Thesis (Ed.M.)--Boston University

Thesis (M.S.)--Boston University

This thesis explores the theoretical, psychological, and phenomenological notions of the singular personal memory and the collective memory through civic architecture. The main design guidelines are inspired by the ancient teachings on the mnemonics of rhetoric and the phenomenology of the imagination. This thesis uses architecture and space as a medium to be an interpretative tool of narrating the sequential event of the Halifax Explosion of 1917. Architecture as an art form can deliberately be created to mimic, represent, and express key moments of an event, which when experienced individually through the duality between body, memory, and light, the personal memory becomes the primary mode of story-telling. The civic collective memory is always changing dependent on time and intentional involvement. These processes are recorded through theoretical texts, drawings, and physical models that serve as interpretive tools for the haptic dialectics of memory, imagination, phenomenology, and the play on atmospheric emotions.

This diploma thesis is focused on the analysis of security tools, which are commonly used for automatic verification of security protocols mainly. These security protocols are used for creation of private communication channells in insecured networks. Security will never be perfect, so finding of weaknesses in security protocols is always necessary and we need to improve these protocols. In this diploma thesis I have focused on looking for various verification tools on Internet. Subsequently, I have described each tool in this thesis, in way that each reader can easily find out, which tool is for him useful and which is not. I have summarized main benefits and drawbacks of each tool at the end of his description.

Esta dissertação aborda a controvérsia entre o naturalista inglês John Turberville Needham (1713-1781) e o naturalista italiano Lazzaro Spallanzani (1729-1799) sobre o tema da \"geração\" dos seres vivos. Inscrita no âmbito da História da Ciência e inserida na linha de pesquisa História Filosofia e Cultura no Ensino de Ciências, tem os objetivos de contextualizar a controvérsia Needham-Spallanzani a partir de estudos realizados por contemporâneos que desenvolveram trabalhos temática e metodologicamente semelhantes e de apresentar uma discussão sobre a ciência e o papel das controvérsias no desenvolvimento do pensamento científico. Além disso, discute a sua aplicação no ensino de Biologia, com vistas a uma abordagem explícita de questões relacionadas à Natureza da Ciência (NdC). Os resultados experimentais apresentados por Needham à Royal Society em 1748 continham evidências favoráveis à geração espontânea e foram apoiados por Pierre-Louis Moreau de Maupertuis (1698-1759) e Georges-Louis Leclerc de Buffon (1707-1788). Incentivado por Charles Bonnet (1720-1793) e René Antoine Ferchault de Réaumur (1683-1754), Spallanzani repetiu os experimentos de Needham e publicou os resultados em sua obra mais conhecida, Saggio di osservazioni microscopiche concernenti il sistema della generazione de\' Signori di Needham e Buffon (Ensaio de observações microscópicas sobre o sistema da geração dos Senhores Needham e Buffon) de 1765, em que refutou os resultados do naturalista inglês. A esse livro se seguiram comentários e objeções feitos por Needham em obra publicada em 1769, e uma tréplica de Spallanzani publicada em uma coletânea de trabalhos, Opuscoli di fisica animale e vegetabile (Opúsculos de Física animal e vegetal) de 1776. A análise da controvérsia permitiu concluir que nenhum dos dois autores mudou de posição em função dos experimentos realizados por estarem baseados em pressupostos teóricos distintos. Discutido à luz do papel das controvérsias científicas na ciência, o episódio possibilitou delinear componentes epistêmicos e não-epistêmicos nas situações de conflito entre teorias científicas rivais, aspectos relevantes para a alfabetização científica almejada para o ensino de ciências. / This dissertation approaches the controversy between the english naturalist John Turberville Needham (1713-1781) and the Italian naturalist Lazzaro Spallanzani (1729-1799) on the theme of \"generation\" of living beings. As a work related to the History of Science and inserted in the search topic History, Philosophy and Culture in Science Teaching, it has the purposes to contextualize the Needham-Spallanzani controversy from studies carried out by contemporaries of these two naturalists who developed thematically and methodologically similar studies and topresent a discussion about science and the role of controversies in the development of scientific thought. Furthermore, it discusses its application in the teaching of Biology with a view to an explicit approach on the Nature of Science (NOS) issues The experimental results presented by Needham to the Royal Society in 1748 contained favorable evidences to spontaneous generation and were supported by Pierre-Louis Moreau de Maupertuis (1698-1759) and Georges-Louis Leclerc of Buffon (1707-1788). Encouraged by Charles Bonnet (1720-1793) and René Antoine Ferchault of Reaumur (1683-1754), Spallanzani repeated Needham\'s experiments and published the results in his most famous work, Saggio di osservazioni microscopiche concernenti il sistema della generazione dei\' Signori di Needham e Buffon (Essay of microscopic observations about the generation system of Mr. Needham and Mr. Buffon) of 1765, which refuted the results of the English naturalist. Following that book, comments and objections made by Needham were published in 1769, and a reply made by Spallanzani was published in the collection of works Opuscoli di fisica animale e vegetabile (Booklets of animal and plants Physics) of 1776. The analysis of this controversy led to the conclusion that none of the two authors changed position due to the experiments made since they were based on distinct theoretical assumptions. Discussed in light of the role of controversies in the development of scientific knowledge, this episode allow to outline epistemic and non-epistemic components in conflict situations between rival theories, relevant aspects to scientific literacy longed for science education.

Esta dissertação aborda a controvérsia entre o naturalista inglês John Turberville Needham (1713-1781) e o naturalista italiano Lazzaro Spallanzani (1729-1799) sobre o tema da \"geração\" dos seres vivos. Inscrita no âmbito da História da Ciência e inserida na linha de pesquisa História Filosofia e Cultura no Ensino de Ciências, tem os objetivos de contextualizar a controvérsia Needham-Spallanzani a partir de estudos realizados por contemporâneos que desenvolveram trabalhos temática e metodologicamente semelhantes e de apresentar uma discussão sobre a ciência e o papel das controvérsias no desenvolvimento do pensamento científico. Além disso, discute a sua aplicação no ensino de Biologia, com vistas a uma abordagem explícita de questões relacionadas à Natureza da Ciência (NdC). Os resultados experimentais apresentados por Needham à Royal Society em 1748 continham evidências favoráveis à geração espontânea e foram apoiados por Pierre-Louis Moreau de Maupertuis (1698-1759) e Georges-Louis Leclerc de Buffon (1707-1788). Incentivado por Charles Bonnet (1720-1793) e René Antoine Ferchault de Réaumur (1683-1754), Spallanzani repetiu os experimentos de Needham e publicou os resultados em sua obra mais conhecida, Saggio di osservazioni microscopiche concernenti il sistema della generazione de\' Signori di Needham e Buffon (Ensaio de observações microscópicas sobre o sistema da geração dos Senhores Needham e Buffon) de 1765, em que refutou os resultados do naturalista inglês. A esse livro se seguiram comentários e objeções feitos por Needham em obra publicada em 1769, e uma tréplica de Spallanzani publicada em uma coletânea de trabalhos, Opuscoli di fisica animale e vegetabile (Opúsculos de Física animal e vegetal) de 1776. A análise da controvérsia permitiu concluir que nenhum dos dois autores mudou de posição em função dos experimentos realizados por estarem baseados em pressupostos teóricos distintos. Discutido à luz do papel das controvérsias científicas na ciência, o episódio possibilitou delinear componentes epistêmicos e não-epistêmicos nas situações de conflito entre teorias científicas rivais, aspectos relevantes para a alfabetização científica almejada para o ensino de ciências. / This dissertation approaches the controversy between the english naturalist John Turberville Needham (1713-1781) and the Italian naturalist Lazzaro Spallanzani (1729-1799) on the theme of \"generation\" of living beings. As a work related to the History of Science and inserted in the search topic History, Philosophy and Culture in Science Teaching, it has the purposes to contextualize the Needham-Spallanzani controversy from studies carried out by contemporaries of these two naturalists who developed thematically and methodologically similar studies and topresent a discussion about science and the role of controversies in the development of scientific thought. Furthermore, it discusses its application in the teaching of Biology with a view to an explicit approach on the Nature of Science (NOS) issues The experimental results presented by Needham to the Royal Society in 1748 contained favorable evidences to spontaneous generation and were supported by Pierre-Louis Moreau de Maupertuis (1698-1759) and Georges-Louis Leclerc of Buffon (1707-1788). Encouraged by Charles Bonnet (1720-1793) and René Antoine Ferchault of Reaumur (1683-1754), Spallanzani repeated Needham\'s experiments and published the results in his most famous work, Saggio di osservazioni microscopiche concernenti il sistema della generazione dei\' Signori di Needham e Buffon (Essay of microscopic observations about the generation system of Mr. Needham and Mr. Buffon) of 1765, which refuted the results of the English naturalist. Following that book, comments and objections made by Needham were published in 1769, and a reply made by Spallanzani was published in the collection of works Opuscoli di fisica animale e vegetabile (Booklets of animal and plants Physics) of 1776. The analysis of this controversy led to the conclusion that none of the two authors changed position due to the experiments made since they were based on distinct theoretical assumptions. Discussed in light of the role of controversies in the development of scientific knowledge, this episode allow to outline epistemic and non-epistemic components in conflict situations between rival theories, relevant aspects to scientific literacy longed for science education.

Mémoire numérisé par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

This paper describes four tools for verification security protocols Athena, Casper, Isabelle and Murphi. Each tool is briefly characterized and implementation of protocol Needham Schroeder. One part of this paper is comparing of selected tools. The second part of this paper describes in detail a tool Athena and mentions examples of verified protocols. By each protocol is stated a specifications of communication, a detected attack and results of own verification. At the end compares this paper verification results with already publicated attacks.

Yes / Automatic facial age progression (AFAP) has been an active area of research in recent years. This is due to its numerous applications which include searching for missing. This study presents a new method of AFAP. Here, we use an Active Appearance Model (AAM) to extract facial features from available images. An ageing function is then modelled using Sparse Partial Least Squares Regression (sPLS). Thereafter, the ageing function is used to render new faces at different ages. To test the accuracy of our algorithm, extensive evaluation is conducted using a database of 500 face images with known ages. Furthermore, the algorithm is used to progress Ben Needham’s facial image that was taken when he was 21 months old to the ages of 6, 14 and 22 years. The algorithm presented in this paper could potentially be used to enhance the search for missing people worldwide.