE from SDC platinum database. The results find three EMNE groups influenced by target-country characteristics, international acquisition experience and extensive network. However, these same firms are not influenced by domestic-country characteristics, their domestic acquisition experience and their close network. These results highlight the field both in corroborate some studies and refute others. This research finally clarifies a set of scientific knowledge related to the EMNE phenomenon through an empirical study of the international acquisitions.

This project deals vith analysis and testing of algorithms and statistical models, that could potentionaly improve resuts of FIT BUT in ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge and TRECVID. Multinomial model was tested. Phonotactic Intersession Variation Compensation (PIVCO) model was used for reducing random e ffects in image representation and for dimensionality reduction. PIVCO - dimensionality reduction achieved the best mean average precision while reducing to one-twenyth of original dimension. KPCA model was tested to approximate Kernel SVM. All statistical models were tested on Pascal VOC 2007 dataset.

The aim of this work is to create a web application for automatic topic detection and segmentation of on-line courses. During playback of processed records, the application should be able to offer records from thematically consistent on-line courses. This document contains problem description, list of used instruments, description of implementation, the principle of operation and description of final user interface.

The overall goal of this study was to analyse the welfare effect of improved wastewater treatment with the view of making policy recommendations for sustainable urban and peri-urban irrigation agriculture in Kenya. This goal was achieved by investigating three specific objectives. The first objective was to assess the farmers’ awareness of health risks in urban and peri-urban wastewater irrigation. Second objective was to analyse the factors that affect the choice of low-risk adaptations in reuse of untreated wastewater for irrigation. The third objective was to estimate the value that urban and peri-urban farmers who practice wastewater irrigation impute to improvements in specific characteristics of the wastewater input in agriculture. In order to achieve the first objective, an ordered probit model was used to identify the factors that influence farmers’ awareness of health risks in untreated wastewater irrigation. The model was fitted to data collected from a cross-sectional survey of 317 urban farm households in the Kibera informal settlement of Kenya. Results of this study show that gender of household head, household size, education level of household head, farm size, ownership of the farm, membership to farmers’ group, and market access for the fresh produce significantly affect awareness of farmers about health risks in wastewater irrigation. Therefore, there is need for awareness programs to promote public education through regular training and local workshops on wastewater reuse in order to improve the human capital of the urban and peri-urban farmers. To achieve the second objective, the study used a multinomial logit model to analyse the farmers’ choice of low-risk adaptations in untreated wastewater irrigation. A survey of 317 urban and peri-urban farmers was conducted and measures for risk-reduction in wastewater reuse were analysed. The urban and peri-urban farmers were found to have adopted low-risk wastewater irrigation techniques such as cessation of irrigation before harvesting, crop restriction and safer application methods. Results of the study show that adoption of risk-reduction measures is significantly influenced by the following factors: household size, age of the household head, education of household head, access to extension, access to media, access to credit, farmers’ group membership, and risk awareness. Also, marginal analysis of the coefficients confirmed the socio-economic characteristics are key determinants in adoption of low-risk measures in wastewater reuse. The study recommends that policies in support of low-risk urban and peri-urban irrigation agriculture should disaggregate farmers according to their socio-economic and institutional characteristics in order to achieve their intended objectives. To achieve the third objective, the study employed the discrete choice experiment approach to estimate the benefits farmers impute to improvements in attributes of the wastewater irrigation input, whose aim is to reduce the health risks associated with untreated wastewater irrigation. Urban and peri-urban farmers who practice wastewater irrigation drawn from Motoine-Ngong River in Nairobi were randomly selected for the study. A total of 241 farmers completed the presented choice cards for the choice model estimation. A random parameter logit model was used to estimate the individual level willingness to pay for wastewater treatment. The results show that urban and peri-urban farmers are willing to pay significant monthly municipality taxes for treatment of wastewater. Conclusion of this study was that, quality of treated wastewater, quantity of treated wastewater and the riverine ecosystem restoration are significant factors of preference over policy alternative designs in wastewater treatment and reuse. / Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2013. / gm2014 / Agricultural Economics, Extension and Rural Development / unrestricted

This thesis concentrates on regression models with a categorical response. It focuses on the model of logistic regression with binary response and its generalization in which two models are distinguished: multinomial regression with nominal response and multinomial regression with ordinal response. For all three models separately, the Wald test and the likelihood ratio test are derived. These theoretical derivations are then used to calculate the test statistics for specific examples in statistical software R. The theory described in the thesis is illustrated by examples with small and large number of explanatory variables.

Active learning methodologies (ALM) are associated with student success, but little research on this topic has been pursued at the community college level. At a local community college, students in science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) courses exhibited lower than average grades. The purpose of this study was to examine whether the use of ALM predicted STEM course grades while controlling for academic discipline, course level, and class size. The theoretical framework was Vygotsky's social constructivism. Descriptive statistics and multinomial logistic regression were performed on data collected through an anonymous survey of 74 instructors of 272 courses during the 2016 fall semester. Results indicated that students were more likely to achieve passing grades when instructors employed in-class, highly structured activities, and writing-based ALM, and were less likely to achieve passing grades when instructors employed project-based or online ALM. The odds ratios indicated strong positive effects (greater likelihoods of receiving As, Bs, or Cs in comparison to the grade of F) for writing-based ALM (39.1-43.3%, 95% CI [10.7-80.3%]), highly structured activities (16.4-22.2%, 95% CI [1.8-33.7%]), and in-class ALM (5.0-9.0%, 95% CI [0.6-13.8%]). Project-based and online ALM showed negative effects (lower likelihoods of receiving As, Bs, or Cs in comparison to the grade of F) with odds ratios of 15.7-20.9%, 95% CI [9.7-30.6%] and 16.1-20.4%, 95% CI [5.9-25.2%] respectively. A white paper was developed with recommendations for faculty development, computer skills assessment and training, and active research on writing-based ALM. Improving student grades and STEM course completion rates could lead to higher graduation rates and lower college costs for at-risk students by reducing course repetition and time to degree completion.