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Multiple contributors to neurocognitive impairment in individuals with sickle cell disease have been identified. Research indicates that a history of cerebrovascular accidents, such as silent infarcts and strokes are associated with greater cognitive decline among children with sickle cell disease. Additionally, disease effects such as hemoglobin and hematocrit levels significantly effect cognitive performance among this population and should be taken into consideration when examining neurocognitive impairment. Further, previous studies show a significant relationship between child behavior problems, family functioning, and cognitive performance in children with sickle cell, marking those as important targets for intervention among this population. While cognitive decline with increased age is not typically examined in healthy child populations, some research indicates the presence of age effects in those with SCD. A majority of the literature addresses cognitive impairment from a broad perspective, while a limited number of studies have begun to address effects among specific cognitive domains. Using archival data from the National Institutes of Health's Cooperative Study of Sickle Cell Disease, results revealed that disease severity was negatively correlated with some aspects of cognitive functioning, including visual-spatial domains. Additionally, some measures of cognitive performance were inversely correlated with age. Consistent with hypothesized outcomes, family functioning was strongly associated with measures of cognitive functioning. Implications are discussed.

The thesis Dynamic Loewenstein occupational therapy cognitive assessment in individuals after obtaining brain injury in working age deals with a comparison of the level of the brain injured and non-brain injured people's cognitive functions with the aid of the Loewenstein Occupational Therapy Cognitive Assessment battery (DLOTCA). The theoretical part is focused on an issue of the acquired brain injury, a description of cognitive areas and as well their pathology due to this injury. The aim of the practical part is to test the cognitive functions with the aid of the Loewenstein Occupational Therapy Cognitive Assessment. The survey's main object is the applicability of the working version of the Loewenstein Occupational Therapy Cognitive Assessment battery (DLOTCA), its translated version. The testing was carried out on seventy probands devided into three groups. Healthy people (n=50), cerebrovascular accident patients (n=10) and traumatic brain injury patients (n=10). Key words: obtained brain injury Dynamic Loewenstein occupational therapy cognitive assessment cognitive function working age occupational therapy cognitive assessment

The thesis Dynamic Loewenstein occupational therapy cognitive assessment in individuals after obtaining brain injury in working age deals with a comparison of the level of the brain injured and non-brain injured people's cognitive functions with the aid of the Loewenstein Occupational Therapy Cognitive Assessment battery (DLOTCA). The theoretical part is focused on an issue of the acquired brain injury, a description of cognitive areas and as well their pathology due to this injury. The aim of the practical part is to test the cognitive functions with the aid of the Loewenstein Occupational Therapy Cognitive Assessment. The survey's main object is the applicability of the working version of the Loewenstein Occupational Therapy Cognitive Assessment battery (DLOTCA), its translated version. The testing was carried out on seventy probands devided into three groups. Healthy people (n=50), cerebrovascular accident patients (n=10) and traumatic brain injury patients (n=10). Test results confirm all the stated hypothesis because it did not meet the prerequisites of the total evaluation. We assumed that a person healthy population will reach 100% success rate testing, which some individuals reached. In the assessment of persons with stroke by 6 out of 10 tested achieved a lower evaluation scores in most...

The purpose of this study was twofold: to determine the construct validities of comparable AD/HD instruments that were developed according to our current, DSM-IV classification system for AD/HD; and to identify potential +neurocognitive and socioemotional markers for AD/HD. The sample consisted of 145 children ages 8 to 11 years of age who were diagnosed with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (AD/HD), or Central Auditory Processing Disorder (CAPD). Children were administered a battery of neurocognitive tests and completed a self-report measure of personality. Parents completed several, AD/HD instruments pertaining to their children. The AD/HD instruments used in this study were the Attention Deficit Disorder Evaluation Scale-Home Version (ADDES), Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Test (ADHDT), and the Attention Problems and Hyperactivity scales from the BASC-Monitor (BASC-M). Of interest was how each AD/HD instrument compared to the DSM-IV, particularly in terms of the cross-consistency of AD/HD subtype classifications. The findings showed that the AD/HD instruments classified participants differently from the initial, DSM-IV entry diagnosis. Rates of agreement were better for some of the AD/HD instruments than for others yet there was little overall consistency. The neurocognitive measures used in the study were the Cognitive Assessment System-Basic Battery scales. The socioemotional measures used in the study were two parent-report scales from the BASC-M (Internalizing Problems and Adaptive Skills), and the child report scales from the BASC-Self Report of Personality. Results showed that the neurocognitive measures were relatively insensitive to AD/HD symptomatology while a nearly opposite trend was observed on the socioemotional measures. For the most part, participants classified as the ADHD-Combined Type (ADHD-CT), (regardless of which AD/HD instrument was used) had the most significant impairment in areas of social functioning and emotional symptoms across parent and self-reports.

O presente estudo teve por objetivo avaliar aspectos do funcionamento cognitivo, dentro de uma abordagem de avaliação assistida, de crianças encaminhadas a serviços de Psicologia, com queixa de dificuldade de aprendizagem escolar e classificadas como deficientes mentais leves. Foram avaliadas 29 crianças de 8 a 11 anos de 1ª a 3ª série, com tarefas de perguntas de busca de informação com exclusão de alternativas e de raciocínio analógico. Seguiu-se um delineamento em fases: inicial sem ajuda, assistência, manutenção e transferência. Com base nos indicadores de desempenho de cada tarefa, realizou-se uma análise comparativa do desempenho dos sujeitos nas diferentes fases. Foram detectadas variações de sinais de recursos potenciais entre as crianças, classificando-as em: ganhadoras, subgrupo predominante, alto-escores e não-ganhadoras. Analisaram-se as operações cognitivas apresentadas na resolução das tarefas e os comportamentos da criança em relação à tarefa. Em um grupo relativamente homogêneo quanto à classificação psicométrica do nível mental, a avaliação assistida permitiu identificar variação intragrupo diferenciando crianças que não apresentavam eficiência na solução de problemas, requeriam muita ajuda da examinadora e não mantinham o desempenho após a suspensão da assistência, daquelas eficientes e transferidoras, que apresentavam operações cognitivas positivas na resolução das tarefas, do tipo conduta reflexiva, percepção clara, conduta comparativa, percepção integrativa, identificação de relevância, encadeamento lógico das questões e autocorreção. Quanto ao comportamento na tarefa, de modo geral, os sujeitos apresentavam comportamentos positivos, do tipo sossegado, rápido, interessado, participativo, orientado, persistente, cuidadoso com o material, disposição e concentração na realização das tarefas. / The present study had the aim of assessing aspects of cognitive functioning, in an assisted assessment approach, of children that were sent to psychological services with school learning disability complaint and classified as mild mental deficient. It was assessed 29 children ranging from 8 to 11 years old from first to third grade, with constraint-seeking questions with exclusion of alternatives and analogical thinking tasks. It was followed design by phases: initial phase without help, assistance, maintenance and transference. Based on the indicators of each task, it was realized a comparative analysis of the performance of the subjects in the different phases. It was detected variations of signs of potential recourses among the children, classifying them in: ?gainers?, predominant sub-group; ?high scorers? and ?nongainers?. It was also analyzed the cognitive operations presented in the resolution of the tasks and the behavior of the child in relation to the task. In one group relatively homogenized according to the psychometric classification of the mental level of the mental deficiency, the assisted assessment permitted to identify variation intra-group differing children that didn?t show efficiency in the problems solution, required much help and didn?t keep the performance after its suspension, from those ones efficient and transferor, which presented positive cognitive operations in the resolution of the tasks like: reflexive conduct, clear perception, comparative conduct, integrative perception, identification of relevance, logical enchainment of the questions and self correction. In general, the subjects presented positive behavior like: calm, fast, interested, participative, oriented, persistent, careful with the material, disposition and concentration in relation to the tasks.

O presente estudo teve por objetivo avaliar aspectos do funcionamento cognitivo, dentro de uma abordagem de avaliação assistida, de crianças encaminhadas a serviços de Psicologia, com queixa de dificuldade de aprendizagem escolar e classificadas como deficientes mentais leves. Foram avaliadas 29 crianças de 8 a 11 anos de 1ª a 3ª série, com tarefas de perguntas de busca de informação com exclusão de alternativas e de raciocínio analógico. Seguiu-se um delineamento em fases: inicial sem ajuda, assistência, manutenção e transferência. Com base nos indicadores de desempenho de cada tarefa, realizou-se uma análise comparativa do desempenho dos sujeitos nas diferentes fases. Foram detectadas variações de sinais de recursos potenciais entre as crianças, classificando-as em: ganhadoras, subgrupo predominante, alto-escores e não-ganhadoras. Analisaram-se as operações cognitivas apresentadas na resolução das tarefas e os comportamentos da criança em relação à tarefa. Em um grupo relativamente homogêneo quanto à classificação psicométrica do nível mental, a avaliação assistida permitiu identificar variação intragrupo diferenciando crianças que não apresentavam eficiência na solução de problemas, requeriam muita ajuda da examinadora e não mantinham o desempenho após a suspensão da assistência, daquelas eficientes e transferidoras, que apresentavam operações cognitivas positivas na resolução das tarefas, do tipo conduta reflexiva, percepção clara, conduta comparativa, percepção integrativa, identificação de relevância, encadeamento lógico das questões e autocorreção. Quanto ao comportamento na tarefa, de modo geral, os sujeitos apresentavam comportamentos positivos, do tipo sossegado, rápido, interessado, participativo, orientado, persistente, cuidadoso com o material, disposição e concentração na realização das tarefas. / The present study had the aim of assessing aspects of cognitive functioning, in an assisted assessment approach, of children that were sent to psychological services with school learning disability complaint and classified as mild mental deficient. It was assessed 29 children ranging from 8 to 11 years old from first to third grade, with constraint-seeking questions with exclusion of alternatives and analogical thinking tasks. It was followed design by phases: initial phase without help, assistance, maintenance and transference. Based on the indicators of each task, it was realized a comparative analysis of the performance of the subjects in the different phases. It was detected variations of signs of potential recourses among the children, classifying them in: ?gainers?, predominant sub-group; ?high scorers? and ?nongainers?. It was also analyzed the cognitive operations presented in the resolution of the tasks and the behavior of the child in relation to the task. In one group relatively homogenized according to the psychometric classification of the mental level of the mental deficiency, the assisted assessment permitted to identify variation intra-group differing children that didn?t show efficiency in the problems solution, required much help and didn?t keep the performance after its suspension, from those ones efficient and transferor, which presented positive cognitive operations in the resolution of the tasks like: reflexive conduct, clear perception, comparative conduct, integrative perception, identification of relevance, logical enchainment of the questions and self correction. In general, the subjects presented positive behavior like: calm, fast, interested, participative, oriented, persistent, careful with the material, disposition and concentration in relation to the tasks.

Despite considerable debate surrounding an age associated cognitive decline in non-demented elders, recent studies indicate that changes attributable to normal aging affect cognitive processes and fluid abilities. Additionally, studies indicate that factors such as physical illness, depression, neurological damage, medication side effects, drug interactions, and the effects of surgery and anesthesia may also cause varying degrees of cognitive impairment. Impairment of cognitive function is known to affect treatment and rehabilitation outcomes for older persons, and increase their likelihood of institutionalization. Although proper screening and identification of cognitive deficits in geriatric patients are crucial in developing treatment plans, there is evidence in the medical and nursing literature that cognitive decline in older non-demented patients is often not identified. Proper screening in this case, refers not only to whether or not clinicians engage in assessment behavior, but that they adhere to evidence-based practices and utilize standardized instruments which can identify the type, extent, and implications of the cognitive deficits. This study used an exploratory, non-experimental design and the population of interest consisted of occupational therapists providing physical rehabilitation to patients >65 years of age in the United States. The Ecological Systems Model was chosen as the theoretical framework, because it depicts human behavior as the product of the interaction between the individual's personal attributes and the physical and social environment in which the individual functions. Given the changes in health care, and the limits imposed by third party payers, it would seem important to inquire as to the effect of personal and practice contexts on therapists' assessment practices in geriatric rehabilitation. Although results of the study indicate that factors in the practice context are stronger predictors of therapists' use of standardized cognitive screening and assessment instruments, the study supports principles of Ecological Systems Models in that both practice and personal contexts contribute to therapists' assessment practices.