Inledning: En stillasittande livsstil blir allt vanligare bland barn, och aktiva utelekar har fått konkurrens från TV- och dataspel. Många familjer bor i städer, med begränsad tillgång till naturkontakt. Naturen erbjuder spontan fysisk aktivitet, likaså ro och mental återhämtning. Barn som har en tidig relation med naturen blir ofta intresserade av naturen som vuxna. Denna studie undersöker möjligheten till naturkontakt för svenska barn i åldrarna 5-12 år.Metod: Tio mödrar intervjuades angående sina barns samspel med naturen. Grupp 1 bestod av fem mammor med barn som hade regelbunden naturkontakt, och grupp 2 bestod av fem mammor med barn som inte hade regelbunden naturkontakt.Resultat: Mödrar som bodde på landet och mödrar som var engagerade i en friluftsorganisation hade barn med regelbunden naturkontakt, medan mödrar som bodde i stadsmiljö gav färre möjligheter till naturkontakt till sina barn. Mödrar som hade regelbunden naturkontakt som barn var mer benägna att ha ett naturintresse som vuxna. Naturkontakt var mest vanlig under sommarhalvåret.Diskussion: Bostadssammanhang och föräldrarnas engagemang var viktiga när det kom till frågan om barnen hade regelbunden naturkontakt eller inte. / Introduction: A sedentary lifestyle is getting more common among children, and outdoor play today is challenged by television and computer games. Many families live in cities with limited access to nature. Nature provides spontaneous physical activities as well as it offers mental recovery. Children who experience early exposure to nature often demonstrate an interested in nature as adults. This study examines the possibilities of access to nature for Swedish children aged 5-12 years.Methods: Ten mothers were interviewed about their children’s interaction with nature. Group 1 included five mothers with children who had regular contact with nature, and group 2 included five mothers with children who didn’t have regular contact with nature.Results: The children of mothers who lived in the countryside and mothers who were involved with nature related associations had regular access to nature, while mothers who lived in urban areas ended up giving their children less opportunities to access to nature. Mothers who had regular access to nature as children were more likely to enjoy nature as adults. Contact with nature was more frequent during the summer months.Discussion: Residential context and parents commitment were important in relation to the aspect of whether children had regular nature contact or not.

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The purpose of the study was to perform a quantitative occupational stress risk assessment (OSRA) to evaluate the impact of health promotion (HP) lifestyle and perceived nature contact on the consequences of perceived stress from exposure to nursing stress risk factors. Perceived stress is defined as the employee’s personal interpretation of his or her work circumstance and any discrepancy between workplace demands (stressors) and individual capacities (resources). Registered nurses (RNs) in patient care settings are prone to high levels of perceived stress, which can cause errors in clinical care giving. High perceived stress is a consequence of risk factors from a nurse’s daily work routine including: workload, death and dying, inadequate preparation for role, staff support, uncertainty concerning treatment, communication with physicians, and communication with other nurses. Mitigating perceived stress improves nursing job performance, job satisfaction, and overall employee health, while reducing mental fatigue, absenteeism, and burnout. Methods performed included: Aim 1) a systematic literature and meta-analysis to establish benchmarks for perceived stress in nursing professionals for comparison of United States (US) and International healthcare settings; Aim 2) a cross-sectional study using a 125-item survey instrument administered online to an RN study population to evaluate relationships between perceived stress, HP lifestyle, and perceived nature contact; and Aim 3) a quantitative OSRA to rank nursing stress risk factors and examine differences by gender, ethnicity, and race. Results were: Aim 1) Perceived Stress Scale 14-item (PSS14) value for International nursing studies was 25.41 (95% CI 21.1 to 29.7), while US PSS14 nursing studies yielded a value of 23.8 (95% CI 19.8 to 27.7). Aim 2) the present study found Southern California RNs (n=161) had the same perceived stress (m = 22.8, 7.06 SD, p=0.082) as other US nursing professionals. RN perceived stress scores were negatively correlated (p<0.001) to HP lifestyle. HP lifestyle was positively correlated (p<0.001) to perceived nature contact. Aim 3) the OSRA model using HP lifestyle for coping exhibited the highest strength (92%) and reliability (90%); this model established RNs' risk factor rankings (RFRs) from high to low as: 1) communication with physicians, 2) workload, 3) uncertainty concerning treatment, 4) death and dying, 5) inadequate preparation for role, 6) communication with other nurses, and 7) staff support. High nursing RFRs were the same by gender. Differences were found with Hispanic RNs who ranked communication with other nurses as RFR 3 compared to non-Hispanic RNs at RFR 7. Also, non-white RNs ranked inadequate preparation for role as RFR 2 compared to white RNs at RFR 5. Although present study results focused on a single health provider RN population using self-reported survey instruments, the OSRA process can be applied to any occupational setting. This study supports introducing a quantitative OSRA process initiated in Europe to US worksites to identify and rank occupational stress risk factors for strategic prioritization and alignment with interventional resources. With continuous replication of OSRA within and between work-sectors, this process could elucidate US industry health and safety best practices. The present study focused on nurses as a first-test-case high-stress occupation. More OSRA nursing studies are recommended across a wider US geographic area to create normative values of comparison including stratum for gender, ethnicity, and race. Intervention, intervention effectiveness, and organizational change studies are needed to mitigate high nursing stress risk factors emanating from healthcare organizational challenges and to emphasize implications for improved patient care outcomes.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-10T10:55:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 SAVIA MARCELLA RIBEIRO ROCHA DE PAULA.pdf: 2926659 bytes, checksum: d6225c20de48a05c7310941923b3fc11 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-11-27 / As the fraction of the brazilian population that lives in the metropoles increases with every decade, the scientific evidence increasingly sustains that direct contact with nature is essential for well-being and for human development. The present study seeks an understanding of the role of parks in quality of life and health promotion in an expanding city in the Brazilian heartland. An enquiry is made into the subjective experience of the use of city parks in Anápolis, state of Goiás. Twenty four interviews were conducted with people living in the park neighborhoods. The procedure followed the methodological options of grounded theory in its constructivist adaptation proposed by Charmaz. Based on the citizen s experience, effects on health and wellbeing are discussed. Attractions of the parks, factors that inhibit or impede making full use of what they have to offer, as well as solutions for those problems are e identified. The results are presented in order to promote a better understanding of the citizen s perspective on parks and to underscore ideas for participative public policies. / Enquanto parte da população brasileira que vive nas metrópoles aumenta a cada década, acumula-se a evidência científica que o contato direto com a natureza é essencial para o bem-estar e o desenvolvimento humano. Este trabalho visa entender qual o papel do parque na promoção da qualidade de vida e da saúde em uma cidade em expansão, no centro-oeste brasileiro. É feito um estudo da vivência subjetiva do uso de parques municipais na cidade de Anápolis, Estado de Goiás. Foram realizadas vinte e quatro entrevistas com moradores de bairros próximos aos principais parques da cidade. O procedimento foi pautado nas opções da Grounded Theory, na modificação construtivista proposta por Charmaz. A partir da vivência dos participantes, efeitos sobre saúde e bem-estar foram identificados, como também as possibilidades oferecidas pelos parques. Além disso, foram identificados fatores desestimulantes, dificuldades e empecilhos em relação ao aproveito das potencialidades dos parques, como também possíveis soluções para os mesmos. Os resultados são discutidos com a intenção de entender melhor a perspectiva do morador sobre o parque e subsidiar idéias para políticas públicas, baseadas a partir da mesma.

Although being physically active while exposed to nature may have synergistic health benefits and help develop environmental values, many youth today are inactive and disengaged from the natural environment. The purpose of this study was to explore adolescents’ knowledge, attitudes, skills, behaviours, and general perspectives on engaging with the environment through physical activity using a social marketing lens. Social marketing is a behaviour change strategy that involves the ‘use of marketing principles and techniques to influence a target audience to voluntarily accept, reject, modify, or abandon a behaviour for the benefit of individuals, groups, or society as a whole’. To address this purpose, three research questions were answered: what are youths’ perspectives of and experiences with physical activity in the natural environment; what strategies do youth recommend for engaging with nature as a way to be active, and; how do participants’ Photovoice projects on health and nature, including subsequent discussion of these projects, influence their conscientization of health in relation to nature? A purposive sample of eight grade 12 students enrolled in an elective sustainability and eco-education course participated in this study. Participants were asked to express their perspectives on being physically active in nature by completing a Photovoice project (including photos and captions) and engaging in group discussion. The action component of Photovoice was fulfilled through a presentation to the local school board. Thematic analyses of discussion transcripts, Photovoice projects, and presentation notes were guided by a social marketing lens. Themes described these youth in terms of relevant product, purchaser, price, place, and promotion for the subject of physical activity in nature. The youth believed engaging in nature through physical activity provided them with freedom, excitement, creativity, and relaxation, along with health and educational benefits, and had few or no disadvantages. Suggested strategies for engagement were framed in the shape of a tree to describe their applicability to youth at different present levels of engagement, ranging from simply spending time in nature (the roots), to challenging oneself by interaction with nature, thus resulting in better health (the branches). The Photovoice projects led to increased awareness of human-nature relationships for participants. Themes may inform decision makers of youth perspectives and thus guide development of future programs and initiatives in this area.

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