Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2015. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Newspapers across the world, and more particularly here in South Africa, are in trouble due to dropping circulation figures and reduced income from advertisements. Technology, although impacting on the printed product, should not be seen as a threat, but rather as an opportunity. New and novel ways need to be explored to generate revenue from newspaper websites, by increased subscription figures, as well as other ways of monetizing content. Revenue from advertisements is still important in the online environment, but online news services can generate money in other ways by monetizing online news content through different payment models, advertorial content and e-commerce. In this study, the needs of users of an Afrikaans regional newspaper’s website will be explored and cues taken from the results of an online survey in order to better understand what it is that online news users want and what they are willing to pay for it, which is, by all accounts, not a lot.

Den här studiens syfte är att undersöka hur Ryssland framställs diskursivt i Aftonbladet i samband med den svenska återmilitariseringen av Gotland och om en orientalistisk diskurs kan skönjas i Aftonbladets nyhetsförmedling. Detta i sin tur bidrar till teoretisering kring rådande världshegemoni och om den kan påverka hur journalister genomför sitt arbete. För att kunna utläsa Aftonbladets konstruktioner används kritisk diskursanalys (CDA) som teori och metod. Det teoretiska ramverket utgår ifrån kritisk diskursanalys som teori och Edward Saids postkoloniala teori orientalism. Studiens frågeställningar är ställda för att ta reda på hur Ryssland konstrueras diskursivt i Aftonbladet, hur olika språkliga resurser används i konstrueringen av Ryssland och inom vilka diskursiva teman Ryssland framställs ur ett orientalistiskt perspektiv. Studiens metod grundar sig i analysbegrepp hämtade från CDA som gör det möjligt att analysera det empiriska materialet utifrån Aftonbladets språkanvändning. De analyserade språkliga resurserna i materialet delas in i fyra olika diskursiva teman. Det första temat är Ryssland som militärt överlägsna, det andra temat är Ryssland som provokativa, det tredje temat är Ryssland som oberäkneliga och det fjärde och mest prominenta temat är Ryssland som motpol till Väst. Studiens resultat antyder att en orientalistisk diskurs kan skönjas genom dessa fyra teman. / This study aims to examine how Russia is constructed discursively in the Swedish newspaper Aftonbladet in connection to the re-militarization of the Swedish island Gotland, and if an Orientalistic discourse can be discerned in the coverage. This in turn contributes to theorizing about how the current global hegemony may affect the journalistic profession. To find semiotic patterns in Aftonbladet we used critical discourse analysis (CDA) as the theory and method. The theoretical framework is based on critical discourse analysis theory and Edward Said's postcolonial theory of Orientalism. The questions in this study are asked to find out how Russia is constructed discursively in the Swedish newspaper Aftonbladet, how different linguistic resources are used in constructing Russia and in what discursive themes Russia is fabricated from an oriental perspective. The study's methodology is based on analysis concepts drawn from CDA that makes it possible to analyze the empirical material based upon Aftonbladet’s use of language. The analysed linguistic resources in the material fall into four different discursive themes. The first theme is Russia as militarily superior, the second theme is Russia as provocative, the third theme is Russia as erratic and the fourth and most prominent theme is Russia as the antithesis of the West. The study's results suggest that an oriental discourse may be discerned through these four themes.

Diploma thesis "A Comparative Analysis of Foreign News in the Main News Sessions of TV Stations ČT1, TV Nova and Prima TV in 2010" studies the way of producing foreign news by Czech TV stations in the year 2010. Also, it focuses on the question which countries were mentioned. The introductory part discusses the Czech and foreign literature and offers the overview of TV news production, international flow of communication and factors which influences the production of foreign news. It also introduces the main news sessions Události, Televizní noviny and Zprávy TV Prima. The analysis of foreign news service is divided into two parts, first inquires into differences in used types of reports, their representation in the main news sessions, the topical structure and other characteristics connected with the production of news. Then, the second part concentrates on the states which were mentioned in the foreign news and focuses on the impacts influencing the production of foreign news by the Czech TV stations. For both parts of the analysis methods of quantitative research were used. The thesis also studies the differences between the main news sessions of private TV channels TV Nova and Prima TV and ČT1 which offer public service broadcasting. The final part summarizes the results of the quantitative...

This graduation thesis ,,Tendencies of development in regional news service of ČTK" deals with regional news service of ČTK during 2005 - 2009 period and tries to describe its form and latest trends of development. It also features a field trip to one of regional redaction in Plzeň. The results of research quantify data picked from infobank of ČTK, they are compared with findings from field, with theoretical knowledges and also with statements of ČTK in its annual reports. Trends of ČTK general and business regional news service are compared with trends of ČTK domestic and business news service. This thesis is theoretically based on routines of journalist organization, role of regional journalist and standing of press agency in medial system.

This diploma thesis (Journalism of Social Democratic Exile after February 1948 /1948- 1953/) studies the history of social democratic party in exile between the years 1948 and 1953 with special focus on journalism, news service and propaganda. The thesis describes formation of party fractions and deals with how they defined themselves, communicated and presented themselves in the media. The thesis then goes on to analyse the newspaper format, production and financing thereof as well as the number of copies. It looks into broadcasting activities of social democrats and their plans related to the setup of illegal radio. Based on the cases of party secretary Vilím Blažej and Bohumil Laušman, the last party chairman prior to February 1948, the thesis analyses the question whether single groups within the party in the given time period tried by its journalistic activities to primarily influence events in Czechoslovakia or whether these efforts slowly faded due to rivalry between fractions and frustration over hopeless political situation and lack of audience in such an extent that media outputs were later on confined only to discussions within the party and to barely expressing political views.

The diploma thesis A Media Picture of USA by ČTK and its Comparison with ČRo Reporter's News in the First Half of the Year 2013 focuses on the comparison of the news and materials released by Czech Press Agency, Czech Radio and its foreign correspondent, about United States. Using qualitative and quantitative methods the paper examines the extent of the space donated to the topics related to USA, which themes were followed and how every of the subjects were informing on them. The quantitative methods are used when analyzing the news releases by Czech Press Agency and coverage of Czech Radio including contributions of foreign correspondent, during the period of the first six months of 2013. The qualitative part analyzes the way in which subjects reported on two selected events in the United States - attacks on the Marathon in Boston and West Fertilizer Company explosion. Other parts of this work are chapters focusing on the theory of foreign news and the position of USA.

The diploma thesis "Celebritization of news service and journalism on Czech commercial TV channels" focuses on the growing trend of appointing celebrities as anchormen on news broadcasts. Entertainization and celebritization of news services raises the question of whether these patterns contribute to the professionalization or deprofessionalization of journalism. This work aims to examine the consequences of celebrity presence in newscasting because of the obvious changes in broadcaster representatives. Primarily, this analysis focuses on private channels (Prima, Nova, Barrandov) employing Czech celebrity as anchormen despite their lack of previous media experience or education in the field. The theoretical part introduces the requirements for TV presenters and elaborates on the terms "professionalization" and "celebritization". The methodological part clarifies the selection of presenters researched, as well as the chosen methods of analysis. The qualitative method is utilized to analyze the research portion of this thesis, which mainly addresses the linguistic aspect of the speakers' speech and their non-verbal communication.

This diploma thesis, February 1948 in printed non-communist media, analyses newscast and journalism of the four prominent journals since the 1st February till 14th March 1948. It has been Svobodné slovo, Právo lidu and Lidová demokracie which were the fundamental journals of the three governing parties, and Svobodné noviny which followed the tradition of Lidové noviny. Method of qualitative historical comparative analysis was used for the data processing. In the diploma thesis, the changes in information giving during the changing political situation and succession of communism are evaluated. The outcome of this thesis is the finding that Svobodné slovo, Právo lidu a Lidová demokracie often break the principles of objectivity. On the contrary, Svobodné noviny maintains the highest standard of journalism. All four daily newspapers initially inform negativelly on political actions of KSČ. However, the content of the newspapers changes fundamentally within several days. Since 26th of February onwards, all of them represent KSČ as a political party that lead the state out of crisis. In all the newspapers that have been under observation of this thesis the opinion turnover took place during just a few days. The legitimization of the new regime became a topic of great importance.

Studien har för avsikt att undersöka äldres känslor inför användning av digitala nyhetsmedier samt hur en interaktionsdesigner kan arbeta proaktivt för delaktighet i samhällsdebatten, när fysisk nyhetsdistribution fasas ut och digital distribution är det som kvarstår. En utgångspunkt i studien är att äldre individer ofta besitter förmågan att använda digitala medier, men har låg motivation. För att utforska mer kring detta används Foggs beteendemodell (2009) och dess tre beståndsdelar för förändring av ett beteende - förmåga, motivation och triggers. Modellen är utformad för att ringa in mönster, attityder och beteenden i digitala miljöer. Datainsamling i studien sker genom strukturerade dagböcker, vilka genomförs som en kvalitativ metod under en längre tidsperiod. Dagböckerna bygger på uppgifter som ska genomföras i den digitala nyhetsaggregatorn Omni (2022). Respondenterna för dagböckerna är sex till antalet och är individer i 60-årsåldern som har en smartphone och tar del av nyheter regelbundet. Resultat från dagböckerna visar att alla tre beståndsdelar i Foggs beteendemodell (2009) är betydande, men att det främst är triggers som är avgörande för en beteendeförändring. Det framkommer även att tidigare erfarenheter, förväntningar samt pragmatiska och hedoniska aspekter har betydelse. Avslutningsvis presenterar studien förslag på hur en interaktionsdesigner kan arbeta för att involvera äldre individer i en digital nyhetsdistribution, för att i en förlängning minska klyftor mellan generationer samt bevara medborgarnas rättigheter att ta del av samhällsinformation. / This study aims to examine older people's feelings about using digital news media and how an interaction designer can work proactively for older people’s participation in the public debate, when physical news distribution is phased out and digital distribution is what remains. A starting point of the study is that older individuals often possess the ability to use digital media, but have low motivation. To explore more about this, the study uses Fogg's behavior model (2009), which contains three components of changing a behavior - ability, motivation and triggers. The model is designed to capture patterns, attitudes and behaviors in digital environments. Data collection in the study takes place through structured user diaries, which are implemented as a qualitative method through a longer period of time. The user diaries are based on tasks to be performed in the digital news aggregator Omni (2022). The number of respondents for the diary is six and they are individuals in their 60s who have a smartphone and receive news regularly. Results from the diaries show that all three components of Fogg's behavior model (2009) are significant, but it is primarily triggers that are crucial for a behavioral change. It also appears that previous experiences, expectations and pragmatic and hedonic aspects are of importance. Finally, the study presents suggestions on how an interaction designer can work to involve older individuals in digital news distribution, in order to reduce gaps between generations and protect citizens' rights to access civic information.

The diploma thesis analyses news coverage of some of the most important reforms conducted by the Polish conservative government. It focuses on public media services: Czech News Agency and the main news, Události, of the Czech Television, and the time period of years 2015 - 2018. The work consists of two parts. Theoretical part zeroes in on the description of theoretical concepts, general description of mentioned public media services and their foreign news coverage, particular types of agency and TV news. Separate chapter summarizes the differences between the Czech News Agency and the Czech Television, their purpose and news production itself. Another chapter concentrates on Poland - its political system and historical background of the last decades. The current situation in the country since 2015 is also outlined - the results of the last elections, current government and its reforms and intended changes. The reform of justice, reform of media and a plan to almost ban the abortions are described in details. These three reforms are the bases of Author's analysis. The practical part describes in detail results of both quantitative and qualitative methods chosen for this work. It is researched how often the chosen newsrooms were informing about the above mentioned reforms, what priority did they give them,...