Lors du vieillissement, les capacités sensorielles et l’efficacité masticatoire diminuent, affectant négativement l'alimentation des séniors. Ainsi, la formulation d’aliments adaptés aux besoins nutritionnels et sensoriels des seniors est un enjeu pour les années à venir. L'objectif principal de cette thèse, intégrée au projet AlimaSSenS, est d’étudier l’impact de la texture de produits fromagers sur le confort en bouche et la biodisponibilité des acides aminés et du calcium. Les fromages modèles développés ont la même composition mais des textures variables. Des analyses sensorielles réalisées sur un panel de séniors, ainsi que des études de digestion in vitro et in vivo (sur modèle porcin) ont été réalisées. Les résultats des digestions soulignent la pertinence d’intégrer les protéines sériques en tant que source protéique majeure dans les produits fromagers, afin de maximiser l’apport plasmatique en acides aminés essentiels. Cependant, la texture des fromages modèles n’a pas influencé la bioaccessibilité des acides aminés et du calcium. De plus, la bioaccessibilité du calcium est majoritairement liée aux pH intra-gastrique et -intestinal, plutôt qu’à sa forme chimique initiale. Enfin, l’étude sensorielle a mis en évidence que seules les textures perçues comme « sèches » étaient liées à une baisse importante du confort en bouche des séniors. Ce travail souligne l'opportunité de développer des produits fromagers destinés aux séniors. Il serait intéressant de poursuivre ces travaux avec des études cliniques pour connaître l'impact physiologique de ces produits / During aging, the sensory capacities and the mastication efficacy decrease negatively affecting the diet of the elderly. Yet, protein and calcium requirements increase with age. In this context, the formulation of foods adapted to the nutritional and sensory needs of the elderly is a challenge for the next years. The main objective of this thesis, integrated into the project AlimaSSenS, is to study the impact of the texture of model cheeses, based on whey proteins and calcium fortified, on the oral comfort and on the bioavailability of amino acids and calcium.The model cheeses developed have the same composition and variable textures. Sensory analysis were performed on a panel of people over 65, and in vitro and in vivo digestion studies (on porcine model) were conducted.The results of the digestion studies highlighted the relevance of integrating whey proteins as a major protein source in dairy products, in order to maximize the bioavailability of essential amino acids. However, the texture of model cheeses did not significantly influence the bioaccessibility of amino acids and calcium. In addition, the bioaccessibility of calcium was mainly related to intra-gastric and intra-intestinal pH, rather than to the initial chemical form of its source of enrichment. Finally, the sensory study has shown that only the textures perceived as “dry” was linked to a significant decrease in the oral comfort.This work highlights the opportunity to develop dairy products adapted for the elderly. Based on this work, it would be interesting to carry out clinical studies to know t

Diploma thesis on the topic of New concepts and models of care for seniors in social service residential facilities is divided into theoretical and practical part. The initial three chapters are focused on problems of old age and ageing, needs of retired clients of social service residential facilities and concepts of long-term care for the elderly people in the Czech Republic. The fourth chapter forms a basic for this work. It describes selected approaches and models of the care that were applied mainly in western European countries and are being adopted by some of residential facilities in our country. The practical part of the thesis consists in quantitative research among social workers and staff of registered residential facilities. The aim of the questionnaire survey was to determine knowledge level of the individual concepts and models of care among employees and to find out to which extent the selected facilities apply new concepts and models in their everyday life. Because these new concepts and models emphasize an individual approach and constant improvement their application is considered a viral part of care for clients of old age. The conclusion of the research confirms that application of newly introduced concepts and models increased quality of provided services in 95,3 % of...

Att det i lagstiftningen inte finns en tydlig definition av vad skälig levnadsnivå är, medför bland annat en risk att behov av stöd för äldre bedöms på olika grunder. Syftet med studien är att undersöka biståndsbedömningar kring äldre i olika kommuner i Mellansverige för att se om det finns likheter och skillnader. Studien synliggör vilka bedömningsgrunder biståndshandläggare har samt fångar eventuella samband mellan biståndsbedömning och olika faktorer, till exempel arbetslivserfarenhet och kommun. Detta undersöktes genom en enkätstudie och analyser gjordes sedan i dataprogrammet IBM SPSS Statistics. De teoretiska utgångspunkterna för studien var handlingsutrymme, organisatorisk struktur, behovstolkning och åldrande. En av studiens slutsatser är att arbetslivserfarenheten är en individuell faktor som kan tänkas påverka tolkningen av vad skälig levnadsnivå faktiskt innebär, och att handlingsutrymmet hos dem med längre arbetslivserfarenhet och mer professionell kompetens upplevs begränsat då de upplever sig styrda av kommunala riktlinjer. Vidare är en slutsats att det finns skillnader i hur ofta biståndshandläggare beviljade insatsen städ och att detta grundar sig i den rådande politiska diskursen inom kommunen kring äldres behov samt vilket arbetssätt som råder. Studien kan bidra med att utveckla det sociala arbetets praktik till en mer likvärdig biståndsbedömning för de äldre / The fact that there is no clear definition of what a reasonable standard of living is in the legislation entails, among other things, implicates a risk that the need for support for the elderly is assessed on different grounds. The purpose of the study is to examine aid assessments for the elderly in different municipalities in the middle part of Sweden to see if there are similarities and differences. The study presents the basis for assessment aid administrators have and captures possible connections between aid assessment and various factors, for example work experience and municipality. This was investigated by a survey study and analyzes were then made in the computer program IBM SPSS Statistics. The theoretical starting points for the study were room for action, organizational structure, interpretation of needs and aging. One of the study's conclusions is that work experience is an individual factor that can conceivably influence the interpretation of what a reasonable standard of living actually means, and that the room for action of those with longer work experience and more professional competence is felt to be limited when they feel governed by municipal guidelines. Furthermore, a conclusion is that there are differences in how often aid administrators grant the cleaning contribution and that this is based on the prevailing political discourse around the needs of the elderly within the municipality and the working method that prevails. The study can contribute to developing the practice of social work towards a more equal assistance assessment for the elderly