Submitted by ANA KARLA PEREIRA RODRIGUES (anakarla_@hotmail.com) on 2017-09-13T13:44:53Z No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 2306772 bytes, checksum: 7de98a9e51516a9c44f57def3e8e9114 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-13T13:44:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 2306772 bytes, checksum: 7de98a9e51516a9c44f57def3e8e9114 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-08-30 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / This study seeks to analyze the workers' associations in the Parahyba do Norte in the period between 1881 and 1930. These workers who lived through in the period the end of the 19th century and the first decades of the 20th century in the capital of Parahyba organized politically through mutual aid associations. From this analysis we seek to understand how the working class developed its class identity through relationships, through the associative culture present in the formation of this process. For this, in the introduction, we made a brief overview of the history of work, highlighting the need to study the associational life. At another time of the dissertation, we show how the economic policy and aesthetic exercised in the process of modernization of the capital has affected the living conditions of the working class, we also did the mapping of the associations founded in the period. Then we insert the associations in the scenario presented and observe its workings. Finally, we analyze the case of the Sociedade de Artistas e Operarios Mechanicos e Liberais, where we highlight the process of institutionalizing the relationship with the world of politics and the state. As theoretical foundation we used the referential of Social History English, we use various sources such as: book of minutes, government reports, almanacs and newspapers. The selected documentation allowed to understand how the associations effectively marked the life of the working class in the capital of Parahyba. / Este trabalho visa analisar o associativismo mutualista dos trabalhadores na Parahyba do Norte no período compreendido entre 1881 e 1910. Estes sujeitos históricos que viveram o período do fim do século XIX e os primeiros anos do século XX na capital da Parahyba se organizaram politicamente por meio de sociedades que previam o auxílio mútuo. A partir dessa análise buscamos compreender como a classe trabalhadora desenvolveu a identidade de classe em meio as suas relações, tendo em vista a cultura associativa presente na formação desse processo. Para isso, ainda na introdução fizemos um breve percurso da historiografia do trabalho, salientando a necessidade de estudar a vida associativa. Nos outros momentos da dissertação, apresentamos como à política econômica e estética exercida no processo de modernização da capital afetou as condições de vida da classe trabalhadora, onde também mapeamos as sociedades fundadas no período trabalhado. Em seguida, inserimos as associações no cenário apresentado e observamos os seus funcionamentos. Por último, analisamos o caso da Sociedade de Artistas e Operários Mecânicos e Liberais, onde destacamos o seu processo de institucionalização, a relação com o mundo da política e o Estado. Como fundamentação teórica, utilizamos o referencial da História Social Inglesa e utilizamos diversas fontes como: livro de atas, relatórios de governos, almanaque e jornais. A documentação selecionada permitiu compreender como o associativismo marcou efetivamente a vida da classe trabalhadora na capital da Parahyba.

Frente ao intenso processo de fragmentação florestal sofrido no Brasil, este trabalho avaliou o efeito da fragmentação de Florestas Estacionais Semideciduais no Estado de São Paulo sobre a interação Ficus eximia e vespas (polinizadoras e não-polinizadoras). A abordagem foi realizada em duas escalas, (1) Na paisagem, com comparações entre os dados encontrados nas regiões de Teodoro Sampaio (menos fragmentada); Gália (intermediária) e Ribeirão Preto (mais fragmentada); e (2) Na escala local, considerando as características da paisagem no entorno das plantas amostradas. As questões investigadas foram: (a) Existe limitação de pólen em paisagens muito degradadas? (b) A estrutura da comunidade de vespas varia de acordo com o nível de fragmentação e distúrbio dos hábitats? (c) Possíveis limitações de pólen ou parasitismo por vespas não-polinizadoras comprometem os componentes primários de fecundidade das figueiras nas paisagens mais fragmentadas? Para responder tais questões, coletamos figos na fase interfloral (após a entrada da polinizadora e antes da maturação das sementes e prole) e figos em fase próxima à emergência das vespas. Os resultados mostraram que não houve indícios de limitação de vespas polinizadoras em nenhuma das paisagens estudadas. As comunidades apresentaram padrão aninhado, ou seja, a comunidade mais pobre em espécies Teodoro Sampaio representou uma subamostra das comunidades mais ricas Ribeirão Preto e Gália. A disponibilidade de vespas polinizadoras parece ser maior na paisagem mais fragmentada. As vespas parasitas inquilinas afetaram negativamente as produções de sementes e polinizadores em Ribeirão Preto; as vespas galhadoras também afetaram negativamente a produção de sementes em Gália e a produção de sementes e polinizadores em Teodoro Sampaio. No entanto, não foram detectadas, em geral, relações significativas entre as variáveis relacionadas ao potencial reprodutivo das figueiras e as características das paisagens estudadas. O presente estudo mostrou que o mutualismo Ficus-vespas de figo parece ser robusto às alterações da paisagem em escala subcontinental. O sistema reprodutivo alógamo das figueiras, com polinização biótica aprimorada pelo vento torna esse sistema biológico bastante insensível às modificações ambientais em pequena escala. / Brazilian forests, especially in the central and southeast regions, have been subject to intense habitat fragmentation. This study evaluated the fragmentation effects of semideciduous seasonal forests in São Paulo on the interaction between Ficus eximia and associated wasps (pollinating and non-pollinating). Our approach comprised two scales: (1) landscape scale, for which we compared data from the studied regions, namely Teodoro Sampaio (less fragmented), Gália (intermediate) and Ribeirão Preto (more fragmented) and (2) local scale, for which we considered the characteristics of the surrounding landscape of the sampled plant. The investigated issues were the following: (a) Is there pollen limitation in greatly degraded landscapes? (b) Does wasp community structure vary with fragmentation level and habitat disturbance? (c) Is it possible that limitations of pollen or parasitism by nonpollinating wasps compromise the primary fertility components of fig trees in the more fragmented landscape? To answer these questions, we collected figs at interfloral phase (after the pollinator had entered the fig and before offspring and seeds had completed their development) and figs close to wasp emergence phase. The results showed no evidence of pollination limitation in any studied landscape. The communities had a nested pattern, i.e., the species-poorest community Teodoro Sampaio is a subsample of the richer communities Ribeirão Preto and Gália. The availability of pollinating wasps appears to be greater in more fragmented landscapes. Inquiline fig wasps negatively affected seed and pollinator production in Ribeirão Preto; galler wasps also negatively affected seed production in Gália and seed and pollinator production in Teodoro Sampaio. However, significant relationships between variables related to fig reproductive potential and landscape characteristics were generally not detected. This study showed that Ficus-fig wasp mutualism appears to be resistant to landscape changes on a subcontinental scale. The reproductive system of fig biotic pollination enhanced by the wind makes this biological system rather insensitive to small-scale environmental changes.

Orientador: Silvia Hunold Lara / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-12T15:50:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MacCord_Marcelo_D.pdf: 2890786 bytes, checksum: 7ec31905b5d3967a399803be6bfe9f9d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / Resumo: No Brasil, a Constituição de 1824 extinguiu as corporações de ofício. Apesar da determinação legal, muitos costumes corporativos sobreviveram no Recife oitocentista. Valores como trabalho bem feito, honra, treinamento, perícia e inteligência continuaram a ser cultivados pelos mestres de ofício daquela cidade. Para escapar dos estigmas da escravidão e do "defeito mecânico", um grupo de artífices de pele escura criou uma associação que lhes proporcionaria o desejado aperfeiçoamento artístico e socorros mútuos. Além de suprir necessidades cotidianas, a nova entidade também visava o reconhecimento dos talentos e virtudes de seus membros. Adotando um discurso "modernizador", esses artífices especializados conseguiram transformar sua associação em um importante agente político e pedagógico, bem como controlar alguns setores do mercado da construção civil no Recife, garantir importantes conquistas pessoais e ascender socialmente. Dividida em cinco capítulos, esta tese discute o processo de formação dessa entidade e suas transformações internas em diferentes conjunturas políticas e sociais, bem como os desdobramentos que levaram a sua vinculação ao Liceu de Artes e Ofícios na década de 1870 / Abstract: In Brazil, the 1824 Constitution extinguished the artisans corporations. Despite the legal determination, many corporative uses survived in Recife during the eighteenth century. Values such as a well done work, honor, training, verification and intelligence continued to fill the imagination of the masters of arts of that city. In order to separate themselves from slavery and from the "mechanical defect", a group of black skin artisans created an association to help them to improve their art and mutual help. Besides covering daily needs, the new entity also wanted recognition for their talent and virtues. Adopting a "modernizing" speech, those specialized artisans transformed their association into an important political and pedagogical agent, get control over sectors of bilding market in Recife, important personal conquests and social mobility. / Doutorado / Doutor em História

Orientador: Claudio Henrique de Moraes Batalha / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-14T07:46:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Leuchtenberger_Rafaela_M.pdf: 2259233 bytes, checksum: 933d0a9615af6c07a69006a8adafa501 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / Resumo: Essa dissertação busca mapear e analisar o funcionamento das associações de socorro mútuo com caráter voluntário organizadas pelos trabalhadores de Florianópolis, entre os anos de 1886 e 1932, focando-se na análise dos sujeitos sociais envolvidos com tais instituições e em seus interesses e necessidades motivadoras. Trata-se de um estudo sobre os trabalhadores catarinense que possibilita a compreensão de um universo de relações, o qual vai muito além dos benefícios previdenciários a que tais instituições se propunham, possibilitando a verificação de evidências que atestam sobre as condições sociais dos trabalhadores na cidade, a existência de uma forte cultura associativa e o desenvolvimento de relações de identidade de classe. / Abstract: The aim of this piece of work is to delineate and analyze the operation of voluntary mutual help associations organized by workers in Florianópolis from 1886 to 1932, by focusing on the analysis of the social subjects involved in such institutions and their interests and motivational needs. This study on the Santa Catarina's workers allows the understanding of a whole universe of relationships which go beyond the social security benefits promoted by those institutions, making possible the verification of evidences which attest the workers social conditions in the city, the existence of a strong associative culture and the development of social class identities. / Mestrado / Historia Social / Mestre em História

Orientador: Claudio Henrique de Moraes Batalha / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-08T06:44:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Nomelini_PaulaChristinaBin_M.pdf: 3709636 bytes, checksum: 527ffa5dbae7857f74e98167e984b308 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / Resumo: Essa dissertação é um estudo das associações operárias mutualistas e recreativas em Campinas, entre 1906 e 1930. O principal objetivo dessa pesquisa é investigar o funcionamento dessas associações, o seu papel na mobilização operária campineira, os espaços sociais que construíram e a maneira como possibilitaram aos trabalhadores negociarem melhorias em suas vidas. O cotidiano administrativo dessas associações campineiras revela a forma como os trabalhadores criavam identidades e os mecanismos adotados para se posicionarem no debate político vigente. Torna-se um importante problema para a história do trabalho investigar o histórico dessas organizações operárias, auxiliando na compreensão sobre o modo de articulação dos trabalhadores, a diversidade da atuação social e como se relacionavam para atingirem determinados objetivos / Abstract: This dissertation is a study on workers¿ recreational associations and friendly societies in Campinas in the period between 1906 and 1930. The main goal is to investigate how these associations worked, the role they played in mobilizing workers, the social spaces they built, and the ways they allowed workers to negotiate improvements in their lives. The everyday administrative work in these associations reveals how workers established their identities and the mechanisms they used to participate in political debates. It is important to investigate the history of these workers¿ organizations, especially for labor history, since it would help to better understand how workers articulated, the diversity of social actions they took part in, and how they cooperated to reach specific goals / Mestrado

Orientador: Claudio Henrique de Moraes Batalha / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-08T08:28:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Canelas_LeticiaGregorio_M.pdf: 1282455 bytes, checksum: cfadb0df8baeb92edbfca1bbbebe1d55 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / Resumo: Em fevereiro de 1848 eclodiu em Paris a revolução que instaurou a Segunda República Francesa. Durante o processo revolucionário, foi marcante a atuação do movimento operário associativista, organizado principalmente em Paris. No entanto, foi derrotado nas barricadas de Junho de 1848, perdendo seu espaço sobre as diretrizes da nova República, mas continuou atuando minimamente com os militantes de classe média, socialistas e republicanos do partido da Montanha, os démocsocs. Com o apoio do partido da ordem, Luis Bonaparte, eleito presidente em dezembro de 1848, desferiu um Golpe de Estado em 2 de dezembro de 1851 e provocou a prisão e a proscrição de milhares de indivíduos da oposição republicana. Muitos destes se encontraram no exílio e tentaram, durante a década de 1850, construir um movimento de resistência, com o objetivo de se instaurar uma República Universal de todos os Povos da Europa. Posteriormente, estes partidários da república ficaram conhecidos como quarante-huitards (homens de 1848), expressão que indicava a idéia de uma tradição republicana, que além de democrática e socialista, também era anticlerical e extremamente antibonapartista. O assunto desta dissertação é a expressão do ¿espírito quarante-huitard¿ na Corte do Império Brasileiro na década de 1850, principalmente devido ao fato da existência de alguns exilados políticos em meio à comunidade francesa habitante do Rio de Janeiro. O semanário Courrier du Brésil (1854-1862) foi o principal suporte de manifestação destes franceses e a Sociedade Francesa de Socorros Mútuos (fundada em 1856) foi seu espaço privilegiado de atuação associativista. O grupo de franceses ligados ao Courrier du Brésil estabeleceu no Brasil uma rede de relações com brasileiros como o jovem Machado de Assis, Manuel Antônio de Almeida e os políticos liberais ligados ao jornal Diário do Rio de Janeiro ? que na década de 1870 participariam da fundação do Partido Republicano / Abstract: In February of 1848 came out in Paris, the revolution that restored the SecondFrench Republic. During the revolutionary process, the performance of the associativism working-class movement, organized mainly in Paris, stood out. However, it was defeated in the barricades of June of 1848, losing its space on the lines of direction of the new republic, but at least continued acting with the middle class militants, socialist and republican, of the party of the Mountain, démocsocs. With the support of the Party of the Order, Louis Bonaparte, elect president in December of 1848, brandished a Coup d'Etat in 2 of December of 1851 and provoked the arrest and the proscription of thousand of individuals of the republican opposition. Many of these found each other in the exile and had tried, during the decade of 1850, to construct a resistance movement, with the objective of establish a Universal Republic of all the Peoples of the Europe. Later, these partisans of the republic had been known as quarante-huitards (1848 men), expression that indicated the idea of a republican tradition, that beyond democratic and socialist, also were anticlerical and extremely anti-bonapartist. The subject of this work is the expression of the ¿spirit quarante-huitard¿ in the Court of the Brazilian Empire in the decade of 1850, mainly because of the fact of the existence of some exiled politicians among the French community in Rio de Janeiro. The weekly journal Courrier du Brésil (1854-1862) was the main support of manifestation of these Frenchmen and the Société Française de Secours Mutuels (established in 1856) was it's privileged space of associativist performance. The group of Frenchmen connected to the Courrier du Brésil established in Brazil a net of relations with brazilians as the young Machado de Assis, Manuel Antonio de Almeida and liberal politicians connected to the Journal Diário do Rio de Janeiro - that in the decade of 1870 would participate on the foundation of the Republican Party / Mestrado / Historia Social / Mestre em História

Abstract Most plants grow in association with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi in their roots forming the so-called AM symbiosis. AM symbiosis is usually beneficial to the host as it improves plant survival and performance. However, AM symbiosis also entails a cost to the plant in terms of the carbon allocated to the fungus. In sexually dimorphic plants, more than one type of individual can be recognised with regard to their sexual expression or gender. The cost of reproduction in these plants will differ in relation to the relative investment in male versus female function, as the female and the male sexual functions incur different costs. This different cost of reproduction may be translated into differences in other plant functions between the sexes as all functions are connected through trade-offs. Therefore, since sexes differ in resource needs and allocation patterns, and AM mediate resource acquisition and allocation patterns through imposing both costs and benefits to the plant, the sexes of dimorphic plant species may possess, at least theoretically, a different relationship with their AM roots symbionts. In this thesis, I have investigated whether the sexes in sexually dimorphic plant species differ in their mycorrhizal relationship, and if so, in which ways. Several plant life history traits were studied in the dioecious species Antennaria dioica and also in the gynodioecious Geranium sylvaticum using greenhouse, common-garden and field experiments. Resource acquisition, resource allocation, and both plant and fungal benefits from AM symbiosis were considered. Mainly beneficial effects of AM symbiosis were observed in both sexes of the two dimorphic plant species for most of the studied plant life history traits. Overall, both partners benefited from the AM association. However, several sex-specific benefits were detected which were not uniformly present in all experiments for any given trait. Moreover, the responses observed in certain life history traits were dependent on both the AM fungal and plant species involved in the symbiosis. Remarkably, plants gained sex-specific benefits from the same species of AM fungi and the fungal benefit differed depending on the sex of the host plant. In addition, mycorrhizal benefits were lost under certain environmental conditions. To summarise, the results obtained in this study highlight the complexity of AM interactions. My results suggest that the plant-mycorrhizal fungus relationship may differ depending on the sex of the host plant. Through sex-specific effects on survival, growth and reproduction of the hosts, AM fungi may play a role in the evolution of the life histories in the studied species. In addition, sex-specific relationships between plants and their mycorrhizal symbionts may have potential important consequences for the population dynamics of the sexual morphs and the coevolution of the mycorrhizal relationship.

Abstract Mutualism is often conditional and the associations vary from antagonism to mutualism along environmental conditions and genotypes of interacting species. I studied antagonism-mutualism continuum hypothesis of symbiosis experimentally using two different Epichloë/Neotyphodium endophytes and their host grasses, agricultural meadow fescues and natural fine fescue, as study systems. These systemic fungal endophytes live asymptomatically within aerial tissues of grasses, and are vertically transmitted to the next grass generation via seeds. Thus, asexual endophyte strains are dependent on the growth, survival and reproduction of their hosts. Epichloë/Neotyphodium endophytes are considered plant mutualists, because they improve the resistance of the host against various stresses, e.g. herbivores. In addition to experimental approach, I examined prevalence and genetic structure of Epichloë festucae in natural grass populations. Finally, current knowledge concerning grass endophytes was reviewed and the effects of variable environment and genetic background on the ecology and the evolution of grass-endophyte symbiosis were discussed. The endophyte improved the performance of the agronomic meadow fescues, but the beneficial effects were dependent on the grass cultivar and the growth environment. The endophyte-infected (E+) meadow fescues were more susceptible to the pathogenic snow molds and they suffered increased winter damage compared to the endophyte-free (E-) plants. Many natural Festuca rubra and F. ovina populations were either endophyte-free or had low infection frequency. The highest infection frequencies were found in subarctic areas where the infection incidence differed between habitats. Twenty out of the 25 E. festucae genotypes detected were carrying multiple alleles in microsatellite loci indicating multiple infections or vegetative hybridization of the fungus. A dominant genotype (63.5% of all isolates) occurred in all populations suggesting that this fungus is mainly asexual. E+ F. ovina seedlings performed worse than endophyte-free E- seedlings. In F. rubra, the river bank originated E+ seedlings allocated fewer, but longer and heavier tillers than the other seedlings indicating possible improved performance of the endophyte infected grasses in harsh river bank conditions. In short, I detected both positive and negative effects of endophyte infection on grasses varying along species, environment and genotypic background of study subjects. The results support the antagonism-mutualism continuum hypothesis.

Natural selection favours those individuals that respond best to novel features of their selective environment. For many, a critical challenge is responding to evolutionary change in mutualistic species. These responses create complex feedbacks, so only coevolutionary approaches are able to fully answer key questions about the maintenance or disruption of mutualistic behaviour, and explain the range of mechanisms that allow individuals to benefit from these associations. I first consider the hypothesis that economic models studying multiple classes of traders, where each trader seeks to optimise its own payoffs will yield insights into mutualistic systems. I show that individuals can be favoured to discriminate amongst potential partners based on the price for which they provide resources. Then, I show that market mechanisms can maintain cooperation and drive specialisation in mutualistic systems. I extend this market model to allow individuals to restrict a mutualistic partner's access to resources, and show that this strategy can stabilise cooperation and increase the fitness of both partners. I also explicitly incorporate relatedness in my market model. I show that high relatedness sometimes increases cooperativeness in members of a mutualistic species, but sometimes decreases cooperativeness as it narrow the scope for partner choice to maintain cooperation. Having studied market mechanisms, I consider indiscriminate costly help to members of another species. I discover that this trait can be favoured by natural selection and can be classified as either altruism between or altruism within species. Finally, I consider a framework for analysing coevolved phenotypic responses to a partner's cooperativeness, a challenging process to model. I demonstrate that this framework can yield firm predictions about behaviour whenever partners hold private information about their costs and benefits.

Orientadores: Ricardo Ribeiro Rodrigues, Marco Aurélio Pizo Ferreira / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-27T12:03:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Silva_FernandaRibeiroda_D.pdf: 2601060 bytes, checksum: 638333ef8a36efaf997c27c9ecd0a5fb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015 / Resumo: As atividades humanas têm levado à perda de habitats e da biodiversidade na floresta Atlântica. A restauração ecológica é uma estratégia para a reconstrução desse bioma e deve incluir não só o restabelecimento das espécies, mas também das complexas interações e funções ecológicas que essas interações fornecem ao ecossistema. Um desses importantes processos é a dispersão de sementes realizada pelos animais frugívoros. A dispersão de sementes pode ser analisada numa abordagem de redes de interações, úteis no entendimento do funcionamento do ecossistema. Nós estudamos redes de dispersão de sementes em três áreas restauradas a 15, 25 e 57 anos atrás, escala temporal raramente estudada em estudos de restauração. Nós investigamos mudanças na estrutura das redes (aninhamento, modularidade e especialização da rede) em cada uma dessas comunidades ao longo do tempo de restauração. Embora o tamanho da rede e o número de interações tenham aumentado com a restauração, as espécies que compuseram a rede foram generalistas, sendo que os grandes frugívoros estiveram ausentes. Contrário a nossa expectativa, a riqueza de espécies foi maior na área de 25 anos, talvez devido ao plantio ter sido realizado com maior número de espécies. O aninhamento foi baixo nas três redes, sendo maior na área de idade intermediária. Entretanto a área mais antiga foi significativamente modular e apresentou alta especialização. Estes resultados sugerem que 57 anos após a restauração a complexidade das redes de interações mutualísticas aumentou, assim melhorando as funções ecossistêmicas na floresta Atlântica. Nós juntamos as três redes de dispersão de sementes restauradas em uma para identificar a contribuição individual das espécies na organização e funcionamento da rede, medidas pelo aninhamento, modularidade e força de interação. Através dessas abordagens apontamos as espécies e os grupos funcionais mais importantes para a resiliência e persistência das redes de dispersão de sementes e que devem ser priorizados nas ações de restauração da Mata Atlântica / Abstract: Human activities have lead to the loss of habitats and biodiversity in the Atlantic Rain Forest in Brazil. Ecological restoration aims to rebuild this biome and should include not only the reinstatement of species, but the reestablishment of complex ecological interactions and the ecological functions that they provide. One such function is seed dispersal, which is provided by the interactions between animal frugivores and plants. We studied seed dispersal networks in three different tropical forest sites restored 15, 25 and 57 years ago, temporal scales rarely observed in restoration studies. We investigated changes in network structure (nestedness, modularity and network specialization) in these communities over restoration time. Although network size and the number of interactions increased with time since restoration, the networks were composed of generalist birds, and the large frugivores remained absent. Contrary to our expectations though, species richness was highest in the 25 years old site maybe due the highest number of species used in the planting. Nestedness values were low in all three networks, but the highest nestedness was observed in the intermediate aged site. However, the oldest network was significantly modular and showed higher complementary specialization. These results suggest that, 57 years after restoration, the complexity of mutualistic interactions in seed dispersal networks has increased, this enhancing ecosystem function in the Atlantic forest. Furthermore, we merged all three networks in a big one to identify which are the most important species in terms of nerwork organization (modularity and nestedness) and interaction strength. Through this approach we point out species and their functional groups most important to persistence of seed dispersal networks. These species and their functional groups should be indicated to maximize the restoration in the Atlantic forest / Doutorado / Biologia Vegetal / Doutora em Biologia Vegetal