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Coherence and control of single spins in diamond nanocrystalsKnowles, Helena Sofia January 2015 (has links)
No description available.
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AMINO ACID FUNCTIONALIZED NANODIAMONDS AS GENE DELIVERY VECTORS: SYNTHESIS, PHYSICOCHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION AND CELLULAR INTERACTION STUDIES2015 September 1900 (has links)
Nanodiamonds (NDs) are the most biocompatible member of the carbon nanofamily which are widely researched for diagnostic and therapeutic applications. Unlike other carbon nanomaterials, the surface of NDs is innately reactive, hence capable of conjugating various chemical moieties for targeted actions. This work focuses on utilizing the surface reactivity of NDs for gene therapeutics and addressing the challenges associated with its application in the biological environment. Pristine carboxylated NDs were functionalized with basic amino acids (lysine and lysyl-histidine) through covalent conjugation via a three carbon chain linker. Amino acid functionalized NDs were characterized by infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetry and size and zeta potential measurements. Lysine conjugation was evident through a marked change in the zeta potential of ND dispersion from negative to a high positive value (-54.6 mV to +26.3 mV). The thermogram of lysine functionalized NDs (Lys-NDs) revealed a significant weight loss from 150ᵒC to 700ᵒC confirming the functionalization through loss of amino acid conjugates from the surface and total loading was calculated as 1.97 mmols/g. Lys-NDs also showed optimum binding with pDNA and siRNA at weight ratios of 1:1 and 1:20 (pDNA/siRNA:ND), respectively. Functionalization of NDs with lysine contributed to limiting aggregation and enhancing the colloidal stability of ND dispersions in biological milieu. The aqueous dispersion of lys-NDs showed minimum sedimentation and remained stable over a period of 25 days. Average sizes under 100 nm and zeta potentials higher than +20 mV indicate a preservation of the cationic surface throughout the testing period. Moreover, size distributions and zeta potentials changed significantly upon incubation of lys-NDs with blood serum suggesting an interaction with biomolecules, mainly proteins and a possible formation of a protein corona.
Cellular internalization of bare lys-NDs and their diamoplexes (i.e. complexes of NDs with nucleic acids) was assessed through scanning transmission X-ray microscopy and flow cytometry. Functional efficiency of lysine NDs was determined by flow cytometry monitoring the GFP knockdown through anti-GFP siRNA delivery. Results reveal a promising GFP knockdown of ~17% upon treating the cells with NDs/siRNA diamoplexes at a ratio of 20:1. Subsequent analyses regarding the effect of NDs to prevent cellular proliferation and to cause cellular apoptosis confirmed that they are innately biocompatible at a wide range of concentrations. Unlike lysine NDs, lysyl-histidine functionalization was limited and the surface loading of this conjugate on NDs was very low. Therefore, they were unable to bind pDNA and siRNA even at high weight ratios and hence demand design modifications.
Overall this work demonstrates a novel approach of functionalizing NDs with basic amino acids capable of enhancing colloidal stability and delivering of therapeutic genes into mammalian cells. It represents an important step in the development of safe and efficient gene therapy for inherited and acquired diseases.
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An in vitro study of the properties of GICs with bioactive biomaterial modificationMulder, Riaan January 2019 (has links)
Philosophiae Doctor - PhD / The fluoride release and chemical adherence to tooth structure remain the most desirable
features of glass ionomer restorative cements (GICs). Although the physical properties for
multi-surface restorations are well-defined, even with the introduction of newer GICs not all
demands have been met. Yet, increased use of GICs will only be possible if clinicians change
their perceptions of the low survival rate of GICs. The lower clinical success rate of GICs is
partly due to the marginal integrity and wear over time, which has often been recorded in the
literature as restoration failure. The current, well-established restorative options for the
primary dentition are Resin Modified Glass Ionomers (RMGICs) and Compomer resins.
There is a paradigm shift towards materials that are more biologically favourable. Areas of
research for dental materials include antibacterial properties in conjunction with ion release to
maintain healthy restored teeth. If a GIC can provide adequate physical properties with the
inclusion of the aforementioned features, GICs might become a more viable permanent
restorative solution.
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Nitrogen incorporation in nanodiamond depositionTsui, Kin Chung. January 2005 (has links) (PDF)
Thesis (M.Sc.)--City University of Hong Kong, 2005. / At head of title: City University of Hong Kong, Department of Physics and Materials Science, Master of Science in materials engineering & nanotechnology dissertation. Title from title screen (viewed on Sept. 4, 2006) Includes bibliographical references.
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Manufacturing of metal-free carbon-based catalysts for styrene production / Développement des catalyseurs sans métaux à base de carbone pour la production de styrèneBa, Housseinou 24 July 2015 (has links)
Le styrène (ST) est l'un des monomères aromatiques insaturés les plus importants dans l'industrie pétrochimique moderne. Le procédé de déshydrogénation (DH) de l'éthylbenzène (EB) en ST, représentant actuellement 90% de la production de ST, nécessite l'utilisation de catalyseurs hautement actifs et stables, et permettant un grand transfert de masse. Dans ce travail, nous avons développé de nouveaux matériaux sans métaux à base de carbone, utilisant les nanodiamants (NDs) comme phase active pour la production de ST. Les NDs ont été déposés sur différents supports 2D et 3D à base de carbure de silicium et de carbone, permettant d'améliorer leur dispersion, et conduisant ainsi à un catalyseur exempt de métal très stable avec des performances en DH élevées. Nous avons également réussi à synthétiser des matériaux carbonés dopés à l'azote (N@C) présentant une activité élevée et stable en DH comparée à celle obtenue sur NDs. Cette phase active N@C a été obtenue à partir de produits alimentaires (le D-glucose, l'acide citrique et le carbonate d'ammonium) par un procédé facile à mettre en œuvre, et peut aussi très bien être déposée sur d'autres supports macroscopiques. / Styrene (ST) is one of the most important unsaturated aromatic monomers in modern petrochemical industry. The catalytic dehydrogenation reaction (DH) of ethylbenzene (EB) into styrene, which accounts for 90% of the ST production, demands highly activated and stabilized catalysts, as well as easily handing and efficient mass diffusion. In this work, we developed novel metal-free carbon-based materials using nanodiamonds (NDs) as an active phase for potential industrial catalysts for the direct dehydrogenation route to produce ST. The NDs were successfully immobilized on different 2D and 3D carbon-based and silicon carbide supports which could help to improve their dispersion, leading to metal-free catalyst with high catalytic performance and stability. We have also succeeded in synthesizing nitrogen-doped carbon materials (N@C) displaying a high and stable dehydrogenation activity for the ST production in place of NDs. These active N@C catalysts were produced from food processing materials, i.e. D-glucose, citric acid and ammonium carbonate, and could be also easily dressed on macroscopic supports by a facile and scalable method.
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Fundamental techniques for cell membrane studies at sub-micrometer scale / サブマイクロメートルスケール細胞膜研究の基盤技術Genjo, Takuya 23 March 2020 (has links)
京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(工学) / 甲第22464号 / 工博第4725号 / 新制||工||1738(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院工学研究科分子工学専攻 / (主査)教授 梅田 眞郷, 教授 水落 憲和, 准教授 菅瀬 謙治 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Philosophy (Engineering) / Kyoto University / DGAM
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Elucidating the mechanisms of nanodiamond-promoted structural disruption of crystallised lipidHughes, Zak, Walsh, T.R. 14 September 2016 (has links)
Yes / The removal or structural disruption of crystallised lipid is a pivotal but energy-intensive step in a wide range of industrial and biological processes. Strategies to disrupt the structure of crystallised lipid in aqueous solution at lower temperatures are much needed, where nanoparticle-based strategies show enormous promise. Using the aqueous tristearin bilayer as a model for crystallised lipid, we demonstrate that the synergistic use of surfactant and detonation nanodiamonds can depress the onset temperature at which disruption of the crystallised lipid structure occurs. Our simulations reveal the molecular-scale mechanisms by which this disruption takes place, indicating that the nanodiamonds serve a dual purpose. First, the nanodiamonds are predicted to facilitate delivery of surfactant to the lipid/water interface, and second, nanodiamond adsorption acts to roughen the lipid/water interface, enhancing ingress of surfactant into the bilayer. We find the balance of the hydrophobic surface area of the nanodiamond and the nanodiamond surface charge density to be a key determinant of the effectiveness of using nanodiamonds to facilitate lipid disruption. For the nanodiamond size considered here, we identify a moderate surface charge density, that ensures the nanodiamonds are neither too hydrophobic nor too hydrophilic, to be optimal.
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Diamond chemical vapor deposition and practical applicationsChen, Yu-Chun, Wilamowski, Bogdan M. Tzeng, Y. January 2009 (has links)
Dissertation (Ph.D.)--Auburn University,2009. / Abstract. Vita. Includes bibliographic references (p.95-104).
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Modification de surface de nanodiamants par des groupements phosphorés / Surface modification of nanodiamonds by phosphate and phosphonate groupsCasanovas Presti, Charlène 29 September 2014 (has links)
Les nanodiamants font l'objet d'un intérêt croissant dans différents domaines tels que la physique (grâce aux propriétés photo-physiques dues aux défauts azotés dans la maille cristalline), la chimie des matériaux (synthèse de nouveaux matériaux composites avec des performances mécaniques accrues), la tribologie (lubrification, polissage) et la biologie (comme agents de contraste ou vecteurs de molécules actives, …). Le développement de nouveaux matériaux fonctionnels à base de nanodiamants nécessite de poursuivre des études fondamentales sur la fonctionnalisation et la caractérisation de leur surface. Plusieurs méthodes de fonctionnalisation de surface ont déjà été proposées, mais beaucoup de possibilités n'ont pas encore été explorées.L'objectif de ce projet de recherche est de mettre au point de nouvelles voies de modification de surface de nanodiamants et de développer des techniques de caractérisation de ces matériaux. Les nanodiamants que nous étudions sont commerciaux. Ils sont obtenus par détonation puis purifiés et comportent des fonctions oxygénées en surface (alcool, acide carboxylique, cétone, etc). Nous proposons de fonctionnaliser la surface de ces nanodiamants en faisant réagir les fonctions alcool de surface avec des chlorures d'acides phosphorique ou phosphonique. Une première partie des résultats concerne le greffage par le trichlorure de phosphoryle (POCl3) conduisant à la fonctionnalisation par des espèces phosphates. La seconde partie présente le greffage de chlorure d'acides phosphoniques (RPOCl2) permettant le greffage de phosphonates.Les nanodiamants modifiés sont étudiés par différentes techniques de caractérisation, notamment par spectroscopie infrarouge (FTIR), analyse thermogravimétrique (ATG), résonance magnétique nucléaire (RMN) en phase solide du 31P, 13C et 1H, analyses élémentaires, diffraction des rayons X (DRX) et microscopie électronique à transmission (MET).Enfin, en collaboration avec l'Ecole des Mines d'Alès, nous avons débuté l'étude de composites polymère/nanodiamants, et les premiers résultats sont présentés dans une troisième partie. / Nanodiamonds are increasingly studied in different fields such as physics (through spontaneous photoluminescence properties due to nitrogen-vacancy centers), tribology (lubrication, polishing), materials science (nanocomposites) or biology (drug or gene delivery, bio-labeling). The development of nanodiamonds-based materials with new properties requires continuing further fundamentals studies on the functionalization and characterization of their surface. Several methods of surface functionalization have already been proposed but many possibilities have not yet been explored.The objective of this research project is to develop new ways of surface modification of nanodiamonds and develop techniques for the characterization of these materials. The nanodiamonds studied here are commercial. They are obtained by detonation then purified and their surface is covered by oxygenated functions (alcohol, carboxylic acid, ketone, aldehyde, etc.). We propose to functionalize the surface of these nanodiamonds by reacting the alcohol surface functions with phosphoric or phosphonic acid chlorides. The first part of the results concerns the grafting by phosphoryl trichloride (POCl3) leading to the functionalization by phosphate species. The second part presents the grafting of phosphonic acid chlorides (RPOCl2) leading to phosphonate surface species.Surface modifications are monitored by several characterization methods such as infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H, 13C and 31P solid-state NMR), elemental analysis, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electronic microscopy (TEM).In addition, in collaboration with the Ecole des Mines d'Alès, we started the study of polymer/nanodiamonds composites, and the first results are presented in a third part.
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Elaboration de matériaux à base de carbure de silicium et à porosité contrôlée / SiC based materials elaboration with controlled porosityBallestero, Anthony 13 July 2016 (has links)
Les polymères précéramiques à base de silicium ont été proposés vers la fin des années 50 comme précurseurs de céramiques non oxydes, matériaux que l’on définira plus tard par « Polymer Derived Ceramics (PDCs)». Comparées aux méthodes de synthèses traditionnelles, la voie dite des polymères précéramiques ou encore PDCs offre de nombreux avantages en terme de composition, structure et texture des céramiques. Grâce à ses propriétés intrinsèques, (thermiques, résistances chimiques et mécaniques, comportement semi-conducteur...) le carbure de silicium (SiC) et ses dérivés azotés (carbonitrure de silicium SiCN) peuvent être considérés comme des matériaux appropriés pour la préparation de nouvelles générations de membranes céramiques dédiées en particulier aux procédés de production de l’hydrogène (à partir du CO2, CH4 ou de la réaction de dissociation de l’eau par exemple). En mettant en oeuvre la voie PDCs, un matériau SiC hydrophobe et amorphe adapté aux procédés de séparation de l’hydrogène, possédant un bon couplage perméance/sélectivité associé à une excellente stabilité thermostructurale au delà de 500°C peut être proposé. Néanmoins, l’utilisation de polymères précéramiques induit un changement dimensionnel important au cours de la pyrolyse permettant la conversion du polymère en céramique. Des contraintes mécaniques résiduelles induites par ce retrait volumique entraînent la formation de défauts, de fissures et parfois l’effondrement de la structure lorsque le polymère précéramique est mis en forme. Dans le cadre de cette étude, nous proposons d’élaborer des supports macroporeux ou mousses microcellulaires, des revêtements mésoporeux ainsi que des revêtements microporeux à base de SiC pour, à terme, proposer un matériau à base de SiC et à porosité hiérarchisée pour une utilisation en séparation gazeuse. l’allylhydridopolycarbosilane (AHPCS) est utilisé comme précurseur SiC. Après avoir fait un état de l’art dans le chapitre I et décrit les matériaux et méthodes dans le chapitre II, deux stratégies sont mises en œuvre dans les chapitres III et IV pour générer ces différents matériaux avec un meilleur contrôle du changement dimensionnel du polymère. Dans une première stratégie (chapitre III), des charges passives (nanodiamants) et actives (particules de bore) sont introduites dans l’AHPCS pour générer des formulations avec différentes proportions de charges et s’opposer ainsi au retrait volumique du polymère au cours de la pyrolyse et élaborer des matériaux composites. Dans une seconde stratégie qui fait l’objet du chapitre IV, une approche moléculaire à source unique est proposée. Elle consiste à introduire l’élément bore à l’échelle moléculaire dans l’AHPCS pour en augmenter son rendement céramique et donc réduite la perte de masse que subira l’AHPCS modifié au cours de la pyrolyse. Dans ces chapitres III et IV, des structures monolithiques denses sont élaborées pour mieux observer le changement dimensionnel au cours de la conversion polymère-céramique. Les formulations et précurseurs synthétisés et sélectionnés serviront alors de précurseurs de matériaux macroporeux, mésoporeux et microporeux dans le chapitre V. / Preceramic polymers have been proposed in the late fifty’s as non-oxide silicon based ceramic precursors generally called PDCs for “Polymer Derived Ceramics”. Compared to traditional synthesis ways, the PDCs route can offer many advantages in terms of compositions, structures and textures of ceramics. Due to its intrinsic properties (thermal, chemical and mechanical resistance, semi-conductor behavior,...), silicon carbide (SiC) and their derivatives with nitrogen (silicon carbonitride, SiCN) can be considered as one of the best materials for the next generation of ceramic based membranes, in particular in the hydrogen production processes (from CO2, CH4 or through the water gas shift reaction for example). By investigating the PDCs route, a hydrophobic and amorphous SiC material suitable for hydrogen separation process exhibiting good permeability/selectivity ratio, high thermal mechanical and chemical resistance coupled with a good stability under wet atmosphere up to 500°C can be proposed. However, the use of preceramic polymrers induces an important dimensional modification during the pyrolysis allowing the conversion from polymer to ceramic. Residual stresses caused by the volume shrinkage leads to the formation of cracks or even collapses of the structure of shaped preceramic polymers. This study is focused on the elaboration of SiC based macroporous substrates or microcellular foams, mesoporous and microporous coatings in the aim to propose a SiC based material showing a hierarchized porosity dedicated to gaseous separation applications. The AllylHydridoPolycarbosilane (AHPCS) is used as SiC precursor. After the chapters I and II, respectively dedicated to a literature review and the materials and methods used, two strategies are enforced in the chapters III and IV to generate these materials with a better control of the polymer dimensional change. In the first strategy (chapter III), passive (nanodiamonds) and active (boron particles) fillers are introduced in the AHPCS to generate some formulations with different fillers proportions and opposing to the volume shrinkage of the polymer during the pyrolysis and create composite materials. In the second strategy (chapter IV), a single molecular source approach consisting of the introduction of boron at the molecular state in the AHPCS is proposed. This introduction of boron leads to increase the ceramic yield and to reduce the mass loss of the modified AHPCS during the pyrolysis. In the chapters III and IV, monolithic dense structures are developed to better understand the dimensional change occurring during the pyrolysis. Synthetized and selected formulations and polymers will serve as precursors for macroporous, mesoporous and microporous materials in the chapter V.
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