Šios disertacijos tikslas – išanalizuoti tapatumo problematikos akcentus bei kaitą pasirinktų lietuvių išeivių/emigrantų svetur rašytuose literatūriniuose tekstuose. Disertacijos tematika nubrėžia probleminius klausimus, kurių išsamesnis atskleidimas neapseina be tarpdisciplininio teorinio pagrindimo. Taikomas sociologinis metodas, istorinės ir kultūrinės prieigos, kai kurie dekonstrukcijos elementai. 1990 m., Lietuvai atkūrus nepriklausomybę, ženkliai pagausėjo emigracija į kitas šalis, kas iš dalies tapo impulsu kūrybai užsienio šalyse. Šio darbo objektas – lietuvių rašytojų išeivijoje parašyti romanai: Valdo Papievio „Vienos vasaros emigrantai“ (2003 m.) bei „Eiti“ (2010 m.), Irenos Mačiulytės-Guilford „Glėbys“ (2003 m.) ir Antano Šileikos „Bronzinė moteris“ (2009 m.) bei „Pogrindis“ (2012 m.) ir tapatumo išraiškos būdai juose. Valdas Papievis gimė ir pradėjo savo kūrybinį kelią Lietuvoje iki persikėlimo į Paryžių 1995 m. Tuo tarpu du kiti autoriai – antrosios kartos Kanados lietuviai, rašantys jau anglų kalba. Visų analizuojamų romanų protagonistų būtis balansuoja tarp kelių tapatumų. Analizuojant tapatumo problematiką aktualizuota vietos pakeitimo svarba, liminalios erdvės samprata, kito kategorija. Taikomos tokios sąvokos, kaip slenkstis, kultūrinė briauna, kultūrinio hibridiškumo terminas, dalinio subjekto kategorija, naratologinė galimų pasaulių teorija, sociologinės prieigos, galimų tapatybių teorija, kolektyvinės ir socialinės atminties fenomenas. Minėtos teorinės... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The goal of this work is to analyse how identity is represented in recent novels by writers of Lithuanian origin living outside the homeland, using a methodology that combines literary, cultural and sociological approaches. With renewed independence in 1990, emigration has strongly increased, as have the number of literary works that refer to problems of identity. The object of the analysis is five novels by three writers: Irena Mačiulyte-Guilford‘s Glebys, 2003 ( The Embrace, l999), Antanas Šileika‘s Bronzinė moteris, 2009 ( Woman in Bronze, 2004) and Pogrindis, 2012 ( Underground, 2011), and Valdas Papievis‘ Vienos vasaros emigrantai, 2009 and Eiti, 2010. Papievis, who grew up in Soviet Lithuania, has continued writing in Lithuanian since settling in Paris in 1995, while the other two writers are second-generation Canadian Lithuanians writing in English. The protagonists of all the novels live between more than one identity. To understand their problems, in addition to postcolonial concepts like mimicry, hybridity and the in-between, and the narratological theory of possible worlds, sociological approaches to identity are also used: the imaginary community, identity negotiations, possible selves and social and collective memory. These help distinguish similarities and differences among the novels; their protagonists may be trapped by historical forces (Pogrindis) or feel they can never reconcile confronting identities (Glebys), or may find a creative solution (Bronzinė... [to full text]

Current scholarship recognizes that music is a powerful channel that can manifest individual identity. But such research takes for granted music as a symbol of collective cultural identity, and, therefore, neglects examining how music in general, but musical performance in particular, functions to produce and reproduce a society at large. Indeed, what is missing is a rigorous understanding of not only how the act of performing forms collective identity, but also how it acts as an agency, indeed, perhaps the only agency that enables this process. As Thomas Turino suggests, externalized musical practice can facilitate the creation of emergent cultural identities, and help in forming life in new cultural surroundings. The present thesis examines the dynamics between cultural identity and music from the perspective of the performing musician. By examining musical situations in the context of the Armenian – Canadian diaspora, I will show how performers themselves both evoke feelings of nostalgia for the homeland and maintain the traditions of their culture through the performance event, while simultaneously serving as cultural ambassadors for the Armenian – Canadian community. My thesis outlines four key themes that are crucial in understanding the roles of musicians in Armenian culture. They are tradition bearer, educator, cultural ambassador, and artisan. As boundaries between peoples and nations progressively blur, I conclude that performance proves a vital medium where a search for national identity can occur, frequently resulting in the realization of one’s ethnic identity. Ultimately, without the labors of the performing musician, music would be unable to do the social work that is necessary in forming cultural, social, or even personal identities.

The purpose of this study is to concentrate on the changing discourses in Turkish history and their constitutive themes in positioning the self&amp / #8211 / image of the minorities, i.e., Armenians and Greeks, the Turks being other. The research is carried out on the basis of the literary works produced by the intellectuals / authors of these minorities. The historical context, which is taken as the reference point for these discourses, covers the period from the late Ottoman Period up to the early 1960s. Furthermore, the study explores how the ethnic minorities constructed their identities in the last century. This study also seeks to find out which discourses have been the leading ones through history and to determine the continuities and ruptures in the use of themes by these ethnic groups to construct their identities. In addition, policies and ideologies attributed to the state by the minorities are tackled with the literary works and main discursive elements used by minority groups to (de)construct Turkish national identity are explored.

The objective of this study is to analyze the role of secularization within the Turkish nation-state building process between the late 19th and the early 20th century / hereby an emphasis will also be on the relations between the state and religion. This study will consider the Religious Affairs Directory as the key institutional actor in this process. This institutional reflection of secularization will be studied as an interesting case of state controlled social change on and over religion in society. The state reproduces its legitimization and discourse over the Religious Affairs Directory, therefore some publications and khutbas of that institution in 2003 and 2004 will be analyzed. On the other hand, secularization was defined on 5th February 1937 in the 1924 Constitution with the law numbered 3115, as the separation of the state and religious affairs and the equal distance of the state&rsquo / s position towards all beliefs and believers. The contradiction between the state&rsquo / s definition and institutional application of secularization will be criticized. The first contradiction is the integration of state and religious affairs. The statist discourse legitimizes the state through the religious affairs and as it will be seen in the analyzed publications and khutbas of the Religious Affairs Directory, the statist and religious discourses overlap each other. Since this overlapping enables the integration of state and religious affairs through the Religious Affairs Directory as a constitutional institution, the applications of this institution contradict with the constitutional definition of Turkish secularization. The second feature of the Turkish secularization is that the state applies this practice over only one sect (Sunni-Hannifin) which is an obstacle for the state&rsquo / s position against all the religious beliefs. The legitimization of the state is being done through the Sunni-Hannifin denomination and by this way the state takes a side among the various beliefs. Lastly, as the results of the historical analysis of this study reveal, it will be understood that the practice of manipulating the religion under the hegemonic state ideology is a tradition inherited from the late Ottoman period. The Republic of Turkey, which realized secularization within a constitutional definition and through institutional transformations, has continued to integrate the state with religion.

This thesis analyzes the role of Ukrainian mythological discourses in the formulation of Ukrainian national identity. The main purpose of the present thesis is to explore the interaction between mythological discourses, which are defined as sets of popular beliefs, presuppositions and the patterns of self-identification rooted in the consciousness of ethnic collectivities, and the process of national identity formation in post-Soviet Ukraine. The main focus of the thesis is on the ways of the use of Ukrainian mythological discourses by post-Soviet Ukraine&rsquo / s political and intellectual elite preoccupied with the task of implementing their nation-building project in Ukraine. This thesis consists of six chapters. Following the introductory first chapter, the second chapter explores the concept of &ldquo / myth&rdquo / in nationalism studies. The third, fourth and fifth chapters discuss the nation-building process of post-Soviet Ukraine by examining cultural, political and social aspects. The concluding chapter discusses the main findings of the thesis.

This thesis aims to describe and analyze the historical images of European identity and the contemporary initiatives of the European Union to promote it. By analyzing the common cultural elements that European identity consists of, namely Ancient Greece, Roman Empire, Christianity, Renaissance, Reformations, Enlightenment, French Revolution, and Modernity in terms of the images of European identity, the limits of these common cultural elements and how much they have contributed to the creation of a European identity will be presented. And by examining the contemporary initiatives of European Union to promote European Identity such as creating a European flag, anthem, passport, constitution, this thesis aims to explore and present the prospects for a common European Identity. In this regard, it is the main argument of the thesis that European identity is a limited form of a collective identity, among the multiple identities that a person has.

Chinese propaganda nowadays is focused on producing soft-sell messages international consumption instead of hard-core propaganda of agitation. emphasis on "image design" as Jiang Zemin coined it, rather than on propagation of Communist ideals. This shift from the past is brought government's new publicity strategy masterminded by Deng Xiaoping. strategy Chinese media have been enlisted in the ideological construction national images. Image construction for the nation-state has become the Chinese government and its news media in terms of international communication. This shift is symbolic of the rapid changes taking place in China. I draw Andrew Wernick's notion of "promotional culture" (1991) to describe changes, and in particular, their impact on government publicity, domestic reporting, and international journalism in China. I argue that a form of "promotional culture" has made a positive impact on government publicity as much on international journalism in China. The shift of focus in propaganda more of a government initiative than a spontaneous pursuit of international journalism in China. The latter still practices government scripts rather creative in form and diversified in content as is domestic reporting. This examines government publicity materials and news media reports concerning Beijing's Olympic campaign to reveal this extension of promotional government publicity and its implications for Chinese journalism.

Like many other cataclysmic events September 11, a day now popularly believed to have 'changed the world', has become a topic taken up by children's writers. This thesis, titled The Whole World Shook: Ethnic, National and Heroic Identities in Children's Fiction About 9/11, examines how cultural identities are constructed within fictional texts for young people written about the attacks on the Twin Towers. It identifies three significant identity categories encoded in 9/11 books for children: ethnic identities, national identities, and heroic identities. The thesis argues that the identities formed within the selected children's texts are in flux, privileging performances of identities that are contingent on post-9/11 politics. This study is located within the field of children's literature criticism, which supports the understanding that children's books, like all texts, play a role in the production of identities. Children's literature is highly significant both in its pedagogical intent (to instruct and induct children into cultural practices and beliefs) and in its obscurity (in making the complex simple enough for children, and from sometimes intentionally shying away from difficult things). This literary criticism informed the study that the texts, if they were to be written at all, would be complex, varied and most likely as ambiguous and contradictory as the responses to the attacks on New York themselves. The theoretical framework for this thesis draws on a range of critical theories including literary theory, cultural studies, studies of performativity and postmodernism. This critical framework informs the approach by providing ways for: (i) understanding how political and ideological work is performed in children's literature; (ii) interrogating the constructed nature of cultural identities; (iii) developing a nuanced methodology for carrying out a close textual analysis. The textual analysis examines a representative sample of children's texts about 9/11, including picture books, young adult fiction, and a selection of DC Comics. Each chapter focuses on a different though related identity category. Chapter Four examines the performance of ethnic identities and race politics within a sample of picture books and young adult fiction; Chapter Five analyses the construction of collective, national identities in another set of texts; and Chapter Six does analytic work on a third set of texts, demonstrating the strategic performance of particular kinds of heroic identities. I argue that performances of cultural identities constructed in these texts draw on familiar versions of identities as well as contribute to new ones. These textual constructions can be seen as offering some certainties in increasingly uncertain times. The study finds, in its sample of books a co-mingling of xenophobia and tolerance; a binaried competition between good and evil and global harmony and national insularity; and a lauding of both the commonplace hero and the super-human. Being a recent corpus of texts about 9/11, these texts provide information on the kinds of 'selves' that appear to be privileged in the West since 2001. The thesis concludes that the shifting identities evident in texts that are being produced for children about 9/11 offer implicit and explicit accounts of what constitute good citizenship, loyalty to nation and community, and desirable attributes in a Western post-9/11 context. This thesis makes an original contribution to the field of children's literature by providing a focussed and sustained analysis of how texts for children about 9/11 contribute to formations of identity in these complex times of cultural unease and global unrest.

Architecture and urban design are often powerful expressions of political desires to support and legitimise specific regimes. In many postcolonial cities, architecture and urban design are set out to construct national identity and affirm a political power that departs from the former colonial rule. Architecture and urban design may be used by successive postcolonial regimes to compete with each other to legitimise authority and symbolise power. While such concepts of national identity are established through a constellation of urban forms, national identity is always contested. Places may be used and interpreted in ways that differ from what is intended. Attempts to control the meaning of architecture and built form may conflict with the ways in which spatial practices undermine intended meanings.

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