No description available.

This paper analyzes the evolution of the Front national (FN), a French political party on the far right, from its initial breakthrough victory in 1984 all the way through to its unprecedented showing in France’s 2017 presidential election. The most obvious change it explores is that of leadership, seeking to determine in what ways the ‘original’ FN controlled by its founder Jean-Marie Le Pen (1972-2011) differs from the party’s ‘new’ incarnation under his daughter Marine Le Pen (2011-present). It begins by examining the makeup and motivations of the party’s electorate in the 1984 elections to the European Parliament, and by identifying the FN’s ideological predecessors more broadly. With a focus on the turning-point presidential elections of 2002, 2007, and 2012, the paper then follows the development of the party’s rhetoric, strategy, and supporters since the 1980s, as well as how it is perceived by the wider public. Throughout, attention is paid to unique factors that have impacted the FN’s trajectory, such as the gender difference between Jean-Marie and Marine, former President Nicolas Sarkozy’s courting of right-wing voters, and the influence of terrorism. It concludes by noting the hidden ‘victories’ that the FN has achieved, and with a warning never to underestimate the party, even when it seems to have suffered a loss.

The diploma thesis "Youth press in 1945 - 1948" focuses on the historical context of the time period after the WWII, the political parties of the National front and a brief description of press focusing on the youth organizations within political parties and the SČM (Union of Czech youth) titles. After the WWII young people have spontaneously created SČM, which was meant to be non-partisan base for all young people, regardless of political or religious beliefs. But SČM was often the cause of conflicts between the political parties of the National front. Young people were an important group of voters for all parties and thus, with the exception of the Communists, who liked the idea of a one united association, sooner or later all the political parties started to fight for their own youth unions. An important role in this struggle played their youth press: Mladý socialista (social democratic youth), Mladé proudy (national socialistic youth), Vývoj (Christian democratic youth) and as the opposite Mladá fronta (journal of the Union of Czech youth). In the individual titles can be watched ideological struggle and escalating rivalry not only between parties, but especially between the parties and the SČM, which was slowly becoming the organization in the hands of the Communists.

The aim of this diploma thesis is to analyze the Network of the French National Front and grasp the environment in which the party lives. The network of this French political party is represented by organizations of various types and is expanded through party press. The work examines how the party's associates influence activity within the political party and whether they are beneficiaries of the parties success and its continual development. At first there is the definition of the far right which is complemented by the historical evolution of the term. Following this is a description of far-right groups influencing the emergence of the National Front in 1972. These groups can be observed with some similarities in the organizational structure of the groups within the National front. Therefore it is important to describe the current organizational structure of the party so it can be understood how the party is presently managed. Every political party needs enough qualified people to effectively function, in this chapter the process for recruiting new members and their training is explored. The central part of the thesis is an analysis of associated organizations which aid the party in infiltrating society to disseminate propaganda, recruit new voters and activists and last but not least, raise...

(in English): This thesis deals with the phenomenon of populism on examples from contemporary France. Regarding the complexity of the concept and also the fact that scholars couldn't find a consensus on its definition, the author decided to examine it through Ernesto Laclau`s theory of populism which centers the construction of the people. Being oriented in French modern history and politics, the author chose for her analysis the current political movements - La France Insoumise and the National Front, which are discourses are centered on the construction of the people. Within the period between 2016 and 2018, she observed the way in which the notion of the people was constructed by the main representatives of both movements (especially the chairman of the National Front Marine Le Pen and the chairman of La France Insoumise Jean-Luc Mélenchon) with the aim to trace whether these movements differed and what role their leaders played. To illustrate her discourse analysis, the author conducted several semi-structured interviews with activists of the investigated movements and participated in organized public events. She concludes that there exists a difference between the construction of the people by National Front and by La France Insoumise same as their leaders often disagree with its activist...

No description available.

Diploma thesis Transformation of the National Front under the leadership of M. Le Pen discusses the influence of the new chairwoman on political party. Thesis deals with the far-right National Front in context of both political and partial systems of the Fifth republic in the background of historical development of far-right parties. Work aims to uphold the hypothesis that in the life of political parties play an important role its leader, who influences the transformation of the political party and to map the current activities of M. Le Pen, who replaced her father, J.-M. Le Pen, after nearly four decades at the leader post. Replacing the leader represented a significant step in history of party as it was for a long time strongly personified with the person of J.-M. Le Pen, who managed to lead the party, despite its internal diversity. New chairwoman, who, unlike her father has no emphasis on the memories of the past, which was the World War II, the Vichy Regime and French Algeria, tries to modernize the party for a new generation of voters. With the entry of M. Le Pen at the head of the National Front there were tendencies to interpret the change of leader as a beginning of the new era of the new type of political party what was supported by the rhetoric of the new President. The work is...

Muslim culture and society has been a part of the Philippine islands in spite of nearly ninety-five percent of the population being Christian (a majority Catholic), yet did not become a separatist movement until the 1970's. Since then, the two main separatist groups the Moro National Liberation Front (MNLF) and the Moro Islamic Liberation Front (MILF) have been battling the Philippine government. The parties entered truces in 1996 and 2001, yet there has been a cycle of violence continues. The Abu Sayyaf Group (ASG), linked to Al Qaeda, emerged in 1990 and has launched many attacks on the Christian Philippine majority. The prolonged Muslim unrest in the ARMM has left thousands dead and hundreds of thousands displaced. The main objective of this research paper is to examine Philippine economic and political development and its impact on Philippine Muslim unrest. This paper presents a critical analysis of the economic and political development and Philippine Muslim unrest by examining six major features of the Philippines; they are: The historical evolution, economic development, political development, socio-cultural setting, geographic setting, and the quality of life of the Filipino people. This research also examines Fareed Zakaria's illiberal democracies theory, liberal institutionalism, and the Marxist theory of class revolution and primarily relies on research conducted at the University of the Philippines and from Philippine and Asian scholars. By taking a holistic comprehensive approach and by using international relations theory, this research fills two gaps in the literature about Philippine Muslim unrest. The research concludes with a look at future challenges, both short term and long term that face the country, as well as, possible future scenarios. The findings of this research are that the economic and political development and the historical evolution, though major contributory factors, are not the sole reason for the prolonged Philippine Muslim unrest. The most pervasive causal factor to Muslim unrest was the socio-cultural setting. Because of the all-pervasive nature of culture; at first glance, the socio-cultural setting was not a major apparent cause. At almost all times examined throughout this research, certain cultural tendencies guided decisions and altered the course of events more so than any other single variable. Corruption, crony capitalism, patrimonialism, and irrational institutions all stem from the tendencies of Philippine culture must be addressed to find lasting peace in the country. A move toward rational legal institutions and liberal constitutionalism, will lead the way to the creation of a liberal democracy and break the cycle of violence occurring in the Philippines.

The study can be typified as "a probing case study in comparing the policies of the most prominent political groupings (AKTUR, DTA, NNF and SWAPO-N) regarding a new society for South West Africa/Namibia". The paper consists of four chapters, namely a Theoretical Perspective, in order to orientate the readers regarding the specific problematics dealt with in the paper; a Relevant Historical Perspective, since the present political dispensation in South West Africa/Namibia is characterised by "dissension” that must be seen against the background of eight variables which worked in cumulatively on the territory over a period of a century; the Comparative Analysis of Specific Aspects of Policy, in which the degree of similarity and difference among specific policy trends of the four most prominent political groupings is examined; and an Evaluation, which is a synthetical summary of the preceding analysis especially in Chapter 111. / Political Sciences / M.A. (Internasionale Politiek)

1 Abstract Adamů Miloš: Czechoslovak Embassy in Moscow in the years 1945-1948 Praha: The Faculty of Arts of Charles University in Prague, 2011 188 s., The diploma thesis. The thesis monitors and evaluates the activities of the Czechoslovak Embassy in Moscow in the critical post-war years 1945-1948. It attempts to process the structure of the diplomatic and partly personnel corps, including changes that gradually occurred in the office. The task of the thesis is also monitoring the influence of inland events on the running of the embassy and its important leaders in those four years. The thesis largely follows the events of February 1948, which meant milestone situations for the Czechoslovak Embassy's activities and significantly influenced the lives of most of its employees. The ambassadors take the important place and they are given a high attention. The thesis also notes the fates of the selected persons in 1948. Key words: Embassies, Diplomatic Corps, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the Soviet Union, MID, National Front, the political parties of NF, communism, action committee.