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The value of modus operandi in investigating child support grant fraudThenga, Godfrey 11 1900 (has links)
While establishing modus operandi information is an investigative technique that is used globally in the investigation of fraud, investigators of child support grant fraud in South Africa do not properly use this technique in their investigation.
The study sought to examine the modus operandi used by civil servants in unduly accessing child support grand fraud. The study adopted a qualitative approach, with structured interviews and literature as data-collection methods. Two sample groups were used to gather data. The data was analysed using spiral method.
The study found that modus operandi as a valuable investigation tool was not properly used and in other instances was never used in the investigations. On the basis of the findings, it is recommended that modus operandi captured on the police and corporate database systems be used as reference for comparing modus operandi of known grants fraudsters. Training and skills be provided to public and corporate investigators on the use of modus operandi information in the investigation of social grants.
To ensure that good practice is developed, a modus operandi guideline document should be crafted by the South African Police Services' detective division at National level and corporate investigators respectively, with a view to improve conviction rate. / Criminology and Security Science / M. Tech. (Forensic Investigation)
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The value of investigative profiling of fraud offenders by forensic investigatorsSivnarain, Ranesh 10 1900 (has links)
The problem that the researcher encountered was that forensic investigators were found not to be formally using offender profiling as an investigative technique during investigations into fraud. This research was conducted to ascertain how offender profiling may be useful in expediting the forensic investigation process.
The purpose of this research was to establish what offender profiling is, and what aspects or ingredients constitute such an offender profile. As offender profiles will serve as an aid in future forensic investigations into fraud, this study attempted to create an understanding and awareness of the value of offender profiling. In order for forensic investigators to use offender profiling during routine fraud investigations, it is extremely important that they understand the concept and its practical implementation.
The overall purpose of this study is to provide practical recommendations for the implementation and use of offender profiling to forensic investigators both in the public and private sectors. / Criminal and Procedural Law / (M.Tech. (Forensic Investigation))
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First strike : the effect of the prison regime upon public education and black masculinity in Los Angeles County, CaliforniaSchnyder, Damien Michael 16 October 2012 (has links)
My dissertation is an ethnographic analysis of a public high school in Southeast Los Angeles County. My research analyzes three issues that make major contributions to issues of race and gender within anthropology. First, my ethnography examines the linkages between the prison and public education systems. Second, I argue that as a means to control the movement of black bodies on campus, the public education system denies black students access to traditional spaces of black cultural autonomy. Third, I address the manner in which the public education system constructs and reinforces a particular type of deviant black masculinity with respect to black male youth. Building upon the school-to-prison pipeline scholarship, my dissertation examines the micro-processes by which public education as a state structure facilitates the movement of black male bodies into the labyrinth of the prison system. However, departing from the body of literature, I detail how the public education structure is an ideological and pragmatic extension of the organizational logic of prison. / text
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Criminological assessment of prison inmates: a constructive mechanism towards offender rehabilitationHesselink-Louw, Ann-Mari Elizabeth 30 November 2004 (has links)
This study examines offender assessment from a criminological perspective. International and national research findings, as well as the Canadian (Level of Service Inventory - Revised, LSRI-R) and the British (Offender Assessment System, OASys) offender assessment structures, are used as guidelines to illustrate the practice of offender assessment. Offender needs and risk assessment targets are examined and highlighted for general (non-specific) as well as sex and other violent offenders.
A qualitative research design, supported by explanatory, descriptive and exploratory goals, directs the methodology of this research project. Important assessment tools, such as interviewing, observation, document analysis and the application of theoretical explanations are used to assess and analyse four selected case studies (adult male offenders). These case studies are representative of the different dimensions of offender assessment, namely classification, intervention, risk management and pre-parole assessment. The offenders are individually assessed, analysed and evaluated to determine among other factors, the origin, onset, contributory factors, triggers, high-risk situations, and intervention indicators that can assist custodial therapists and the prison authorities with a more focused approach to the rehabilitation and management of offenders. Each case study is also supported by a theoretical explanation. This highlights the key role, function and contribution of criminologists in corrections, as well as the importance of a multi-fold perspective in the rehabilitation and correction of criminal behaviour. / Criminology and Security Science / Thesis (D. Litt. et Phil. (Criminology))
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Modus operandi as technique in suspect identification in burglary casesBerning, J. M. S. P. 31 August 2008 (has links)
The research attempts to establish how modus operandi can be used to identify
suspects in burglary cases. To conduct effective investigation, it is important
for investigators to be familiar with the concept modus operandi, its elements,
its influence and its values.
To achieve the goals and objectives of the practice of modus operandi,
investigators must know how to apply modus operandi, what the situational
factors are during a criminal act, and how to use it as technique to identify
suspects in burglary cases.
The direction by implication and clarification of the crime situation is hardly
possible without the determination of the identity of the perpetrator or suspect
of a criminal act. The recognition of the modus operandi system as any form of
evidence gathering is of outmost importance. / Criminology and Security Science / M.Tech. (Forensic investigation)
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Profiling of white-collar crime perpetrators in the short-term insurance industry in South AfricaMostert, Deanne 02 1900 (has links)
In the context of violent crimes and criminal investigations, the effectiveness and proven success of offender or criminal profiling have been well documented. In reference to white-collar crime perpetrators offenders, this is a much less documented topic though.
For any organisation to function effectively and be profitable there is huge reliance placed on employees. There is an expectation that the employees will carry out their functions with honesty and integrity while having the employer’s best interests in mind. Recent local and international published fraud surveys reported widely on the growing trend that has become known as the insider threat. This trend relates to the actual occurrence of misconduct by staff members and has increased proportionally over the years, i.e. from 55% in 2010 to a staggering 81% in 2015. The aim of this research was to determine how to profile staff members who commit white-collar crime in the South African short-term insurance industry. In addition, this research also focused on an introduction on the South African short-term insurance industry, as well as the suggested sources to consider when profiling staff as potential white-collar criminal perpetrators and the importance of making use of crime linkage analysis.
Results of this research include that the main objective of profiling will at all times be to perform a structured social and psychological assessment of the perpetrator and when conducting the profiling of potential white-collar criminal perpetrators, there are specific offender characteristics to consider, and detailed data will be required pertaining to certain categories. / Police Practice / M. Tech. (Forensic Investigations)
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The effect of the experience of incarceration on prison inmatesDe Wet, Karen Jeanne 30 November 2005 (has links)
This research was undertaken to establish the effect incarceration of individuals in the total institution called prison has on the incarcerated individuals. A literature study along with an empirical study, with 17 ex-inmates, was completed to explore the environment and circumstances of the institution called prison and the effect it has on the prisoners it incarcerates. Issues discussed include the prison environment, the prisonisation process, the inmate code and the process of incarceration. Also discussed are the presence, activities and influence of the gangs within the prison environment. It would appear that prison has a lasting effect on most prisoners and limited rehabilitative value, although there does appear to be some deterrence value. The subject begs further investigation, especially among a wider mix of inmate type, in order to deliver further recommendations to the South African Department of Correctional Services. / Social work / M.A.(Social Science)
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A quantitative study on the culture of violence amongst learners in South African schoolsVan der Merwe, Nicola 04 1900 (has links)
The focus of this thesis falls on school violence. The research addresses the
possibility that a culture of violence exists amongst some South African
school-going youth. The researcher identified the attitudes and behaviour of
learners towards violence as indicators of the culture of these learners. The
research specifically focused on the pro-violence attitudes and violent
behaviour of learners. The definition of ‘culture’ which was employed suggests
the link between a person’s attitude, behaviour and culture. Information was
gathered through literature and empirical research. The data was collected by
means of a questionnaire with closed-ended questions and a well-tested tool,
namely the Attitudes towards Violence Scale. The results of the empirical
research were analyzed with the SPSS Windows data editor computer
program. Conclusions and recommendations regarding school violence were
made. In addition, a programme to curb such violence was proposed. Some
suggestions for further research into this subject were also advanced. / Criminology and Security Science / M.A. (Criminology)
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Kriminologiese ontleding van manlike observasiegevalle / A criminological analysis of male observation casesLadikos, Anastasios, 1948- 06 1900 (has links)
Afrikaans text / The purpose of this study was to retrospectively analyze a group
of observation cases referred to a psychiatric institution through the criminal justice system by
means of certain measuring instruments in order to determine on which grounds some of the cases
were classified as criminals and others as state patients.
The sample for the purposes of this investigation consisted of one hundred and forty-two cases
referred to the Weskoppies hospital for psychiatric observation during 1988 to 1994. The measuring
instruments were the South African Wechsler intelligence scale, the Rorschach projective
technique and an information schedule which was used for the purpose of gathering biographical
information and personal details of each particular case. The data collected through these
instruments was statistically analyzed utilising frequencies and crosstabulations,
chi-square tests, t-tests, correspondence
analyses, factor analyses and regression analyses.
The findings of this investigation revealed that crimes concerning personal relations and property
crimes were more committed by criminals than state patients while crimes concerning communal life
were encountered more amongst state patients than criminals.
Non-person-directed crimes of violence were encountered proportionally more amongst state patients
who had a history of substance abuse than in criminals with a similar history. State patients who
had a history of substance abuse were proportionally more prosecuted on account of
person-directed-crimes of violence than criminals with a similar history.
The predictive measuring instrument developed by means of
regression analysis indicated as important predictors three
subtests of the South African Wechsler intelligence scale namely general information, digit-symbol
substitution and picture arrangement as well as the variable "previous psychiatric treatment".
The following recommendations were also made:
The current endeavour to adapt the South African Wechsler intelligence scale for all population
groups needs to be maintained and this adaptation should also be pursued in each country where the
scale is used or was used in the past.
It is advisable to draw up certain profiles of specific offenders by means of the Rorschach
projective technique while the testing procedure should preferably be undertaken by the same
researcher.
Provision should be made that the accused be declared as state patients only on account of serious
and violent crimes while the courts should have the right in appropriate cases to charge the
accused with detention in accordance with chapter three of the
Mental Health Act.
The testimony of criminologists and psychologists should be added to the testimony of psychiatrists
especially in cases of accountability or diminished accountability.
The proposed predictive model may be further refined and adapted through the use of a larger,
nation-wide sample resulting in the inclusion of a greater number of observation cases and
variables.
Due to the accelerating rate of revision associated with The DSM IV manual and the fact that its
validity is questioned, ethically responsible psychiatrists, psychologists and criminologists are
obligated to identify practices and procedures which threaten to misinform the legal system. / Die doel van hierdie studie was om aan die hand van bepaalde meetinstrumente retrospektief 'n groep
observasiegevalle wat deur die regstelsel na 'n psigiatriese inrigting verwys is, te ontleed, sodat
daar vasgestel kon word op watter gronde sekere van die gevalle as misdadigers en ander as
staatspasiente geklassifiseer is.
Die steekproef vir die doeleindes van hierdie ondersoek het bestaan uit honderd twee-en-veertig
gevalle wat vanaf 1988 tot
1994 na Weskoppieshospitaal vir psigiatriese waarneming verwys is. Die meetinstrumente wat gebruik
is, was die Suid-Afrikaanse Wechsler-intelligensieskaal, die Rorschach-projeksietegniek en
'n inligtingskedule wat biografiese inligting en persoonlike
besonderhede van elke besondere geval ingewin het. Die gegewens wat uit hierdie meetinstrumente
versamel is, is statisties
verwerk met behulp van frekwensies en kruistabellerings, chi
kwadraattoetse, t-toetse, korrespondensie-analises, faktoranalises en regressie-ontledings.
Die bevindinge van die ondersoek het aan die lig gebring dat persoonverhoudings- en
eiendomsmisdrywe meer deur misdadigers as staatspasiente gepleeg word, terwyl gemeenskapslewe
misdrywe meer by staatspasiente as misdadigers voorgekom het.
Nie-persoonsgerigte geweldsmisdrywe het verhoudingsgewys meer onder staatspasiente met 'n
geskiedenis van substansmisbruik as by misdadigers met 'n soortgelyke geskiedenis voorgekom.
Staatspasiente met 'n geskiedenis van substansmisbruik is ook verhoudingsgewys meer as misdadigers
met 'n soortgelyke geskiedenis weens persoonsgerigte geweldsmisdrywe aangekla.
Die voorspellingsmeetinstrument wat met behulp van die regressie
ontledings ontwikkel is, het drie subtoetse van die Suid Afrikaanse Wechsler-intelligensieskaal
naamlik algemene inligting, syfersimboolvervanging en prentrangskikking asook
die veranderlike "vorige psigiatriese behandeling" as die
belangrikste voorspellers uitgewys.
Die volgende aanbevelings word ook hiermee gemaak:
Daar moet volgehou word met die huidige poging om die Suid Afrikaanse Wechsler-intelligensieskaal
vir alle bevolkingsgroepe in Suid-Afrika aan te pas asook met die aanpassing van die meetskaal vir
elke land wat dit tans gebruik of in die verlede gebruik het.
Dit is raadsaam om met behulp van die Rorschach projektiewe tegniek bepaalde profiele ten opsigte
van spesifieke oortreders op te stel terwyl die toetsingsproses verkieslik deur dieselfde
ondersoeker waargeneem word.
Daar moet seker gemaak word dat beskuldigdes slegs in die geval van ernstige en gewelddadige
misdade tot staatspasiente verklaar word, terwyl die howe die bevoegdheid kry om in geskikte
gevalle te beveel dat beskuldigdes ingevolge Hoofstuk 3 van die Wet op Geestesgesondheid aangehou
moet word.
Die getuienis van kriminoloe en sielkundiges behoort bygevoeg te word by die van psigiaters en wel
in gevalle waar toerekeningsvatbaarheid of verminderde toerekeningsvatbaarheid ter sprake is.
Die voorgestelde voorspellingsmodel kan verder verfyn en aangepas word deurdat 'n groter, landwye
steekproef van alle observasiegevalle getrek word wat uiteraard 'n groter aantal veranderlikes
sal insluit.
Weens die versnellingstempo van hersiening met betrekking tot die
DSM-IV handleiding en die feit dat sy betroubaarheid bevraagteken word, word aanbeveel dat eties
verantwoordelike gedrag aan die kant van psigiaters, sielkundiges en kriminoloe gevolg word sodat
praktyke en prosedures wat die regstelsel kan benadeel, geidentifiseer kan word. / Criminology and Security Studies / D.Litt. et Phil. (Kriminologie)
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The value of modus operandi in investigating child support grant fraudThenga, Godfrey 11 1900 (has links)
While establishing modus operandi information is an investigative technique that is used globally in the investigation of fraud, investigators of child support grant fraud in South Africa do not properly use this technique in their investigation.
The study sought to examine the modus operandi used by civil servants in unduly accessing child support grand fraud. The study adopted a qualitative approach, with structured interviews and literature as data-collection methods. Two sample groups were used to gather data. The data was analysed using spiral method.
The study found that modus operandi as a valuable investigation tool was not properly used and in other instances was never used in the investigations. On the basis of the findings, it is recommended that modus operandi captured on the police and corporate database systems be used as reference for comparing modus operandi of known grants fraudsters. Training and skills be provided to public and corporate investigators on the use of modus operandi information in the investigation of social grants.
To ensure that good practice is developed, a modus operandi guideline document should be crafted by the South African Police Services' detective division at National level and corporate investigators respectively, with a view to improve conviction rate. / Criminology and Security Science / M. Tech. (Forensic Investigation)
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