The purpose of this report is to measure the effect of isolation on neighbourliness in fringe communities. Isolation is defined as a result of location and inadequate transportation. It is suggested that the location of a community can influence social behavior among residents in three ways: (1) By influencing the physical community characteristics which could influence social behavior. (2) By selecting a residential population with a particular pattern of behavior. (3) By influencing the spatial and temporal patterns of behavior among fringe residents. A measurement of this last factor will be the topic of the report. Time, distance and transportation limit the fringe resident in the selection of his social relationships. The commuter appears to participate more in the activities of the central city or its satellites than in the activities of the dormitory community. The non-commuter, on the other hand, is more likely to take part in the activities in the residential environment. The thesis to be tested in this study is; that neighbourliness among non-commuting housewives will increase with the isolation of the residential community. This thesis is based on the following assumptions: (1) That, the isolation of a fringe community increases the probability of social contact among non-commuting residents by reducing the opportunity for selecting relationships on the basis of personal predispositions and increasing the opportunity for relationships based on convenience. (2) That, the degree of neighbourliness will increase with the probability of social contact among fringe residents. In order to test these propositions, neighbourliness is studied among the residents of 11 fringe communities and 3 urban control communities in the Greater Vancouver Area. Neighbourliness among residents is measured in terms of the percentage of informants visiting their neighbours often. The degree of isolation of a community has been measured in terms of the distances toward selected destinations which are assumed to be of daily importance to the fringe housewife and in terms of the distance to the nearest bus stop and the frequency of bus services. These measures of location are combined in a ranking scale, obtained by attaching a numerical value to the evaluations Good (0), Fair (6 1/4) and Poor (12 1/2). The highest possible isolation score would be 100, representing a 'poor' evaluation for each of the 8 measures used. The actual test consists of comparing the percentage of people that visit their neighbours often with the isolation score of their community, obtained as described above. In addition to this measure of locational factors, a measure of non-locational determinants of neighbourliness was made. The possible influence of physical community characteristics, differences in services and facilities, size and age of communities and length of stay were evaluated. The characteristics of all informants that visit their neighbours often is compared with the characteristics of those that do not, in order to establish the influence of household characteristics such as household composition and children's age groups, and social and economic characteristics such as differences in occupational and income classes. The result of the test comparison shows a rough correlation between the isolation scores and the neighbourliness scores, in the sense that communities with a low isolation score tend to have low neighbourliness percentages and those with a high degree of isolation tend to have higher neighbourliness scores. Yet, there are significant anomalies which preclude a clear conclusion whether location does or does not influence neighbourliness among fringe residents. On the other hand, some of the control tests on non-locational influences reveal some interesting information which seems to validate the propositions made in this study. It appears that housewives without private means of transportation during the day-time and housewives who have the care of young children under 5 years of age are more neighbourly than those who have the use of a car and have older children. In addition it was found that housewives who are occupied at home are more neighbourly than those working away from home. These factors seem to indicate that there are non-locational factors that seem to 'isolate' the housewife from regular contacts with the outside world. In addition to these household characteristics, the length of stay and occupational class were found to be related to neighbourliness. These findings would suggest that the most obvious explanation of a high incidence of neighbourliness in the fringe has to be sought in the selection of a particular fringe population with characteristics conducive to neighbourliness. However, this does not preclude the possibility of locational influences on neighbourliness. It is suggested that the influence of location is of a rather subtle and complex nature, so that substantially more information has to be obtained on the demand for movement among various categories of people before meaningful measurements can be made on the extent to which ecological position influences the movement of people. / Applied Science, Faculty of / Community and Regional Planning (SCARP), School of / Graduate

In practice, the neighborhood unit concept has fallen short of its theoretical promise. However, one of its major goals -- attempting to produce a more satisfying social life for the inhabitants of a residential area -- is still valid. To attain such a goal, it now appears to be more valid to attempt to assess the attitudes of people towards each other rather than to attempt to manipulate locations of facilities in order to attempt to develop more satisfying residential environments. One relationship that appears to have relevance for attaining such a goal is that of the neighbor. If it were possible to assess an individual's attitudes towards his neighbors, it would be possible to use such information as one input in the design of future residential developments. By attempting to assess an individual's concept of the ideal role of neighbor, planning would be taken one step away from corrective action based upon behavior observable in an existing environment, towards assessment of attitudes towards residential environments that may provide a more sound basis upon which to predicate changes to produce more satisfying residential environments. T his thesis attempts only to develop a tool by which it may be possible to elicit an individual's concept of the ideal role of neighbor. The construction of the tool follows directly from the theory of what a neighbor is and how a neighbor acts. Testing of the tool is limited to attempting to discover problems of administration . / Applied Science, Faculty of / Community and Regional Planning (SCARP), School of / Graduate

published_or_final_version / Urban Planning and Design / Master / Master of Science in Urban Planning

Abstract The present measures and methods of beneficiary payments carried out by ABC Refinery is an incomplete good-neighborliness project. Although large amounts of funds were accumulated over a period of several years, due to the lack of long-term, complete and concrete planning, no beneficial effects could be achieved. The study aims to profoundly understand the needs and thoughts of residents from six villages in Hsiaokang District, Kaohsiung, by using questionnaires and conducting interviews in order to analyze their feedback and determine their actual needs in relation to the beneficiary payments made by the ABC Refinery. It also aims to analyze whether the measures carried out by ABC Refinery can meet the residents¡¦ demands as well as their acceptance and implementation effects. According to the results of a systematic investigation, related projects were proposed. The result was that different resident types require various strategies and programs for good- neighborliness. It is hoped that the local residents¡¦ appreciation of ABC Refinery can be raised and more support and understanding received from them. The results of a science laboratory showed that the risk recognition and trust were weak in A village; it means that since the residents of A village did not trust ABC Refinery, their support was therefore at a low level. Consequently, the risk recognition and trust in regard to ABC Refinery needs to be strengthened. The project for increasing the risk recognition includes announcing environmental inspection data on a regular basis or inviting residents to visit the facilities and equipment of ABC Refinery on an irregular basis. This would help the residents of A village to obtain a clearer idea of what ABC Refinery is doing, so that the risk recognition could be elevated. Furthermore, the degree of feedback satisfaction and the environmental attitude towards living quality for residents were quite low, particularly for those whose incomes are below the NTD 70,000-100,000 monthly level. It presents that the lower the income, the higher the demand. ABC Refinery should take more actions in relation to beneficiary payments in order to improve the local living quality.

The master's thesis, framed as a sociological case study, aims it's interest at the theme of neighborhood evolution at a pre-fabricated panel building area. The subject of interest is the reflection of neighborhood evolution given by the original residents of the research locality. The research locality is represented by the most populated street in Hradec Králové, Edvarda Beneše boulevard, which drew considerable attention both of lay and academic public at the time of it's emergence due to unique architectonic and urbanistic design. The defined research problem is the question asking about current state and underwent changes of a neighborhood situated at specific environment of a block-of- flats area located in a contemporary city, specifically in the most populated area of Hradec Králové statutory city. Also three separate research questions were formulated. They ask specifically about the current state of the neighborhood, it's underwent changes during time and the role of it's physical a geographical situatedness. The aim of the thesis was to perform complex exploration of current state and evolution of the studied phenomenon, both in social and physical dimension. The thesis doesn't provide description of the current state and evolution only, but it also identifies local relevant factors...

Contemporary urban development seems to, globally and simultaneously, aim for the same results; densification, connections and an active urban life. In Stockholm this is emphasized through the comprehensive plan, The Walkable City. This thesis aims to research the com- plexities of open space, in-between areas and cultural practices on borders of territories. I have visited two neighborhoods, one in Stureby, Stockholm and one in Madison, Wisconsin as part of an art-based research where places for cultural practices have been observed and performed by me as a way to investigate in-between areas and what role they take in everyday lives. I have met with inhabitants for observations and interviews as well as performing an everyday life of my own when staying in Madison for two weeks. I have used a few different pictures of neighborliness to see what exists between the frame of the pictures and the situation, and related this to Miwon Kwon’s notion about places situated next to each other. I have also looked into the concept of territory, the ambiguous space between them and the communication that occurs on interfaces. In Stockholm's comprehensive plan and the research of Alexander Ståhle, I see an aiming for densification through connections, e.g. in walkability. I emphasize on a difference between connections and communication. With this thesis I suggest to change the topic of a planning discussion going on in Stockholm as well as globally, from how to create walkability to how to make use of interfaces of ambiguous open space when densifying cities.

中共自文革後鄧小平掌權起，開始調整國內外作為與態度，不再盲從於意識形態爭鬥，漸納入國際體系規範中，注重國家實質利益追求。在銳意於自身改革同時，如何塑造一個安全環境，凝聚一個俾利於經濟與國家建設發展氛圍，即賴於制定一套符合前述對外關係政策，此一為中共近年來積極推動「睦鄰外交」濫觴。而一個國家外交政策與涉外制度往往受該國傳統政治思想觀念影響，中國是具有數千年傳承古國，曾長期在歷史上有輝煌、重要地位，如何在過去經驗中尋找未來出路，似成為可能選項。 中國過去2000多年所成就在東亞區域之長期優勢與霸權維繫，多賴於儒術「仁道」、「尊王」思維衍生之「朝貢體系」外交政策，藉由國際義務承擔、經濟利益供給、文明教化傳輸與自我實力信任、展現等措施所構建成熟；對應現今中共睦鄰外交中所強調「與鄰為善、與鄰為伴」、「做負責任大國」、落實「睦鄰、安鄰、富鄰」等政策作為，在精神與策略上似與過去推動「朝貢體系」相關聯，本文即從朝貢的體系架構與理論，就中國歷代施行「朝貢外交」在政治、經濟上的發展與難處，對應中共「睦鄰外交」之意涵與實踐過程，試圖觀察、探究這項涉外關係轉變對中共國家利益影響之可能性，並期預想睦鄰政策實踐中將面臨何種問題與困境。 / Chinese Communist Party after the Great Cultural Revolution Deng Xiaoping is in power,starts to adjust the domestic and foreign, achievement and the manner.The Chinese Communist Party which does not follow blindly in the ideology battle,gradually integrates in the international system standard, and pays great attention to the nationally essence benefit pursuit.While having firm will in their own reform, how to mold a security environment, and how to condense one to enable the economical and the national construction development atmosphere to be favorable, namely, in formulating a complete set for conforming to the fore-mentioned foreign relation policy. This is the positive impetus for the Chinese Communist Party in recent years to push “good-neighborly diplomacy” source.But a national foreign policy and the foreign system will often be influenced by this national traditionally political thinking. China is a country which has quite an inheritance of long history for several thousand years, and owns for a long time magnificent as well as the important position in the history. Then, how to seek an outlet in the future from the past experience seems to become the possible option. For more than past 2000 years, China has maintained quite an achievement in the East Asian region of long-term superiority and hegemony; which depends in the Confucianist method “ humanity” and “the kernel said that”, “reveres the king”, the thoughts which give rise to the system of paying tribute for the foreign policy. China constructs its maturity in diplomacy by means of undertaking international obligations,supplying the economic interests, transiting the civilized enlightenment and confidence in its own potentiality as well as development and so forth.The correspondence nowadays in the Chinese Communist Party good-neighborliness diplomacy stresses “friendly toward the neighbour countries”, “the partners to the neighbour countries”, and “being the responsible great nation”, to carry out “good-neighborliness, stabilized neighbour, and the rich neighbour” and so on. Such policy achievements resemble in the spirit and the strategy the past impels which are connected with their “tributary system”.In this article, we are attempting to observe and inquire into how the China’s foreign relation transform will probably influence its national interest in view of the construction of its tributary system and theory in previous dynasties and its economical development and difficulty in execution as well as the meaning and practice process in present Communist China’s good neighbourly diplomacy. Also,we are expecting to predict what kind of questions and difficult position which their policy execution of good-neighbourly diplomacy will face.