Mémoire numérisé par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

Kunskap om svavelhalter i den svenska berggrunden är viktig när bergmassa ska losshållas och bearbetas, oavsett om det gäller gruvbrytning, infrastruktur eller andra byggnationer. Svavel förekommer ofta bundet i sulfider som oxiderar i kontakt med syre och vatten, vilket kan ha en försurande effekt på yt- och grundvatten. Sulfidförande berg har tidigare kartlagts mestadels i samband med malmprospektering och gruvbrytning. Det finns ganska omfattande svaveldata från norra Sverige, men det saknas tillräckligt med svavelmätningar i Stockholmsområdet för att dra några tydliga slutsatser om vart de förhöjda och potentiellt skadliga halterna av sulfider kan påträffas. Kandidatarbetet har utförts i samarbete med avdelningen för geologi och bergteknik på WSP i Stockholm, i syfte att få en bättre förståelse av vilka bergarter i Stockholmsområdet som kan förväntas inneha förhöjda halter av svavel och vart dessa bergarter kan förväntas påträffas. Under projektet har 329 prover av olika litologier samlats in och undersökts. Litologierna har kategoriserats till 7 förenklade bergartsgrupper. Proverna har skickats på geokemisk analys där olika metoder använts för att bland annat bestämma den totala svavelhalten hos bergarten. Vid halter över 1000 ppm har ytterligare analyser utförts med acid base accounting [ABA] samt net acid generation [NAG]. Dessa tester beskrivs i rapporten och används för att ta reda på om bergarten har försurande egenskaper. Bergartprovlokalerna har digitaliserats som punkter i geopackages i kartprogrammet QGIS. Punkterna för proverna har sammanförts med en digitaliserad version av Stålhös (1968) detaljerade geologiska karta över Stockholms berggrund. Svavelhalten i varje enskild stuff har kopplats till en yta från den sedimentära gnejsen, uppdelad enligt Stålhös (1968). Den producerade kartan har analyserats i QGIS för att ta fram geologiska och bergartskopplade trender av svavelhalten i Stockholms berggrund. 7 olika symmetriska histogram, så kallade fioldiagram, som visar svavelhalten och den relativa provdensiteten i respektive bergartskategori har tagits fram i rapporten. Slutligen har amfibolit och sedimentär gnejs, med underkategorin granatådergnejs identifierats som bergarterna med högst risk att innehålla förhöjda svavelvärden i Stockholmsområdets berggrund. / Knowledge of sulfur levels in the Swedish bedrock is important when rock mass is to be detached and processed in any way, whether it concerns mining, infrastructure, or other constructions. Sulfur is often found bound in sulfides that oxidize in contact with oxygen and water, which can have an acidifying effect on surface- and groundwater. Sulfide-bearing rock has previously been mapped mostly in connection with ore exploration and mining. There is quite extensive sulfur data from northern Sweden, but there are not enough Sulphur measurements in the Stockholm area to draw any clear conclusions about where the elevated and potentially harmful levels of sulfides can be found. The bachelor's thesis has been carried out in collaboration with the Division of Geology and Rock Engineering at WSP in Stockholm, with the aim of gaining a better understanding of which rocks in the Stockholm area can be expected to possess elevated levels of sulfur and where these rocks can be expected to be found. During the project, 329 samples of different lithologies have been collected and examined. The lithologies have been categorized into 7 simplified rock categories. The samples have been sent for geochemical analysis where different methods have been used to determine, among other things, the total sulfur content of the rock. At concentrations above 1000 ppm, further analyses have been performed using acid base accounting [ABA] and net acid generation [NAG]. These tests are described in the report and are used to find out if the rock has acidifying properties. The rock test premises have been digitized as points in geopackages in the QGIS mapping program. The points for the samples have been combined with a digitized version of Stålhös (1968) detailed geological map of Stockholm's bedrock. The sulfur content of each individual sample has been linked to an area from the sedimentary gneiss, divided according to Stålhös (1968). The produced map has been analyzed in QGIS to produce geological and rock-linked trends of the sulfur content in Stockholm's bedrock. 7 different violin graphs showing the sulfur content and relative sample density in each rock category have been produced in the report. Finally, amphibolite and sedimentary gneiss, with the subcategory of garnet vein gneiss, have been identified as the rocks with the highest risk of containing elevated sulfur values in the Stockholm bedrock area.

The thesis describes the relationship between the ancient Gnosticism as we know it from the Nag Hammadi library and as it is described in the works of early church fathers and New Testament. It outlines basic topics similar to all versions of a classical cosmogenic Gnostic myth. The subject of the faith in the resurrection of Jesus Christ and its relationship to the establishing a Church structure is discussed. Another topic is the problem of human free will and that of good and evil and its consequences for human morale. The ways of different understanding to it are presented, based on Old Testament story of Adam and Eve as reffered to in the book of Genesis.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-03T12:21:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Resumo.pdf: 96285 bytes, checksum: 350500d0ae4e4029b764b8bc982d6a64 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-06-01 / The encounter between Christianity and Greek culture was one of the greatest events in human history. This event allowed the expansion of Christianity beyond its homeland since the first century AD. In little time, Christianity was able to establish itself in several locations throughout the ancient world. This shift led its division into separate sections, each trusting Jesus in their own way. The one which was projected into North Africa fostered a type of Christianity with Gnostic traces. That possibility came to light from some writings found in this region in the mid-twentieth century and that was also attributed to that Christian part. This research has as its objective to analyze this Christian bias based on these findings. This group, considered a minority, had some claims on the official Christianity that regarded them as heretics. The researched target was the way the Gnostics saw Jesus since they considered themselves Christians. / O encontro entre o cristianismo e a cultura grega foi um dos grandes eventos ocorridos na história da humanidade. Esse acontecimento possibilitou a expansão do cristianismo para além de sua terra natal já a partir do primeiro século d.C. Em curto espaço de tempo o cristianismo foi capaz de se estabelecer em diversas localidades do mundo antigo. Esse deslocamento propiciou sua divisão em várias vertentes, cada uma interpretando Jesus a sua maneira. A que se projetou para o norte do continente africano fomentou um tipo de cristianismo, ao que tudo indica, com traços gnósticos. Essa possibilidade veio à tona a partir de alguns escritos encontrados nessa região em meados do século XX e atribuídos a essa vertente cristã. Esta pesquisa tem como proposta analisar esse viés cristão com base nessas descobertas. Esse grupo, considerado minoritário, possuía algumas reivindicações frente ao cristianismo oficializado que os considerava herege. O alvo pesquisado foi à concepção de Jesus que os gnósticos sustentavam uma vez que se consideravam cristãos.

Harmful substances containing acid or neutral rock drainages (ARD and NRD) are a major challenge related to the management of extractive industry wastes. This issue is particularly related to deposits containing sulphide minerals, which are prone to oxidization under the influence of atmospheric oxygen and water. The drainage quality depends mainly on the mineralogical and chemical composition of the extractive wastes, and especially on the ratio of acid-producing and neutralizing minerals, combined with reactions catalysed by microbes. Since harmful drainages play a major role in the generation of environmental issues for extractive industry, the accurate prediction of the drainage quality is of utmost importance. To design appropriate extractive waste facilities and drainage management, the characterisation of extractive wastes and assessment of the behaviour of the waste material is essential already before the actual mining activities start. Several methods have been developed to characterize extractive waste materials and to predict their short and long term behaviour, including e.g. geochemical laboratory tests, static tests and longer term kinetic tests, and geochemical modelling. The characterisation methods for assessing the ARD risk can be divided into static and kinetic tests. Static tests are short term laboratory analyses, usually used for preliminary investigation and screening. Kinetic tests are longer term tests, revealing information on the time scale of drainage events. Commonly used static tests for ARD prediction include acid–base accounting (ABA) tests and the net acid generation (NAG) test. Since acid and neutralisation potential largely depend on the ratio and quality of acid-producing and neutralizing minerals, mineralogical calculations could also be used for ARD prediction. The mobility of potentially harmful substances from extractive waste can be preliminary assessed using different geochemical laboratory tests, including selective extraction and leaching methods. The most commonly used selective extraction method in Finland is the aqua regia (AR) extraction. In addition to some silicates and secondary precipitate minerals, it is intended to dissolve elements bound especially to sulphide phases. A less commonly used method for element mobility prediction is the analysis of the single addition NAG test leachate. In this study, several Finnish waste rock sites were investigated and the performances of different preliminary drainage quality test methods evaluated and compared. The assessed acid production potential methods included the ABA test as presented in the standard EN 15875, the single addition NAG test as presented in the AMIRA guidebook, and a SEM mineralogy-based calculation. The assessed methods for element mobility prediction included the single addition NAG test leachate analysis and the AR extraction. According to the results, pyrrhotite seems to be the main mineral contributing to acid production, and the silicate minerals the main contributors to the neutralisation potential at the most Finnish waste rock sites. Since silicate minerals appear to have a significant role in ARD prevention, the behaviour of these minerals in mining environment should be more thoroughly investigated. In the investigated Finnish waste rocks, Co, Cr, Cu and Ni often occurred as elevated concentrations, and the most widely abundant harmful elements in the waste rock drainages were Co, Cu, Ni and Zn. The results suggest that an acid production prediction based on SEM mineralogical calculation is at least as accurate as the commonly used static laboratory methods. The AR extraction indicates well which elements might occur as elevated concentrations in the drainage. Also the NAG test leachate analysis performed well in element mobility assessment, but only when the NAG test leachate was sufficiently acidic, the leachate pH being below of 3-6, depending on the element of interest.

Denna uppsats skrevs som en del av Teologprogrammet på Umeå universitet inom ämnet exegetik och berörde det apokryfiska Thomasevangeliet. Thomasevangeliet är uppdelat i 114 Jesus-ord (logier) och av dessa är det endast 22 som inte har en parallell till Nya testamentets litteratur. Genom att göra en analys av de 22 logierna ville jag svara på vad logierna vill förmedla, vilken idéhistoria de speglar, samt varifrån de kan komma. Detta genomfördes genom att först beskriva Thomasevangeliets bakgrund, samt en kortare genomgång av det vetenskapliga läget när det kommer till Thomasevangeliets språk, datering och författarskap. Sedan analyserades olika textkommentarer om de olika logierna för att sätta in dem i sitt sammanhang och det materialet som togs fram låg sedan till grund för en diskuterande och komparativ analys där ytterligare vetenskapliga röster fick höras.  Genom denna analys och diskussion kunde sedan uppsatsens problemformulering besvaras. Logierna vill förmedla: -    Vikten av inre andlig insikt för att nå frälsningen. -    En legitimering av Thomastraditionens närvaro i sin samtid. -    Vikten av att vara kristen och närma sig Gud. Idéhistorien som evangeliets tidigare försattes i var en gnostisk miljö och även om det finns gnostiska drag i vissa av logierna är detta inte längre den rådande uppfattningen bland teologer. Idag är det istället andra tankar som tas i åtanke, som den syriska traditionen som evangeliet troligen skrev i. Jag kom fram till att det finns flera olika källor som kan ha påverkat Thomasevangeliets utformning och logier. Gammaltestamentliga apokryfer, judiska traditioner och läror, Ignatius av Antiochia, Platon är några troliga källor och Paulus teologi, Markions teologi och annan nytestamentlig litteratur är möjliga källor, men eftersom de var ungefär samtida med Thomasevangeliets daterade nedskrivning är det svårt att avgöra. Jag märkte också att det fanns en del gnostisk och apokryfisk litteratur som verkar varit inspirerade av Thomasevangeliet istället, till exempel Pistis Sophia, Frälsarens dialog och Filipposevangeliet. Det är möjligt att vissa gnostiska drag har tillkommit senare till Thomasevangeliet genom textbearbetningar och avskrivningar.  Uppsatsen är endast en ytskrapning på ett stort ämne och det finns flera aspekter som går att fördjupa sig på. Exempelvis språklig analys av manuskript eller om huruvida Jesus har sagt dessa Jesus-ord och inte bara blivit tillskriven dem. Denna uppsats skrevs som ett hoppfullt bidrag för att inspirera till ytterligare fördjupning i ett ämne med djup botten.

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Cette thèse porte sur le Codex V de Nag Hammadi en tant que produit d’une compilation copte dans l’Antiquité tardive. Nous le comparons à un autre groupe de textes qui circulaient à la même époque en copte, les hagiographies. Cette comparaison démontre l’existence de plusieurs thèmes et motifs littéraires communs aux deux corpora. Cela illustre qu’un lecteur copte connaissant les hagiographies en question pouvait également avoir de l’intérêt pour les textes du Codex V, étant donné que ce dernier contenait plusieurs thèmes et motifs en commun avec ce corpus. Ainsi, loin d’être un livre à saveur gnostique et hétérodoxe, étranger à la culture copte chrétienne – comme généralement suggéré par la recherche – le Codex V était un livre bien intégré à l’ambiance littéraire de l’Égypte de l’Antiquité tardive. De plus, suivant la théorie de la réception telle que théorisée par Jauss – en particulier son concept de « horizon of expectations » – nous utilisons ces thèmes et ces motifs littéraires pour interpréter les textes du Codex V à la lumière de leur contexte copte. Autrement dit, nous offrons une lecture copte du Codex V, et non pas une lecture « gnostique ». / The present dissertation deals with Nag Hammadi Codex V as the product of a late antique Coptic compilation. We compare it to another group of late antique Coptic texts, the hagiographies. This comparison shows the existence of many points of contact concerning literary themes and motifs between both of the corpora in question here. This demonstrates that a given Coptic reader – who knew the hagiographies in question – could also be interested in Codex V, since it displays many literary themes and motifs to which he was accustomed when reading Coptic hagiographies. Consequently, far from being a volume with a Gnostic and heterodox taste and alien to a Coptic context – as generally pictured by scholars – Codex V was very well placed in the literary environment of late antique Egypt. Moreover, following the theory of reception as it was theorized by Jauss – in particular the concept of “horizon of expectations” – we make use of these literary themes and motifs to interpret Codex V in the light of its Coptic context. In other words, we offer a Coptic reading of Codex V, instead of a “Gnostic” one.

Ce mémoire est une tentative de délimitation et analyse du corpus apocalyptique de la bibliothèque copte de Nag Hammadi. Le deuxième chapitre contient un survol sur l'histoire de la recherche sur la littérature apocalyptique à Nag Hammadi. Le troisième chapitre expose la problématique de recherche, c'est-à-dire, les questions qui seront posés pour l'analyse des textes, de même que la délimitation du corpus à analyser et un première classification de son contenu. Les chapitres 4 à 8 proposent une analyse du contenu apocalyptique des textes inventoriés au chapitre trois. Le dernier chapitre est une conclusion générale sur la délimitation et analyse des apocalypses et textes apocalyptiques à Nag Hammadi. / This dissertation is an attempt to delimit and analyse the Nag Hammadi apocalyptic corpus. The second chapter contains a survey on the research history on Nag Hammadi apocalyptic literature. The third chapter presents the research problematic, i.e. questions that will lead the dissertation, the delimitation of the corpus and a first classification of its content, Chapters 4 to 8 contain commentaries on texts, divided into the four categories suggested in chapter 3. The final chapter is a general conclusion about the delimitation and analysis of the Nag Hammadi apocalyptic corpus.

In this article, the author analyzes if the application of the Specific Antievasive Rules (NAE) is compatible in the scope of the Convention for the Avoidance of Double Taxation (CDI). For this purpose, he investigates if the Peruvian legal system adopts a monistic or dualistic position on the incorporation of CDI’s, so that the relationship between internal law and treaty by the technique of remission is established. / En el presente artículo, el autor analiza si es compatible la aplicación de las Normas Antielusivas Específicas (NAE) en el ámbito del Convenio para evitar la Doble Imposición (CDI). Para tal propósito, indaga sobre si el ordenamiento peruano adopta una postura monista o dualista sobre la incorporación de los CDI’S, de tal manera que se establezca la relación entre la ley interna y el tratado mediante la técnica de la remisión.