Sometimes students struggle to interpret literary texts because some of these texts do not lend themselves to the deduction of the interpretative processes with which they are familiar, but the same is not true when students pull interpretations from songs. Is it possible that students’ familiarity with songs might enable them to connect a song with a book and aid interpretation that way? This study attempted to explore the possibility of bridging songs to literary texts in my Community College English classroom, to ascertain if or how the use of song can support or extend students’ interpretive strategies across different types of texts. I investigated how songs might work as a bridge to other texts, like novels, and, if the students use songs as texts, to what extent do the students develop and hone their interpretative skills? Because of this, how might including songs as texts in English writing or English Literature curriculum contribute to the enhancement of students’ writing? The students’ responses disclosed that the songs appealed to their cognition and memories and helped them to interpret and write about the novels they read. Moreover, the students’ responses revealed that pairing or matching songs with novels strengthened interpretation of the book in a plethora of ways, such as meta-message deduction, applying contexts, applying comparisons, and examining thematic correlations. When a novel is bridged or paired with a song, interpretation can also be derived by examining different perspectives, characterizations, personal connections, and life experiences. Exploring emotional connections as well as signs and symbolism can also enable interpretation. Another way to deduce interpretation, according to the students, is to locate a reoccurring issue or thread in a song and transfer the analysis from the song to the novel. However, although a few students might not use songs to interpret literary texts, they might still be able to recognize that the possibility exists to grasp meaning that way.

This dissertation raises problems with the methodology of Schenkerian analysis and attempts to find solutions. Balancing ideological critique, intellectual history, and musical analysis with criticisms of the theory itself, my aim is to argue that Schenker’s conception of his own theory—and in particular of his background Urlinie—has greatly restricted the analytical possibilities of his methodology, including how it is practiced today. Chapter 1 will introduce and summarize this argument as a whole, including some of my musical and philosophical priors. Chapter 2 will explore how Schenker’s assumptions about his theory fulfill what I will (following Nicholas Cook) characterize as a “retrospective prophecy,” which I argue is continuous with the motivated and circular reasoning that propped up Schenker’s problematic wider ideology. Chapter 3 introduces two ideas that combat this tendency and inform my own analyses: the “modified” approaches to Schenker (in the work of scholars like David Neumeyer) as well as “oscillation” between different analytical interpretations (as Marianne Kielian-Gilbert describes work like Joseph Dubiel’s). Chapter 4 attempts to bring these two together, and I argue that this opens the way to a greater degree of analytical possibility than has hitherto been realized. In short, I argue that contemporary Schenkerian analysis has remained too tied to Schenker’s original formulation, to the detriment of the theory, but that not many Schenkerians have appreciated this. Along with attempting to find solutions to my problems, then, I want to convince Schenkerians that there are problems here to be solved in the first place, by showing how the very things analysts find valuable about the theory can be improved through the incorporation of “modified” and/or “oscillatory” approaches.

No description available.

A presente dissertação apresenta uma leitura dos textos de Mário de Andrade publicados no jornal A Gazeta em 1918 e 1919. Partindo do episódio do \'mal-entendido de crítica\', em que o autor e o jornal entram em conflito, empreende-se uma análise que busca esclarecer o contexto de produção dos artigos - que têm como temas a música executada nos teatros e a guerra - em relação à organização dos \'mundos da arte\' no período e à trajetória de Mário de Andrade, ingressante nos círculos intelectuais e artísticos. Trata-se de entender o conflito não somente como acontecimento particular na trajetória das duas partes, mas como representativo sob um ponto de vista social em um momento histórico da formação do campo artístico na cidade, especialmente em relação à música. Conclui-se do conflito que o posicionamento crítico de Mário de Andrade, que formula propostas de mudanças e induz os leitores e ouvintes a refletir sobre o que viam nos palcos, não estava de acordo com o que era esperado para a crítica musical no jornal. / The dissertation presents an analysis of Mário de Andrade\'s texts published in A Gazeta between 1918 and 1919. Starting from the incident of \"a misunderstanding of criticism\", in which writer and newspaper end their relation, I analyze the context in which the articles - that had as subjects the music played in the theaters and the war - were produced, regarding the organization of the \'art worlds\' and the career of Mario de Andrade. I understand this conflict not only as a private episode to both parts, but as a representative of a historical moment as seen from a social standpoint. By analyzing this conflict, I conclude that Mário de Andrade\'s critical position, which includes the proposition of changes and inducts readers and listeners to reflect upon what they see on the stage, differed from what the newspaper expected for its musical criticism.

This dissertation investigates the political stakes of women’s work with sound technologies engaging the body since the 1970s by drawing on frameworks and methodologies from music history, sound studies, feminist theory, performance studies, critical theory, and the history of technology. Although the body has been one of the principal subjects of new musicology since the early 1990s, its role in electronic music is still frequently shortchanged. I argue that the way we hear electro-bodily music has been shaped by extra-musical, often male-controlled contexts. I offer a critique of the gendered and racialized foundations of terminology such as “extended,” “non-human,” and “dis/embodied,” which follows these repertories. In the work of American composers Joan La Barbara, Laurie Anderson, Wendy Carlos, Laetitia Sonami, and Pamela Z, I trace performative interventions in technoscientific paradigms of the late twentieth century. The voice is perceived as the locus of the musical body and has long been feminized in musical discourse. The first three chapters explore how this discourse is challenged by compositions featuring the processed, broadcast, and synthesized voices of women. I focus on how these works stretch the limits of traditional vocal epistemology and, in turn, engage the bodies of listeners. In the final chapter on musical performance with gesture control, I question the characterization of hand/arm gesture as a “natural” musical interface and return to the voice, now sampled and mapped onto movement. Drawing on Cyborg feminist frameworks which privilege hybridity and multiplicity, I show that the above composers audit the dominant technoscientific imaginary by constructing musical bodies that are never essentially manifested nor completely erased.

A presente dissertação apresenta uma leitura dos textos de Mário de Andrade publicados no jornal A Gazeta em 1918 e 1919. Partindo do episódio do \'mal-entendido de crítica\', em que o autor e o jornal entram em conflito, empreende-se uma análise que busca esclarecer o contexto de produção dos artigos - que têm como temas a música executada nos teatros e a guerra - em relação à organização dos \'mundos da arte\' no período e à trajetória de Mário de Andrade, ingressante nos círculos intelectuais e artísticos. Trata-se de entender o conflito não somente como acontecimento particular na trajetória das duas partes, mas como representativo sob um ponto de vista social em um momento histórico da formação do campo artístico na cidade, especialmente em relação à música. Conclui-se do conflito que o posicionamento crítico de Mário de Andrade, que formula propostas de mudanças e induz os leitores e ouvintes a refletir sobre o que viam nos palcos, não estava de acordo com o que era esperado para a crítica musical no jornal. / The dissertation presents an analysis of Mário de Andrade\'s texts published in A Gazeta between 1918 and 1919. Starting from the incident of \"a misunderstanding of criticism\", in which writer and newspaper end their relation, I analyze the context in which the articles - that had as subjects the music played in the theaters and the war - were produced, regarding the organization of the \'art worlds\' and the career of Mario de Andrade. I understand this conflict not only as a private episode to both parts, but as a representative of a historical moment as seen from a social standpoint. By analyzing this conflict, I conclude that Mário de Andrade\'s critical position, which includes the proposition of changes and inducts readers and listeners to reflect upon what they see on the stage, differed from what the newspaper expected for its musical criticism.

Brazil's 1964-1985 military regime served as one of the principle catalysts for the leftist counterculture movement, Tropicália, which gave way to a new class of músicas engajadas. Later, during the period of redemocratization that followed the dictatorship, musicians extended the morphed the art into new forms, particularly through the use of rock-and-roll. The sociopolitical musical criticism that was formerly cloaked under the censorship stylistically transformed itself into an open, blunt, and much louder movement. Standing at the head of this new period of músicas engajadas was Renato Russo, frontman and lyricist of the Brock band Legião Urbana. At the height of political turmoil following the abertura, Russo confessed in a 1989 interview, "Até bem pouco tempo atrás, a gente realmente acreditava que poderia mudar alguma coisa. Depois, percebemos que não ia dar mais para mudar, mas continuamos acreditando" (Assad 207). This contradictory sentiment of both hope and despair in regards to the future of Brazil is present in a number of the lyricist's works. An analysis of Russo's músicas engajadas reveals a pattern of oppositions in Russo's relationship with the political and social state of Brazil, all of which can be categorized under the topic of hope versus disillusionment: an imagined utopian Brazil versus a perceived, present dystopia; progress versus stagnancy; and ironic criticism versus sincere aspirations for the future of Brazil. These contradictions are in part due to Russo's conflict as both an insider and outsider of the Brazilian experience, being raised physically close to the source of political unrest, but otherwise considered an outlier in terms of education, social circle, sexual orientation, and musical taste. This work analyzes the duality of hope and disillusionment in Legião Urbana's oeuvre in order to explore Russo's path in both criticizing and identifying the continuous missteps within the Brazilian state, and inspiring a new generation to correct the errors plaguing Brazil since colonial times.

Esta dissertação pretende analisar como o crítico Herbert Caro (1906-1991) instiga o gosto pela música de concerto, considerando que o jornalismo tem a função mediadora de aproximar do leitor os campos especializados e que a crítica é um espaço fértil neste sentido. Alemão judeu radicado no Brasil em 1935, Caro foi figura ativa no cenário cultural portoalegrense de meados do século XX. Sua coluna Os melhores discos clássicos estreou no principal jornal do Rio Grande do Sul à época, o Correio do Povo, em 22 de fevereiro de 1959, e circulou semanalmente durante mais de vinte anos. Para este estudo, utilizamos a análise de conteúdo e adotamos como corpus de pesquisa os anos em que esses textos estiveram inseridos no suplemento Caderno de Sábado (1967-1981). Elegemos uma amostra composta de todo o período em que o encarte foi publicado nos doze meses, o que exclui 1967 e 1981. Trabalhamos com 26 colunas, selecionadas após a leitura flutuante do universo de 466 textos. A análise procura identificar, por um lado, os conteúdos mobilizados pelo colunista para preparar a escuta dos discos clássicos e, por outro, as estratégias cronísticas usadas para aproximar a música de concerto do leitor leigo. Percebemos que Herbert Caro prescreve predominantemente a escuta da tradição da música de concerto europeia, em especial a dos séculos XVIII e XIX, mas também algumas obras contemporâneas, o repertório nacional, o folclore e o “pop” – visto como porta de entrada para desenvolver o gosto. As palavras de Caro estão sempre revestidas por uma aura de sedução, prometendo a música de concerto como algo acessível, necessário à vida, e como fonte de prazer, de conhecimento e de distinção social. Com intuito pedagógico, o crítico preocupa-se em alicerçar o contato do leitor com essa música, fornecendo um guia de escuta, com contextualização rápida e orientações práticas. O colunista também se coloca como um incentivador do consumo de discos e orienta que a compra seja baseada no gosto pessoal, na novidade e na assinatura de artistas consagrados. A explícita voz pessoal de Caro reforça a credibilidade angariada no prestígio do espaço jornalístico que ocupa e busca a aproximação com o leitor. O forte vínculo com o local traz a realidade do leitor para o texto, instigando seu envolvimento e construindo um retrato da cidade. A linguagem informal desmancha o ar sisudo da música de concerto com diminutivos, aumentativos, superlativos, provérbios, oralidade, trocadilhos e analogias. Concluímos que Herbert Caro foi um típico homem de letras. Crítico diletante e impressionista, soube explorar o espaço jornalístico para traduzir os códigos da música de concerto para o leigo e incentivar a escuta, colocando seu conhecimento enciclopédico a serviço do leitor e orientando o consumo dos discos clássicos. / This dissertation intends to analyze how the critic Hebert Caro (1906-1991) entices the liking of classical music, considering that journalism has the mediation function of approximating readers to specialized fields and that the criticism is a fertile expression in this sense. German Jew rooted in Brazil in 1935, Caro was an active figure in Porto Alegre’s cultural scene during the mid-twentieth century. His column Os melhores discos clássicos (The best classical records) began in February 22nd 1959, in Rio Grande do Sul’s main newspaper at the time, Correio do Povo, and circulated weekly for more than twenty years. For this study, we used content analysis and adopted as our research corpus the years when the texts were publish in the supplement Caderno de Sábado (1967-1981). We elected a sample composed of the period in which the supplement was published for twelve months, hence excluding 1967 and 1981. We worked with 26 columns, selected after an initial reading of a universe including 466 texts. The analysis aims at identifying, at one hand, the contents mobilized by the columnist to prepare the listening of classical records and, at the other hand, the chronicle strategies used to approximate the laymen reader to classical music. It came to our attention that Hebert Caro prescribes predominantly the listening of the European classical music tradition, especially from the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, but also some contemporary pieces, national repertoire, folklore and “pop” – seen as a starting point to develop taste. Caro’s words always have a seduction aura to them, promising classical music as something accessible, necessary to life, and as a fountain of pleasure, knowledge and social distinction. With pedagogical intent, the critic is concerned with cementing the contact of the reader with such music, providing a listening guide, with rapid contextualization and practical orientation. The columnist also places himself as an inciter of record consumption and orientates the buy towards personal taste, novelty and signature of consecrated artists. Caro’s explicit personal voice reinforces the credibility related to the prestige of the journalistic field that occupies and looks for an approximation to the reader. The strong liaison to the local brings the reality of the reader to the text, enticing involvement and building a portrait of the city. The informal language dissolves the sternness of classical music with diminutives, augmentatives, superlatives, proverbs, orality, play on words and analogies. We conclude that Hebert Caro was a typical man of letters. Dilettante and impressionist critic, he knew how to explore the journalistic space to translate the codes of classical music to the laymen and to stimulate the listening, putting his encyclopedic knowledge in service of the reader and orientating the consumption of classical records.

Esta dissertação pretende analisar como o crítico Herbert Caro (1906-1991) instiga o gosto pela música de concerto, considerando que o jornalismo tem a função mediadora de aproximar do leitor os campos especializados e que a crítica é um espaço fértil neste sentido. Alemão judeu radicado no Brasil em 1935, Caro foi figura ativa no cenário cultural portoalegrense de meados do século XX. Sua coluna Os melhores discos clássicos estreou no principal jornal do Rio Grande do Sul à época, o Correio do Povo, em 22 de fevereiro de 1959, e circulou semanalmente durante mais de vinte anos. Para este estudo, utilizamos a análise de conteúdo e adotamos como corpus de pesquisa os anos em que esses textos estiveram inseridos no suplemento Caderno de Sábado (1967-1981). Elegemos uma amostra composta de todo o período em que o encarte foi publicado nos doze meses, o que exclui 1967 e 1981. Trabalhamos com 26 colunas, selecionadas após a leitura flutuante do universo de 466 textos. A análise procura identificar, por um lado, os conteúdos mobilizados pelo colunista para preparar a escuta dos discos clássicos e, por outro, as estratégias cronísticas usadas para aproximar a música de concerto do leitor leigo. Percebemos que Herbert Caro prescreve predominantemente a escuta da tradição da música de concerto europeia, em especial a dos séculos XVIII e XIX, mas também algumas obras contemporâneas, o repertório nacional, o folclore e o “pop” – visto como porta de entrada para desenvolver o gosto. As palavras de Caro estão sempre revestidas por uma aura de sedução, prometendo a música de concerto como algo acessível, necessário à vida, e como fonte de prazer, de conhecimento e de distinção social. Com intuito pedagógico, o crítico preocupa-se em alicerçar o contato do leitor com essa música, fornecendo um guia de escuta, com contextualização rápida e orientações práticas. O colunista também se coloca como um incentivador do consumo de discos e orienta que a compra seja baseada no gosto pessoal, na novidade e na assinatura de artistas consagrados. A explícita voz pessoal de Caro reforça a credibilidade angariada no prestígio do espaço jornalístico que ocupa e busca a aproximação com o leitor. O forte vínculo com o local traz a realidade do leitor para o texto, instigando seu envolvimento e construindo um retrato da cidade. A linguagem informal desmancha o ar sisudo da música de concerto com diminutivos, aumentativos, superlativos, provérbios, oralidade, trocadilhos e analogias. Concluímos que Herbert Caro foi um típico homem de letras. Crítico diletante e impressionista, soube explorar o espaço jornalístico para traduzir os códigos da música de concerto para o leigo e incentivar a escuta, colocando seu conhecimento enciclopédico a serviço do leitor e orientando o consumo dos discos clássicos. / This dissertation intends to analyze how the critic Hebert Caro (1906-1991) entices the liking of classical music, considering that journalism has the mediation function of approximating readers to specialized fields and that the criticism is a fertile expression in this sense. German Jew rooted in Brazil in 1935, Caro was an active figure in Porto Alegre’s cultural scene during the mid-twentieth century. His column Os melhores discos clássicos (The best classical records) began in February 22nd 1959, in Rio Grande do Sul’s main newspaper at the time, Correio do Povo, and circulated weekly for more than twenty years. For this study, we used content analysis and adopted as our research corpus the years when the texts were publish in the supplement Caderno de Sábado (1967-1981). We elected a sample composed of the period in which the supplement was published for twelve months, hence excluding 1967 and 1981. We worked with 26 columns, selected after an initial reading of a universe including 466 texts. The analysis aims at identifying, at one hand, the contents mobilized by the columnist to prepare the listening of classical records and, at the other hand, the chronicle strategies used to approximate the laymen reader to classical music. It came to our attention that Hebert Caro prescribes predominantly the listening of the European classical music tradition, especially from the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, but also some contemporary pieces, national repertoire, folklore and “pop” – seen as a starting point to develop taste. Caro’s words always have a seduction aura to them, promising classical music as something accessible, necessary to life, and as a fountain of pleasure, knowledge and social distinction. With pedagogical intent, the critic is concerned with cementing the contact of the reader with such music, providing a listening guide, with rapid contextualization and practical orientation. The columnist also places himself as an inciter of record consumption and orientates the buy towards personal taste, novelty and signature of consecrated artists. Caro’s explicit personal voice reinforces the credibility related to the prestige of the journalistic field that occupies and looks for an approximation to the reader. The strong liaison to the local brings the reality of the reader to the text, enticing involvement and building a portrait of the city. The informal language dissolves the sternness of classical music with diminutives, augmentatives, superlatives, proverbs, orality, play on words and analogies. We conclude that Hebert Caro was a typical man of letters. Dilettante and impressionist critic, he knew how to explore the journalistic space to translate the codes of classical music to the laymen and to stimulate the listening, putting his encyclopedic knowledge in service of the reader and orientating the consumption of classical records.

Esta dissertação pretende analisar como o crítico Herbert Caro (1906-1991) instiga o gosto pela música de concerto, considerando que o jornalismo tem a função mediadora de aproximar do leitor os campos especializados e que a crítica é um espaço fértil neste sentido. Alemão judeu radicado no Brasil em 1935, Caro foi figura ativa no cenário cultural portoalegrense de meados do século XX. Sua coluna Os melhores discos clássicos estreou no principal jornal do Rio Grande do Sul à época, o Correio do Povo, em 22 de fevereiro de 1959, e circulou semanalmente durante mais de vinte anos. Para este estudo, utilizamos a análise de conteúdo e adotamos como corpus de pesquisa os anos em que esses textos estiveram inseridos no suplemento Caderno de Sábado (1967-1981). Elegemos uma amostra composta de todo o período em que o encarte foi publicado nos doze meses, o que exclui 1967 e 1981. Trabalhamos com 26 colunas, selecionadas após a leitura flutuante do universo de 466 textos. A análise procura identificar, por um lado, os conteúdos mobilizados pelo colunista para preparar a escuta dos discos clássicos e, por outro, as estratégias cronísticas usadas para aproximar a música de concerto do leitor leigo. Percebemos que Herbert Caro prescreve predominantemente a escuta da tradição da música de concerto europeia, em especial a dos séculos XVIII e XIX, mas também algumas obras contemporâneas, o repertório nacional, o folclore e o “pop” – visto como porta de entrada para desenvolver o gosto. As palavras de Caro estão sempre revestidas por uma aura de sedução, prometendo a música de concerto como algo acessível, necessário à vida, e como fonte de prazer, de conhecimento e de distinção social. Com intuito pedagógico, o crítico preocupa-se em alicerçar o contato do leitor com essa música, fornecendo um guia de escuta, com contextualização rápida e orientações práticas. O colunista também se coloca como um incentivador do consumo de discos e orienta que a compra seja baseada no gosto pessoal, na novidade e na assinatura de artistas consagrados. A explícita voz pessoal de Caro reforça a credibilidade angariada no prestígio do espaço jornalístico que ocupa e busca a aproximação com o leitor. O forte vínculo com o local traz a realidade do leitor para o texto, instigando seu envolvimento e construindo um retrato da cidade. A linguagem informal desmancha o ar sisudo da música de concerto com diminutivos, aumentativos, superlativos, provérbios, oralidade, trocadilhos e analogias. Concluímos que Herbert Caro foi um típico homem de letras. Crítico diletante e impressionista, soube explorar o espaço jornalístico para traduzir os códigos da música de concerto para o leigo e incentivar a escuta, colocando seu conhecimento enciclopédico a serviço do leitor e orientando o consumo dos discos clássicos. / This dissertation intends to analyze how the critic Hebert Caro (1906-1991) entices the liking of classical music, considering that journalism has the mediation function of approximating readers to specialized fields and that the criticism is a fertile expression in this sense. German Jew rooted in Brazil in 1935, Caro was an active figure in Porto Alegre’s cultural scene during the mid-twentieth century. His column Os melhores discos clássicos (The best classical records) began in February 22nd 1959, in Rio Grande do Sul’s main newspaper at the time, Correio do Povo, and circulated weekly for more than twenty years. For this study, we used content analysis and adopted as our research corpus the years when the texts were publish in the supplement Caderno de Sábado (1967-1981). We elected a sample composed of the period in which the supplement was published for twelve months, hence excluding 1967 and 1981. We worked with 26 columns, selected after an initial reading of a universe including 466 texts. The analysis aims at identifying, at one hand, the contents mobilized by the columnist to prepare the listening of classical records and, at the other hand, the chronicle strategies used to approximate the laymen reader to classical music. It came to our attention that Hebert Caro prescribes predominantly the listening of the European classical music tradition, especially from the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, but also some contemporary pieces, national repertoire, folklore and “pop” – seen as a starting point to develop taste. Caro’s words always have a seduction aura to them, promising classical music as something accessible, necessary to life, and as a fountain of pleasure, knowledge and social distinction. With pedagogical intent, the critic is concerned with cementing the contact of the reader with such music, providing a listening guide, with rapid contextualization and practical orientation. The columnist also places himself as an inciter of record consumption and orientates the buy towards personal taste, novelty and signature of consecrated artists. Caro’s explicit personal voice reinforces the credibility related to the prestige of the journalistic field that occupies and looks for an approximation to the reader. The strong liaison to the local brings the reality of the reader to the text, enticing involvement and building a portrait of the city. The informal language dissolves the sternness of classical music with diminutives, augmentatives, superlatives, proverbs, orality, play on words and analogies. We conclude that Hebert Caro was a typical man of letters. Dilettante and impressionist critic, he knew how to explore the journalistic space to translate the codes of classical music to the laymen and to stimulate the listening, putting his encyclopedic knowledge in service of the reader and orientating the consumption of classical records.