京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(医学) / 甲第21678号 / 医博第4484号 / 新制||医||1036(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院医学研究科医学専攻 / (主査)教授 柳田 素子, 教授 福原 俊一, 教授 今中 雄一 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Medical Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

京都大学 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(医学) / 甲第24787号 / 医博第4979号 / 新制||医||1066(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院医学研究科医学専攻 / (主査)教授 松田 秀一, 教授 森本 尚樹, 教授 安達 泰治 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Medical Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

Atrial Naturietic Peptide (ANP) is a neuropeptide that regulates function of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, immune and neuroimmune system, and epigenetic factors. Research has indicated that ANP may mediate alcohol intake, withdrawal, and craving like behaviors. ANP receptors are present in the mesocorticolimbic (MCL) reward pathway of the brain, which includes the nucleus accumbens (Acb) and the ventral tegmental area (VTA). The objectives of the present study were to examine the effects of ANP microinjected into Acb subregions (Shell (Sh), Core (Co), ventral to AcbSh) on operant ethanol (EtOH) self-administration and into posterior VTA (pVTA) on EtOH-seeking behavior of female alcohol-preferring (P) rats. In the first experiment, ANP (0, 10 μg, or 100 μg) was microinjected into subregions of the Acb to determine its effects on EtOH self-administration. In the second experiment, ANP was microinjected into pVTA to determine its effects on Pavlovian Spontaneous Recovery (PSR) of responding, a measure of context-induced EtOH-seeking behavior. Administration of ANP directly into the AcbSh significantly reduced EtOH self-administration compared to vehicle, whereas ANP into the AcbCo or areas directly ventral to the AcbSh did not alter responding for EtOH. Microinjection of ANP into the pVTA significantly reduced responding on the EtOH-associated lever during the PSR test. The data indicate that activation of ANP systems in the (a) AcbSh can inhibit EtOH intake, and (b) in the pVTA can inhibit EtOH-seeking behavior. The results suggest that manipulations of the ANP system could be a potential target for pharmacotherapeutic intervention to treat alcohol use disorder. Supported in part by AA07462, AA07611, AA10717, AA10721, AA013522, AA019366, AA020908, AA022287, and AA024612.

No description available.

京都大学 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(医学) / 甲第23805号 / 医博第4851号 / 新制||医||1058(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院医学研究科医学専攻 / (主査)教授 長船 健二, 教授 寺田 智祐, 教授 稲垣 暢也 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Medical Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

京都大学 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(医学) / 甲第25000号 / 医博第5034号 / 新制||医||1070(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院医学研究科医学専攻 / (主査)教授 長船 健二, 教授 尾野 亘, 教授 江藤 浩之 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Medical Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

Dissertation (Ph.D.)--University of South Florida, 2008. / Includes vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 102-128).

Dissertation (Ph.D.)--University of South Florida, 2008. / Title from PDF of title page. Document formatted into pages; contains 132 pages. Includes vita. Includes bibliographical references.

Calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD) occurs through multiple mutually non-exclusive mechanisms that are mediated by valvular interstitial cells (VICs). VICs undergo pathological differentiation during the progression of valve calcification; however the factors that regulate cellular differentiation are not well defined. Most commonly recognized are biochemical factors that induce pathological differentiation, but little is known regarding the biochemical factors that may suppress this process. Further, the contribution of matrix mechanics in valve pathology has been overlooked, despite increasing evidence of close relationships between changes in tissue mechanics, disease progression and the regulation of cellular response. In this thesis, the effect of matrix stiffness on the differentiation of and calcification by VICs in response to pro-calcific and anti-calcific biochemical factors was investigated. Matrix stiffness modulated the response of VICs to pro-calcific factors, leading to two distinct calcification processes. VICs cultured on the more compliant matrices underwent calcification via osteoblast differentiation, whereas those cultured on the stiffer matrices were prone to myofibroblast differentiation. The transition of fibroblastic VICs to myofibroblasts increased cellular contractility, which led to contraction-mediated, apoptosis-dependent calcification. In addition, C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP), a putative protective molecule against CAVD, was identified. CNP supressed myofibroblast and osteoblast differentiation of VICs, and thereby inhibited calcification in vitro. Matrix stiffness modulated the expression of CNP-regulated transcripts, with only a small number of CNP-regulated transcripts not being sensitive to matrix mechanics. These data demonstrate the combined effects of mechanical and biochemical cues in defining VIC phenotype and responses, with implications for the interpretation of in vitro models of VIC calcification and possibly disease devleopment. The findings from this thesis emphasize the necessity to consider both biochemical and mechanical factors in order to improve fundamental understanding of VIC biology.

Les maladies cardiovasculaires apparaissent précocement au cours de l'insuffisance rénale chronique (IRC) et représentent la première cause de mortalité. La 1ère étape pour apprécier la relation entre risque cardiovasculaire et progression de l'IRC consiste à améliorer l'estimation du débit de filtration glomérulaire (DFG). Nous avons donc évalué l'impact des conditions analytiques de mesure de la créatininémie et de la cystatinémie sur l'estimation du DFG. Les créatinines IDMS traçables (enzymatique et Jaffe compensé) améliorent l'estimation du DFG. Cependant, les méthodes enzymatiques non sensibles aux pseudochromogènes doivent être préférées. Concernant la cystatine C, nos résultats soulignent l'absence de standardisation du dosage. Chez des patients IRC non dialysés (stade I à V), nous avons identifié l'ostéoprotégérine (OPG) comme marqueur biologique de la présence de calcifications vasculaires. In vitro, nous avons démontré que le stress oxydant, majoré en présence de sérum urémique, jouait un rôle clé dans la transdifférenciation des cellules musculaires lisses vasculaires en ost oblastes. La mortalité en dialyse reste élevée et est largement dépendante des maladies cardiovasculaires. Il nous a donc paru nécessaire de rechercher les marqueurs pronostics et/ou d'en suivre l'évolution en transplantation. En dialyse, malgré une épuration significative par hémodiafiltration, les peptides natriurétiques sont des marqueurs du remodelage ventriculaire. La combinaison "NT-proBNP-CRP" est un puissant facteur pronostic de mortalité cardiovasculaire en hémodialyse. Après transplantation rénale, les calcifications vasculaires se stabilisent chez la majorité des patients et les taux d'OPG diminuent précocement. Les taux d'OPG sont significativement plus élevés chez les patients dont les calcifications progressent. Toutefois, seule l'intensité des calcifications avant transplantation permet de prédire la progression / Cardiovascular disease occurs in the early stage of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and is the leading cause of death. The first step, to appreciate the link between cardiovascular risk and CKD progression, is to improve glomerular filtration rate (GFR) estimation. We have therefore evaluated the impact of analytical conditions for creatinine and cystatin C measurement on estimated GFR. New creatinine ID-MS traceable methods (enzymatic and compensated Jaffe) improved estimation of GFR by predictive equations. However, enzymatic methods that are much less susceptible to interfere with non-creatinine chromogens may provide more reliable estimations of GFR. Regarding cystatin C, our results highlighted the lack of standardization. In non dialyzed CKD patients (stage I to V), we identified osteoprotegerin (OPG) as a biomarker for the presence of vascular calcification. In vitro, we demonstrated that oxidative stress, increased in the presence of uremi c serum, played a key role in the transdifferentiation of vascular smooth muscle cells into osteoblast-like cells. In dialysis, mortality is high and largely dependant on cardiovascular disease. We have therefore investigated prognostic markers and/or followed their evolution after transplantation. In dialysis, despite their removal by hemodiafiltration, natriuretic peptides could be potential markers of left ventricular remodelling. In addition, the combination of high CRP and circulating NT-proBNP dramatically impaired the hemodialysis survival rate. After renal transplantation, stabilization of vascular calcification was observed in the majority of patients and OPG levels are dramatically reduced. Despite a higher baseline OPG level in progressors vs. non-progressors patients, post transplant vascular calcification progression was only predicted by baseline score.