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Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder affecting over 35 million people. Early diagnosis and intervention are crucial for improving outcomes. Digital Cognitive Biomarkers (DCBs) offer a promising approach for early detection and disease management, quantifying cognitive processes of encoding and retrieval through a hierarchical Bayesian cognitive processing model using wordlist memory tests. We hypothesize that DCBs will correlate with classic AD cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers (Aβ42, T-tau, p-tau) in patients with varying cognitive decline levels compared to healthy elderly controls. Using Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) data and paired Pearson correlation coefficient analysis, our results support the hypothesis, indicating that DCBs correlate with CSF biomarkers and demonstrating their potential as a noninvasive diagnostic tool for AD. Furthermore, DCBs exhibited improved diagnostic accuracy compared to classic AD CSF biomarkers, as indicated by the area under the Receiver Operating Characteristic curve analysis. DCBs hold promise for monitoring disease progression, response to therapeutics, and identifying patients at earlier disease stages. Future research should validate these findings in diverse populations and conduct longitudinal studies to assess DCBs' potential in tracking disease progression and treatment response. Integrating DCBs with other diagnostic approaches, such as neuroimaging, could enhance overall AD diagnosis accuracy and provide a comprehensive understanding of an individual's cognitive health. In conclusion, DCBs may offer a valuable, noninvasive tool for early diagnosis and management of Alzheimer's Disease, supporting the initial hypothesis.

The pathomechanism of migraine attacks is not understood well, however, is currently believed to be a brain disorder. Migraine is a multifactorial disorder that needs to be investigated in multiple research areas to shed light into its mechanism and find ways to treat it effectively. Migraine episodes come from one or many things at the same time, and such vary from person to person. However, sufficient evidence in recent studies show there is a strong relationship between genetics with patients having specific genes that may be responsible for the disease or a genetic sequence passed down through generations in families, especially in the case of migraine with aura. Several genes including P/Q type calcium channel gene mutations, Na+ /K+ pump ATP1A2 malfunctions and Na+ gated voltage channel Nav 1.1 have been implicated with familial hemiplegic migraines with aura (Samsam 2012). Additionally, insulin resistance has been shown to be a very prevalent factor in migraine patients, but more research has yet to be done to support such claim. Also, many studies suggest the possibility of migraine attacks occurring due to a lack of energy in the patient´s brain. Meaning that exhaustion of the brain can also lead to a migraine episode. In this thesis, we investigated the genetic causes of migraine and reviewed the recent genes implicated in the pathomechanism of migraines. Further, we explored several articles that investigated the metabolic changes that occur in the brain during a migraine attack and looked for reasons behind such changes.

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El ingenioso hidalgo Don Quixote de la Mancha sits at the crossroads of two defined Spanish early modern contexts, combining Renaissance ideals with Baroque elements into one Golden Age masterpiece. The theme of duality present throughout the work finds true expression in Cervantes’ well-educated protagonist, Alonso Quijano. In him, the reader glimpses the struggle between antiquity versus early modernity, ideality versus reality, instability versus sanity, and unhealthiness versus healthiness. These medical themes and the underlying sociocultural facets will be investigated by thoroughly evaluating Cervantes’ treatment of human consciousness. In doing so, this study aims to explore the following questions: to what extent does Cervantes present relevant medical knowledge applicable to the Renaissance and Baroque periods of Spanish history? How do these medical allusions and references influence the reader’s perception of Don Quixote as insane? Could/Would a medical diagnosis of some neurologically or psychologically based disorder be applied? Finally, to what extent of the protagonist’s behavior may be medically attributed and to what extent may be the result of sociocultural disconnection? Following an in-depth review of Spanish literature and medical knowledge, it will be necessary to examine the work for episodes in which Don Quixote experiences pronounced fatigue, forgetting spells, head trauma, sleep disturbances, and headaches. This psychoanalytical process of interpreting Spanish medicine through the lens of literature illuminates the scientific background inherent in the novel and establishes a foundation for uncovering the connections between medicine, culture, and literature in Golden Age Spain.