The goal of this thesis was to develop a framework for modeling relevant environmental performance metrics and objectively simulating the future environmental impacts of aviation given the evolution of the fleet, the development of new technologies, and the expansion of airports. By exchanging fidelity for computational speed, a screening-level framework for assessing aviation's environmental impacts can be developed to observe new insights on fleet-level trends and inform environmental mitigation strategies. This was accomplished by developing per class average ``generic-vehicle" models that can reduce the fleet to a few representative aircraft models for predicting fleet results with reasonable accuracy. The method for Generating Emissions and Noise, Evaluating Residuals and using Inverse method for Choosing the best Alternatives (GENERICA) expands a previous generic vehicle formulation to additionally match DNL contours across a subset of airports. Designs of experiments, surrogate models, Monte Carlo simulations, and ``desirability" scores were combined to set the vehicle design parameters and reduce the mean relative error across the subset of airports. Results show these vehicle models more accurately represented contours at busy airports operating a wide variety of aircraft as compared to a traditional representative-in-class approach. Additionally, a rapid method for assessing population exposure counts was developed and incorporated into the noise tool, and the generic vehicles demonstrated accuracy with respect to population exposure counts for the actual fleet in the baseline year. The capabilities of the enabled framework were demonstrated to show fleet-level trends and explore placement of new runways at capacity constrained airports.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-14T12:47:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 2059659 bytes, checksum: f3d773c696e3797e353a21eae5946320 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-03-22 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / INTRODUCTION: NIHL (Noise Induced Hearing Loss) is a condition that results from the accumulation of prolonged exposure to noise, causing a slow and progressive hearing impairment, sensorneural, not very deep, but irreversible. The dentist, individuals exposed to noise in their workplace, is susceptible to NIHL. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the auditory and possible risk factors that interfere with the hearing of the dentists from USFs (Unidades de Saúde da Família / Familiar Health Unities) in Joao Pessoa / PB. METHODOLOGY: There were interviews, audiological evaluations, instrumental and environmental noises within 65 dentists from Family Health Units in Joao Pessoa / PB to identify auditory characteristics and risk factors for hearing-surgeons dentists by using proportion measures calculation for categorical variables, and having the Statistical Logistic Regression Method. RESULTS: It was observed that 43.07% of the dentists who were evaluated had lower hearing in, at least, some of the characteristic frequencies of NIHL. It was found that the main ear symptoms cited by these professionals were to have the sensation of hearing loss (55%), and buzzer (50%), and also that the instruments which showed values above the allowed limits were turbine high rotation (61%) and the compressor (55%). The variables considered as risk factors for hearing loss based on logistic regression were: age over 45 years old, working time more than 10 years, a feeling of hearing loss, tinnitus and noise level of the compressor greater than 85 dB. CONCLUSION: The ear symptoms (tinnitus and hearing loss) are presented in a large number of dentists, and the noise emitted by the instruments used by these professionals is often high, presenting some risk factors for Noise Induced Hearing Loss and some of them may be prevented or controlled through specific strategies. / INTRODUÇÃO: A Perda Auditiva Induzida por Ruído (PAIR) é uma patologia decorrente do acúmulo de exposições a ruído prolongadas, gerando uma deterioração auditiva progressiva e lenta, sensorioneural, geralmente não muito profunda mas irreversível. Sabe-se que o cirurgião-dentista, indivíduo exposto ao ruído no ambiente de trabalho, é susceptível à PAIR. OBJETIVO: Analisar o perfil auditivo e possíveis fatores de risco que interferem na audição dos cirurgiões-dentistas das USFs (Unidades de Saúde da Família) de João Pessoa/PB. METODOLOGIA: Realizaram-se entrevistas, avaliações audiológicas e dos ruídos instrumental e ambiental com 65 cirurgiões-dentistas das Unidades de Saúde da Família de João Pessoa /PB, a fim de identificar características do perfil auditivo e de fatores de risco para a audição dos cirurgiões-dentistas, utilizando o cálculo de medidas de proporção para as variáveis categóricas, e tendo como método estatístico a Regressão Logística. RESULTADOS: Observou-se que 43,07% dos cirurgiões-dentistas avaliados apresentaram rebaixamento auditivo em pelo menos alguma das frequências características da PAIR. Verificou-se ainda que os principais sintomas otológicos citados por estes profissionais foram a sensação de déficit auditivo (55%), e o zumbido (50%). Os instrumentos que mais se apresentaram com valores de intensidade acima dos limites permitidos foram a turbina de alta rotação (61%) e o compressor (55%). As variáveis consideradas como fatores de risco para a perda auditiva com base na Regressão Logística foram: idade acima de 45 anos, tempo de trabalho maior que 10 anos e nível de ruído do compressor maior que 85 dB, além da presença dos sintomas de sensação de déficit auditivo e zumbido. CONCLUSÃO: A sintomatologia otológica (zumbido e diminuição auditiva) está presente em grande número dos cirurgiões-dentistas e o ruído emitido pelos instrumentos utilizados por estes profissionais é muitas vezes elevado. Constataram-se alguns fatores de risco para a Perda Auditiva Induzida por Ruído, podendo alguns destes ser prevenidos ou controlados por meio de estratégias específicas.

The causes and characteristics of structurally induced interior noise in cars in relation to the boom problem is discussed and the relevant theory developed. The work is concerned with structural excitation of the air within the passenger compartment associated with the second order component of the engine crankshaft out of balance forces. This limits the frequency range of interest to below 200 Hz. Firstly, the acoustic modes of a Rover Metro passenger compartment are predicted using the finite element method. A new method for the experimental acoustic modal analysis of cavities is introduced and verified for a rectangular rigid walled room. The method is then applied to the untrimmed passenger compartment of a Rover Metro to determine its acoustic modes and to study the interaction of the structural modes of the vehicle body and acoustic response of the cavity. The acoustics of a Rover Metro passenger compartment are modelled using the finite element method with experimental structural FRF data from the car body as a forcing function. This model is used to predict the noise spectra associated with the second order component of engine excitation experienced by occupants for the bare body. The acoustic effects of various items of trim are added to the model as acoustic absorption coefficients to show the Significance of trim in reducing low frequency boom in car passenger compcompartments. The necessary absorption coefficients were measured with an impedance tube.

Decameter radiation was first observed from Jupiter by Burke and Franklin (JGR 60, 213, 1955). In 1964 Bigg (Nature, 203, 1008, (1964)) found that 1o exerted a profound effect on the radiation. The majority of the early theories to explain the origin of the decameter emissions, attributed the radiation to an emission process occurring at or near the electron gyrofrequency or the plasma frequency. Intro., p. 1. The majority of the early theories to explain the origin of the decameter emissions, attributed the radiation to an emission process occurring at or near the electron gyrofrequency or the plasma frequency (for a review see eg. Warwick, Space Sci. Rev. &" 841 (1967)). More recent work centred around the question of how 10 modulates the emission (see the article of Carr and Gulkis (Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics Vol 8 (1970)) for a detailed review).

The past is a statement; the future a question. Henri Cartier-Bresson provides us with an interpretation of the “now” with the decisive moment and it is through this lens that I examine the glitch. Like the street photography style that Cartier-Bresson pioneered, the glitch artist role is not to simply create, but lies in inviting and reacting to conditions that will permit art to happen. Similar to the camera’s shutter being triggered, the glitch is initialized in a moment of uncertainty by our analog selves and is revealed to be dissident code that is set free from the pristine constructs of the digital format. As the glitch is an affective event that happens in real time, or in a moment, it can be recorded, captured and documented as a breakthrough of noise separated from the signal. As a culture, we tend to filter out and defend against the noise of the glitch while keeping the myth of perfect signal alive. I would suggest that we welcome the noise as a type of natural wilderness in the machine that reveals the illusion of the digital era and blurs the lines between transcription and transcoding.

This writing discusses the topic of lateness - mortality and how it affects my creative practice regarding the themes of memory and thought, experience and perception, depression and suicide, and their connection to the progression of my artistic work leading to my MFA thesis performance. I refer to my own experiences with clinical depression, anxiety, and suicidal moments to contextualize not only my own work, but also to extend Edward Said’s definition of late style. Establishing an analogy for lateness with hourglass imagery, I begin with the definition of perpetual lateness or late style and cyclical existence within Said’s linear episodes. Within the paper, I explore the impact of repetitious thought on my own issues with verbal and written communication and my creative approaches. Amongst descriptions of artistic influence and process, I express an interest in expressive art therapies, mindfulness, and exploratory meditation through sound. Through redefining late style and timeliness, I associate my processes in sound art with repetition, emanation, separation, isolation and their influential origins. I use the discussion of the progression of my sound art to inform how I arrive at the concepts for my thesis performance of The Human Reliquary, including the construction of experimental wearable instrumentation, costuming, and exploring butoh styles of improvisational movements.

This thesis deals with the evaluation of noise pollution caused by the operation of pig farm in the village Ponedrazka. The aim of this study was to measure noise at predetermined locations, its evaluation and comparison with the current legislative notice. Measurements were carried out during the vegetation growing season as well as during non vegetation season.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:31:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2013-08-16Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:42:28Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000756845.pdf: 3120979 bytes, checksum: bd877dd4f0537506f099ca595789201f (MD5) / No Brasil os números de acidentes no trabalho apresentaram uma redução de aproximadamente 7% entre os anos de 2008 e 2010, contudo, ainda são altos. Segundo Anuário Estatístico de Acidentes do Trabalho do Ministério do Trabalho e Emprego (2011) os números de acidentes de trabalho em 2006 foram 512.232, em 2007, 653.090, em 2008 755 mil, em 2009 733 mil e em 2010 um total de 701 mil, representando uma queda de aproximadamente 7 % no período. O presente trabalho teve por objetivo estudar os principais agentes geradores de lesões presentes na atividade dos operadores de roçadora transversal motorizada, que pode gerar sobrecargas físicas e mentais a estes operários. Os dados coletados a partir da percepção de uma amostra de quarenta e cinco trabalhadores na operação com este equipamento, que é cada vez mais utilizado nas operações de limpeza no meio rural e urbano, mostram riscos ao trabalhador em relação ao equipamento – calor, ruído e vibração –,às condições ambientais – trabalho a céu aberto – e à ergonomia – dores musculares. O trabalho em tela foi realizado na Rodovia Comandante João Ribeiro de Barros, em trecho de aproximadamente 100 quilômetros de extensão, entre os municípios de Bauru e Marília, na região oeste do Estado de São Paulo. Com relação aos resultados encontrados, o ruído ultrapassa 115 dB(A), vibração 4,0 m/s2 e estresse térmico de 29,9 0C. As avaliações ergonômicas também demonstraram que a atividade causa lesão aos trabalhadores. Diante disso, verificou-se a necessidade de serem propostas melhorias no equipamento e nas condições de trabalho.Para solucionar os altos níveis de ruído foi proposta a instalação de um silencioso na descarga dos gases gerados na combustão, fazendo com que o nível de ruído produzido pelo equipamento fosse reduzido, sendo assim, o protótipo aqui proposto reduziria... / In Brazil the numbers of accidents at work showed a reduction of about 7% between 2008 and 2010, still is high. According to Statistical Yearbook of industrial accidents of the Ministry of labor and employment (2011) the number of occupational accidents in 2006 were 512,232, in 2007, 653,090, 755 thousand were 2008, 2009 was seven hundred and thirty-three thousand and 2010 a total of seven hundred and one thousand, representing a decrease of approximately 7% over the period. The present work aimed to study the main generators of agents present in the lesions of motorized cross brush cutter operators that can generate physical and mental overloads to these workers. The data collected from the perception of a sample of 45 workers in operation with this equipment that is increasingly used in cleaning operations in urban and rural areas, show risks to workers in relation to equipment: heat, noise and vibration, in relation to environmental conditions: open-air and ergonomic work: muscle aches. The work was carried out in the screen Commander João Ribeiro de Barros Highway, approximately one hundred kilometers, between the municipalities of Bauru and Marília, in the Western region of the State of São Paulo in Brazil. With respect to results, the noise exceeds 115 dB (A) vibration and 4.0 m/s2. The ergonomic evaluations also demonstrated that the activity cause injury to employees. Given that, the need to propose improvements in the equipment and working conditions. To address the high levels of noise was proposed to install a silencer on the discharge of gases generated in combustion, thus causing the noise level produced by the equipment should be reduced, therefore the prototype proposed here would reduce the noise at approximately 107 dB (A). The vibration issue, for being an agent more complex,...

Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-14T16:52:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2014-07-24Bitstream added on 2015-05-14T16:59:42Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000823783.pdf: 2402368 bytes, checksum: dd7ab27eff3fe4fe10a9799d8d430b41 (MD5) / Os elevados níveis de ruído têm sido um grave problema nos ambientes de trabalho, principalmente nas indústrias, ocasionado danos à saúde de inúmeros funcionários. Em muitos casos, o controle destes níveis de ruído requer medidas de engenharia complexas, com custos elevados e que demandam bom planejamento técnico e financeiro. Neste contexto, este trabalho teve como objetivo desenvolver uma metodologia para avaliação e predição do ruído nos locais de trabalho, por meio de uma ferramenta que permitira predizer resultados à implantação das medidas de atenuação dos níveis sonoros, visando dar diretrizes para uma estratégia de gestão de ruído ocupacional. Essa dissertação consiste em fornecer informações e dados numéricos para a elaboração de um mapa acústico do ambiente interno da Usina Hidrelétrica de Ilha Solteira e foi dividido em duas abordagens, uma abordagem teórica e uma abordagem experimental. Na abordagem experimental foram realizadas medições de um conjunto de pontos no entorno de cada fonte identificada no ambiente, os dados obtidos serão processados e analisados para posterior comparação com os valores obtidos no modelo de simulação. Na abordagem teórica será criado um modelo de simulação do ruído do piso dos geradores, levando em consideração os dados reais da construção predial, bem como as fontes identificadas no ambiente. O modelo de predição final será validado comparando os valores obtidos pelas simulações com valores medidos em campo / The high levels of noise have been a serious problem in the workplace, especially in industries, causing damage to health of many employees. However, in many cases, control of noise levels requires complex engineering measures, with attendant high costs and thus demands good technical and financial planning. In this context, this work aimed to develop a methodology for evaluation and control of noise at work, by means of tools that can predict outcomes and costs of implementation of the control noise measures, to give guidelines for a management strategy of occupational noise. This project is to provide information and data for the preparation of a map of the acoustic environment inside the Ilha Solteira Hydroelectric Plant and will be divided into two approaches, a theoretical and an experimental approach. In the experimental approach, measurements of a number of points will be made around each source identified in the environment, the data will be processed and analyzed to be compared with the values obtained in the simulation model. In the theoretical approach will be created a simulation model of the noise at the floor of the generators, taking into account the actual data of the building construction and the sources identified in the environment. The final prediction model will be validated by comparing the values obtained by simulations with values measured in the field

abstract: In this thesis, an approach to develop low-frequency accelerometer based on molecular electronic transducers (MET) in an electrochemical cell is presented. Molecular electronic transducers are a class of inertial sensors which are based on an electrochemical mechanism. Motion sensors based on MET technology consist of an electrochemical cell that can be used to detect the movement of liquid electrolyte between electrodes by converting it to an output current. Seismometers based on MET technology are attractive for planetary applications due to their high sensitivity, low noise, small size and independence on the direction of sensitivity axis. In addition, the fact that MET based sensors have a liquid inertial mass with no moving parts makes them rugged and shock tolerant (basic survivability has been demonstrated to >20 kG). A Zn-Cu electrochemical cell (Galvanic cell) was applied in the low-frequency accelerometer. Experimental results show that external vibrations (range from 18 to 70 Hz) were successfully detected by this accelerometer as reactions Zn→〖Zn〗^(2+)+2e^- occurs around the anode and 〖Cu〗^(2+)+2e^-→Cu around the cathode. Accordingly, the sensitivity of this MET device design is to achieve 10.4 V/G at 18 Hz. And the sources of noise have been analyzed. / Dissertation/Thesis / Masters Thesis Electrical Engineering 2015