Thesis (M.A. in Security Studies (Europe and Eurasia))--Naval Postgraduate School, March 2010. / Thesis Advisor(s): Yost, David S. ; Abenheim, Donald. "March 2010." Author(s) subject terms: Switzerland, neutrality, collective security, League of Nations, United Nations. Includes bibliographical references (p. 111-118). Also available in print.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of New Mexico, 1979. / Includes bibliographical references (p. [288]-303).

Thesis--Johns Hopkins, 1912. / Vita. Published also without thesis note. Includes bibliographical references (p. [v]-vi).

The liberal and republican traditions of political thought are commonly treated as divergent political-philosophical doctrines which existed in a state irreconcilable opposition in late eighteenth-century France and America. The present study challenges this notion through examining the concept of political neutrality as discussed and expounded in the political and constitutional writings of James Madison and Benjamin Constant. In seeking to account for not only why, but also how, both thinkers endeavoured to construct political systems geared toward securing the production of neutral laws, this thesis explores and highlights the complex interdependent relationship between the liberal and republican philosophical traditions in late eighteenth- and early nineteenth-century political theory. It is argued that in their desire to construct political-constitutional systems tailored toward guaranteeing the materialisation of neutral laws, Madison and Constant incorporated republican, or ‘Real Whig’, concepts into their respective constitutional strategies. Their shared objective, it is shown, was to form limited and neutral states through exploiting the diversity of public opinion in such a way that would render popular sovereignty self-neutralising. More specifically, this thesis suggests that both Madison and Constant placed considerable emphasis on de-legitimising particular justifications for legislative action, and that their respective efforts in this area were motivated by a desire to restrict the legislature to the promotion of objective, and impartially-conceived, accounts of the public good. Thus through examining Madison’s and Constant’s attempts to form neutral states, this thesis challenges the traditional account of the development of modern liberalism through pointing to the existence of an autonomous liberal-republican philosophy in post-revolutionary French and American political thought. It is argued that this hybrid political philosophy – which underpinned the constitutionalisms advanced by both Madison and Constant – had as its principal objective the reconciliation of the practice of popular governance with the restoration and maintenance negative individual liberty. Both thinkers, in other words, exploited republican concepts and institutions in order to realise the distinctly liberal end of forming limited and neutral states.

Dans les situations présentant un élément d’extranéité, le droit international privé a vocation à intervenir afin de découvrir quelle loi sera applicable. En effet, il s’agit d’une discipline spéciale en ce sens que sa fonction consiste, par le biais de règles indirectes, à déterminer le champ d’application dans l’espace des lois en conflit par le biais d’une méthode scientifique consistant à localiser la loi la plus proche de la situation internationale en cause. C’est pourquoi le droit international privé répond, en principe, d’une justice conflictuelle c’est-à-dire qu’il doit garantir aux sujets de droit un traitement de leur situation internationale neutre et objectif. En d’autres termes, la recherche de la loi applicable procède d’une analyse exempte de considérations substantielles dont le résultat conduit indifféremment à la compétence de la lex fori ou de la loi étrangère. Toutefois si, en droit positif, le droit international privé, assure toujours cette fonction, il répond également d’une justice matérielle, et se décline au travers de nombreuses règles lesquelles se fractionnent sous différentes formes, en fonction des catégories de rattachement auxquelles elles se lient, mais également au regard des sources dont elles découlent. Ainsi, la discipline a fait, et fait encore l’objet d’une grande variété au sein de la société internationale depuis sa première systématisation au XVIème siècle sous la plume de d’Argentré. La présente thèse vise alors à démontrer que, malgré l’objectif inhérent auquel répond le droit international privé, à savoir la justice conflictuelle, cette matière ne conduit pas dans sa forme actuelle, à assurer aux sujets de droit privé une justice égalitaire. Cette recherche consiste donc à mettre en évidence les points défectueux de la discipline au travers d’une étude minutieuse tant de sa structure que de son régime dans le but d’évincer les obstacles qui se dressent face à l’égalité de traitement des sujets de droit. Ainsi, cette démonstration permettra de considérer, par le biais d’une approche systémique, quelle règle de droit et quel régime protègent a maxima le principe d’égalité en droit international privé. / Le résumé en anglais n'a pas été communiqué par l'auteur.

No description available.

Since World War Two, there has been a consistent effort on the part of Western Europe to move towards Integration. The idea, although not new, has for the first time found a widespread enthusiasm among the nations within this sector of Europe. These nations, prodded by the two catastrophic experiences of World War One and Two^ have sought ways of overcoming the intense nationalism of the European States. Their aim Is to emphasize the commonality of these states which enables them to take advantage of supra-national institutions and policies.

Abstract: The purpose of this study is to examine how the Swedish policy of neutrality has changed between the years 1990-2008. The research method used for this essay has been comparative case study, which strives to answer four research questions. Two of these questions are: Which specific occurrences have been fundamental in changing the Swedish policy of neutrality? How have the Swedish policy of neutrality and the policy of non-alignment changed between the years 1990-2008? The theoretical frame work of this study consists of Europeanization as a comprehensive theoretical perspective. In order to explain the Swedish act regarding the policy of neutrality, Logic of Consequences and Logic of appropriateness are used. The conclusion of the study points out that Sweden has become much more flexible in terms of policy of neutrality and policy of security. The years between 1990-2008 are distinguished due to the fact that the international cooperation has become much more important in the Swedish act of security. Sweden still has the policy of non-alignment, but cooperation between the states is more and more prioritized to secure peace around the world.

<p>Abstract: The purpose of this study is to examine how the Swedish policy of neutrality has changed between the years 1990-2008. The research method used for this essay has been comparative case study, which strives to answer four research questions. Two of these questions are: Which specific occurrences have been fundamental in changing the Swedish policy of neutrality? How have the Swedish policy of neutrality and the policy of non-alignment changed between the years 1990-2008? The theoretical frame work of this study consists of Europeanization as a comprehensive theoretical perspective. In order to explain the Swedish act regarding the policy of neutrality, Logic of Consequences and Logic of appropriateness are used. The conclusion of the study points out that Sweden has become much more flexible in terms of policy of neutrality and policy of security. The years between 1990-2008 are distinguished due to the fact that the international cooperation has become much more important in the Swedish act of security. Sweden still has the policy of non-alignment, but cooperation between the states is more and more prioritized to secure peace around the world.</p>

Tez (Yüksek Lisans) - Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Uluslararası İlişkiler Anabilim Dalı, 2007. / Bibliyografya var.