Chow Yuet-ming. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2000. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 254-262). / Abstracts in English and Chinese, appendix in Chinese. / Abstract --- p.i / Acknowledgement --- p.iv / Chapter Chapter 1: --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- Rationale for Selecting this Research Topic --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2 --- Research Objectives --- p.4 / Chapter 1.3 --- Research Questions --- p.5 / Chapter 1.4 --- Overview of the Present Thesis --- p.5 / Chapter Chapter 2: --- Literature review --- p.7 / Chapter 2.1 --- Anorexia Nervosa in Western Countries --- p.7 / Chapter 2.1.1 --- Historical Perspective --- p.8 / Chapter 2.1.2 --- Biomedical Perspective --- p.10 / Chapter 2.1.2.1 --- Physiological manifestation of anorexia nervosa patients --- p.10 / Chapter 2.1.2.2 --- Behavioral manifestation of anorexia nervosa patients --- p.12 / Chapter 2.1.3 --- Psychological Models --- p.14 / Chapter 2.1.3.1 --- Bruch ´ةs view --- p.14 / Chapter 2.1.3.2 --- Minuchin´ةs view --- p.16 / Chapter 2.1.3.3 --- Palazzoli 's view --- p.17 / Chapter 2.1.4 --- Sociological Perspective --- p.24 / Chapter 2.1.5 --- Summary of Part I (2.1) --- p.30 / Chapter 2.2 --- Psychology of Self-development --- p.33 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- "Erikson ,s identity formation" --- p.33 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- Women self-development --- p.38 / Chapter 2.2.3 --- Bowen's differentiation of self --- p.42 / Chapter 2.2.4 --- Summary of Part II (2.2) --- p.46 / Chapter 2.3 --- Anorexia Nervosa in Hong Kong Context --- p.48 / Chapter 2.3.1 --- The notion of self in traditional Chinese family --- p.49 / Chapter 2.3.2 --- Women position in Hong Kong --- p.55 / Chapter 2.3.3 --- Related research in Hong Kong --- p.62 / Chapter 2.3.4 --- Summary of Part III (2.3) --- p.69 / Chapter Chapter 3: --- Theoretical framework --- p.71 / Chapter 3.1 --- Theoretical Framework as Summarized from the Literature Review --- p.71 / Chapter 3.2 --- Definition of Terms --- p.77 / Chapter 3.2.1 --- Anorexia nervosa --- p.77 / Chapter 3.2.2 --- Family --- p.78 / Chapter 3.2.3 --- Family interaction --- p.79 / Chapter 3.2.4 --- Family rule --- p.79 / Chapter 3.2.5 --- Family myths --- p.80 / Chapter 3.2.6 --- Family myths as quest for meaning --- p.80 / Chapter 3.2.7 --- Meaning --- p.80 / Chapter 3.2.8 --- Power --- p.81 / Chapter 3.2.9 --- Power struggle --- p.81 / Chapter 3.2.10 --- Differentiation of self --- p.81 / Chapter Chapter 4: --- Research Methodology --- p.83 / Chapter 4.1 --- General Overview --- p.83 / Chapter 4.2 --- Research Methodology of this Study --- p.88 / Chapter 4.2.1 --- Rationale in Selecting Qualitative Method --- p.88 / Chapter 4.2.2 --- Research Design --- p.89 / Chapter 4.2.3 --- Unit of Analysis --- p.90 / Chapter 4.2.4 --- Sampling --- p.90 / Chapter 4.2.5 --- Methods of Data Collection --- p.92 / Chapter 4.2.5.1 --- Direct Observation of the Family Interviews of AN families --- p.92 / Chapter 4.2.5.2 --- Participant Observation in an AN Mutual Support Group --- p.94 / Chapter 4.2.5.3 --- Summary of the Case Study Protocol of this Study --- p.96 / Chapter 4.2.6 --- Time Frame for Data Collection --- p.96 / Chapter 4.2.7 --- Method of Analysis --- p.97 / Chapter 4.2.8 --- Validity and Reliability of this Study --- p.97 / Chapter 4.2.9 --- Summary of Chapter --- p.98 / Chapter Chapter 5: --- Results of the Study :Data Gathered from Family Interview Sessions --- p.100 / Chapter 5.1 --- Case History --- p.100 / Chapter 5.2 --- Results Gathered from Family Interview Sessions --- p.104 / Chapter 5.2.1 --- Having difficulties in differentiating from the family and self- starvation as a means of asserting the personal boundariesin the families --- p.104 / Chapter 5.2.2 --- Being triangulated in the parents' marital discords and self- starvation as a means of diluting their conflicts --- p.122 / Chapter 5.2.3 --- Self-sacrificing for the family interest --- p.131 / Chapter 5.2.4 --- "Being helpless and powerless in the families, self-starvation as a means of empowering the mothers in the families " --- p.134 / Chapter Chapter 6: --- Results of the Study:Data Gathered from Mutual Support Group Sessions --- p.138 / Chapter 6.1 --- Case History --- p.138 / Chapter 6.2 --- Results Gathered from Mutual Support Group sessions --- p.140 / Chapter 6.2.1 --- Having difficulties in handling peer relationship --- p.140 / Chapter 6.2.2 --- Having difficulties in resisting their mothers intrusiveness to their personal boundaries and self-starvation as a means of exerting their personal boundaries --- p.143 / Chapter 6.2.3 --- Being triangulated in their parents marital discords and self- starvation as a means of diluting the marital conflicts --- p.149 / Chapter 6.2.4 --- Acting for their mothers in the families --- p.149 / Chapter 6.3 --- Cross-checking of findings with group members and worker --- p.161 / Chapter Chapter 7: --- Discussions and Conclusion --- p.163 / Chapter 7.1 --- Research Findings of this Study --- p.163 / Chapter 7.2 --- Contributions of this Study --- p.173 / Chapter 7.3 --- Limitations of this Study --- p.174 / Chapter 7.4 --- Recommendation --- p.175 / Chapter 7.4.1 --- Future Research --- p.175 / Chapter 7.4.1.1 --- Proposed Theoretical Framework for Future Study --- p.175 / Chapter 7.4.1.2 --- Proposed Methodology --- p.179 / Chapter 7.4.2 --- Management of AN patients --- p.179 / Chapter 7.4.3 --- Prevention of AN --- p.181 / Appendix I: The Chinese verbatim of family interview sessions --- p.183 / Appendix II: The Chinese verbatim of mutual support group sessions --- p.234 / List of Figures: / Figure 1: Summary of the framework from western literature --- p.75 / "Figure 2: Interplay among individual, family and society " --- p.76 / Figure 3: Socio-demographic characteristics of the AN patients and their families of the family interview sessions --- p.91 / Figure 4: Socio-demographic characteristics of the AN patients and their families of the mutual support group --- p.92 / Figure 5: Summary of the proposed theoretical framework of Understanding self-starvation in Hong Kong --- p.178 / Bibliography --- p.254

徐文艷. / Thesis (doctoral)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2007. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 259-278). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstracts in Chinese and English. / Xu Wenyan.

The diploma thesis is focusing on the topic of eating disorders in young men. The literature review summarizes the current information concerning eating disorders in this population. Eating and feeding disorders included in DSM - 5 are described. The thesis also focuses on orthorexia nervosa and muscle dysmorphia. A separate chapter deals with body image in men and its connection to eating disorders. The final chapter of the literary review section is focused on the possibilities of diagnostics and therapy. The empirical part of the work consists of a quantitative research conducted on a sample of 164 men aged 18-30 years. A questionnaire survey was carried out. Using Spearman's correlation coefficient, a significant correlation was found between the symptomatology of eating disorders and muscle dysmorphia. There was also a significant correlation between Body Mass Index and the symptoms of eating disorders and also between BMI and muscular dysmorphia. Data analysis revealed a positive correlation between the higher symptomatology of eating disorders and dissatisfaction with the amout of body fat. No significant relationship was found between the symptomatology of eating disorders and dissatisfaction with muscle mass. There was a significant correlation between Body Mass Index and dissatisfaction...

Bakgrund: Anorexia nervosa är en allvarlig psykisk störning. Sjukdomen förekommer främst bland flickor och kvinnor. God kunskap och terapeutisk kompetens hos vårdpersonal krävs för att kunna bemöta en patient med diagnosen anorexia nervosa som en enskild individ med unika behov. Syfte: Syftet med denna litteraturstudie var att belysa anorexiadrabbade flickors och kvinnors upplevelser i samband med vård. Metod: Åtta kvalitativa studier har granskats och analyserats. Resultat: Genom analys av studierna framkom att anorexiadrabbade patienters upplevelser i samband med vård har betydelse för deras återhämtning. Utifrån analysen framkom två teman och fem subteman. Det första temat belyser positiva upplevelser i samband med vård understött av två subteman: att bli bemött som en individ och vårdpersonalens engagemang. Det andra temat belyser negativa upplevelser i samband med vård understött av tre subteman: att bli bemött som en anorektiker, behandling fokuserar på viktuppgång i stället för psykiska problem och känslor av skam och osäkerhet. Slutsats: För patienternas återhämtning är det viktigt att vårdpersonal bemöter patienterna som unika individer och ser till deras olika behov. Vårdpersonalens engagemang samt god terapeutisk kompetens är en förutsättning för att patienten ska uppleva behandlingen som givande och som stöd för tillfrisknandet.

Background: Anorexia nervosa is a common and very serious mental illness that most people know about. The fear of losing control and the low motivation for change makes it difficult for the patient to realize how serious the condition is. It is important that health professionals pay attention to these patients to reduce pain and to shorten the period of illness. Objective: The aim of this descriptive literature review was to describe how patients with anorexia nervosa experience being treated by nurses and how nurses experience treating and caring for patients with anorexia nervosa. Method: A systematic literature review was completed and 14 studies were used in the result. Results: Analyzed data shows that there are many different thoughts and experiences about the care of anorexia nervosa. An important part of the care and also important for the patients recovery, was that the patient and the nurse were communicating with each other and that they developed a relationship. Anorexia nervosa is characterized by a large need for the patient to take control that could lead to a struggle between the patient and the nurse. A lack of knowledge among the nurses in care of these patients was also noted. Conclusion: Through good communication and by building up a relationship, the understanding of the disease is increased. This has shown to be an important part of the patients’ recovery and therefore it is important that the nurses consider the needs of each patient and threat them with respect and empathy. / Bakgrund: Anorexia nervosa är idag ett vanligt och mycket allvarligt psykosocialt tillstånd som de flesta känner till. Rädslan för att tappa kontrollen och den låga motivationen till förändring gör det dock svårt för den sjuka att inse sitt eget bästa. Det är viktigt att sjukvårdspersonal uppmärksammar dessa patienter för att kunna minska lidande och förkorta sjukdomstiden. Syfte: Syftet var att utifrån relevanta vetenskapliga studier beskriva hur patienter med anorexia nervosa upplever att de blir bemötta av sjuksköterskor, samt hur sjuksköterskor upplever att vårda patienter med anorexia nervosa. Metod: En systematisk litteraturstudie genomfördes och 14 studier användes i resultatet. Resultat: Analyserad data visar att det föreligger olika tankar och upplevelser kring omvårdnaden av anorexia nervosa. Kommunikation var en central del i omvårdnaden och blev en viktig del i patientens återhämtning. Att en relation mellan patient och sjuksköterska byggdes upp visade sig vara betydelsefullt. Sjukdomen anorexia nervosa karaktäriseras av ett stort kontrollbehov vilket kunde leda till en kamp om kontroll mellan patient och sjuksköterska. Utifrån resultatet märktes även en bristande kunskap hos sjuksköterskor i vårdandet av patienter med anorexia nervosa. Slutsats: God kommunikation förbättrar chanserna att utveckla en relation och det har visat sig ge ökad förståelse för sjukdomen hos båda parterna. Ökad förståelse för sjukdomen har visat sig underlätta då patienter upplever en trygghet och tillit till sjuksköterskan. En förståelse för sjukdomen har också stor betydelse för patienters tillfrisknande och det är därmed viktigt att sjuksköterskan ser till varje enskild individs behov och bemöter dem med respekt och empati.

<p><strong>Bakgrund: </strong>Anorexia nervosa karaktäriseras av en beslutsam strävan efter viktnedgång. Fler kvinnor än män drabbas och sjukdomen debuterar oftast i samband med puberteten.</p><p><strong>Syfte: </strong>Syftet var att belysa anorektikers upplevelser av att leva med anorexia nervosa. <strong></strong></p><p><strong>Metod: </strong>En kvalitativ ansats som baserades på fyra självbiografier. För att få fram biografiernas essens genomfördes en analys som baserades på Graneheim och Lundmans (2004) innehållsanalys. <strong>Resultat: </strong>Kvinnorna i biografierna uttryckte olika former av lidande. Sjukdomen är ett sätt att uttrycka sin olycka och sitt inre kaos. Den dagliga kampen mellan den friska och den sjuka sidan leder till att kvinnorna känner maktlöshet inför det inre kaos de drabbats av. Den drabbades vardag präglas av tvång, av en inre röst som bestämmer hur personen ska agera samtidigt som självförtroendet sakta men säkert bryts ner. Sjukdomen får dem att tvivla på sig själva och den bidrar till den skeva kroppsbild som är central för sjukdomen. <strong>Slutsats:</strong> Studien visar att sjukdomen anorexia nervosa är psykisk, fysisk och socialt påfrestande, vilket kräver att vi som vårdpersonal bör ha en bra förståelse och tillräckligt med kunskap som kan underlätta att hjälpa patienterna i deras lidande.</p>

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Eating Disorder research has highlighted the role of neuropsychological functioning, informing the treatment of Anorexia Nervosa. There is ambiguity in the data relating to cognitive impairment in Bulimia Nervosa, with the latest review providing inconclusive results. Executive function impairments in the area of set shifting and inhibition reported in BN are proposed to relate to traits of compulsivity and impulsivity. Other psychological disorders have also demonstrated executive function impairments. Among anxiety disorders, only PTSD and OCD have strong evidence of executive function deficits while a number of studies point towards executive function deficits in depression. This thesis aims to investigate the specificity of cognitive impairments seen in a group of female outpatients with bulimia nervosa, using a clinical comparison group of anxious and/or depressed female outpatients. Methods A systematic review was conducted to address a gap in the anxiety disorder literature and assess the neuropsychological profile of panic disorder. In order to address the main study aims, a comparison between a group of patients with BN and an anxious depressed group was conducted on neuropsychological measures of the Trail Making Test, Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, Hayling and Brixton tasks, Stroop and Verbal Fluency. In addition, psychological symptoms were assessed using SCL-90-R, Yale- Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale and the Self-liking Self Competence scale. Social problems solving skills were assessed as a potential real world effect of executive function difficulties associated with eating disorders. The relationships between psychological and neuropsychological variables were investigated. Results The systematic review concluded that there was limited evidence of specific impairment in short term memory in panic disorder. The empirical study indicated no group differences on the above neuropsychological measures. Groups also did not differ on NART estimated IQ or self reported psychological symptoms. No relationships were found between psychological symptoms and neuropsychological measures. Few individual participants were found to be impaired on neuropsychological measures in either group. However, those impaired in the BN group were exclusively impaired on the non-perseverative errors and categories completed variables of the WCST, which is thought to be related to impulsivity. Conclusion These findings suggest that the neuropsychological profile of bulimia is broadly similar to that of an anxious and/or depressed clinical group on measures of set shifting and inhibition. Although there was evidence of a deficit in inhibition among patients with bulimia further investigation is required.