Human resource is an important resource to achieve organizational mission (McGregor, 1960). The impact of strong competition, dramatic changes in the external environment, the business enterprise has a certain degree of impact and influence. How to operate with sustainability in this changeable environment of intense competition would be the prior goal that a firm is pursuing. Under the context of rapidly-changing industrial paradigm, leaders face the critical issue of how to attract excellent employees and keep them dramatically influences the competitiveness of the company. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships among leadership style, work motivation, and job involvement, and also use the oranizational justice as a moderator. This research tries to find out the moderating effect of organizational justice on work motivation and job involvement. This research targeted the top 1000 companies in manufacturing industry and top 500 companies in service industry which were according to the year 2008 ranking of the Common Wealth Magazine, of that, 417 valid samples were returned. The study adopts the following statistical analysis techniques: The confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), the reliability analysis, the descriptive statistics, the independent t-test, the one-way ANOVA, the correlation analysis, and the hierarchical regression analysis. The finding were as follows. 1. Both transformational and transactional leaderships show significant positive effects on the extrinsic motivation. 2. Both transformational and transactional leaderships show significant positive effects on the intrinsic motivation. 3. The extrinsic motivation shows significant positive effects on the job involvement; but the intrinsic motivation shows no effect on the job involvement. 4. Both transformational and transactional leaderships show positive effects on the job involvement. 5. The extrinsic motivation has mediated effect between leadership style and job involvement. 6. The procedure justice has moderated effect between intrinsic motivation and job involvement. This study concludes by discussing for the implications of major findings, which would be a reference to the academy and industries, and make suggestions for further studies.

According to the report of effective advertising analysis in the Taiwan area released by Rainmaker XKM International Corp., the advertising amount of care product industry is up to 28.8 million dollars, ranking second place in whole industry. In the market of care products, each firm is in high competition. For winning form the competition and accessing to consumer, the firms look for celebrities to be the endorsers for their own products, and even spend tons of money to make consumers know their products and brands in the short period. The strategies of endorser have many advantages, and be adopted widely. Besides, based on the properties that the care product industry is in high competition and the product life cycle is very short, whether the expenditure of spokesman can reach firm¡¦s expectation? Are the endorsers that firms choose are liked by public? This research takes Olay as example to discuss the effect of endorser credibility on advertising effectiveness. Also, this research takes involvement with advertisement as moderator variable to realize the relationship between endorser credibility and advertising effectiveness. Finally, comparing Olay¡¦s endorsers belong to different products to understand consumer¡¦s evaluation. The consequences of analysis indicate that the endorser credibility will affect advertising effectiveness and the trustworthiness, relevance, and likability has higher positive relationship. In addition to, the attractiveness and expertness has lower relationship. Besides, involvement with advertisement certainly has moderator effect between endorser credibility and advertising effectiveness. Finally, this research gives some practical advices for the business administrator according to the consequences of research.

As the structure of society has changed, there has been a gradual increase in non-profit organizations. People no longer work to only satisfy biological needs, but have started pursuing higher levels of self-actualization by participating in various volunteer activities. This research aimed to investigate the relationships among the big five personality traits, participation motivation, and involvement of the Pingtung County Ligang Squadron Volunteer Firefighters. The main purposes of this study were: (1) To explore the relation of demographic features to the big five personality traits of volunteer firefighters; (2) To explore the relation of the big five personality traits to participation motivation of volunteer firefighters; and (3) To explore whether participation motivation would be associated with involvement. We distributed 185 questionnaires via purposive sampling and received 145 valid questionnaires. The response rate was 80.5%. Reliability, descriptive statistics, independent sample t-test, one-way ANOVA, and regression analysis were employed for data analysis. The results showed that volunteer firefighters' personality traits were correlated with age, education level, and occupation. Among the big five personality traits, conscientiousness and emotional stability were significantly associated with participation motivation. Volunteer firefighters with the firefighting or nursing profession showed greater willingness for continued participation. Implications, limitations, and future directions are discussed.

This study is mainly working on the influence of the staying employees¡¦ citizenship behaviors and working attitude under corporate merger, under the background of integration upstream parts and components by optoelectronic company. The subjects to study are organizational commitment, job insecurity and job satisfaction.. This study aimed to understand employees¡¦ mentality and coworker relations by interviewing 3 management members and 7 employees by adapting qualitative analysis Those who accept to stay in the merged company usually feel unsafety in their mind and show bad interaction with employees of the merger. The job insecurity will affect employees¡¦ organizational commitment, job involvement, and job satisfaction. The most important is that the support from the direct supervisor will strongly influence the job satisfaction and performance of subordinators. The better interaction, the stronger support from the direct supervisor which subordinators will feel.

Bulk food exist in various kind of food, can be purchased by individual needs and quantities required, customer in Taiwan still stick to bulk food and the way sales. Recent year, many problems have revealed the bulk food safety issue. Therefore, Department of Health enacted bulk food labeling regulation in 2009 to clarify what information to be revealed, and has advocating the information to consumer about how to choose bulk food. The government hopes to increase the consumer knowledge and avoid food hazard. We can tell that knowledge must be an important part in decision procedure of food purchasing, but a few of research concern this issue. Hence, in this research product knowledge and other variables are discussed and selected to form research model. This research also discovered the bulk food safety situation unprecedentedly, gives an overview to readers. The goals of this research are find the mediator effect within involvement, perceived quality and repurchase intention and the moderator effect of product knowledge between the relationships of perceived quality and repurchase intention. Samples of 973 collected through questionnaire survey, tested the hypotheses by regression analysis. The result showed the three variables did have partial mediator effect. And the moderator effect was confirmed, product knowledge will weakened the relationship, implied the bulk food safety information advocacy would help to change the customer decision. Based on the result, suggestions are as followed: government should keep on educating consumer to establish proper food decision criteria; bulk food producer and distributor should improve the information reveal and food quality control spontaneously, to win customers¡¦ perceived quality and increase purchase.

This study examined the influence of social workers placed at the elementary school level, who work with low-socioeconomic families. The intent of the study was to examine the role of the social worker, at identified Title I elementary schools, on parent involvement. Research Question 1 asked, “What influence do the family specialists have in family involvement as reported by parents and family specialists at the identified Title I elementary schools in the North East ISD, in San Antonio, Texas?” The results of this study strongly support that the family specialist on the campus did have a positive influence on parents getting involved at their child’s school. Research Question 2 asked, “What selected variables influence parental involvement as reported by parents and family specialists, who are participants of the Parent Academy at the selected Title I elementary schools in the North East ISD, in San Antonio, Texas?” The results of this study strongly supported that the variables of open communication between home and school and the school being inviting to parents are positive factors in getting parents involved. Research Question 3 asked, “What influence do community agencies have in assisting with the needs of families, as reported on the end-of-year summary sheets by the family specialists at the selected Title I elementary schools in the North East ISD, in San Antonio, Texas?” The results of this study showed that data procedures were inconsistent among the family specialists in the North East ISD. Data concerning the use of social service agencies was incomplete. No standard procedures are in place for tracking services provided to families. Research Question 4 asked, “What influence do parents have on determining the classes set forth for the Parent Academy, as reported by the parents and family specialists who are participants of the Parent Academy at the selected Title I elementary campuses in the North East ISD in San Antonio, Texas?” The results of this study strongly suggested that both parents and family specialists feel the parents have a voice in choosing the classes provided for them by the family specialists.

The purpose of this study was to describe what kind of student-faculty interactions are occurring in the context of academic student organizations as well as identify the quality and quantity of such interactions and what factors are involved with meaningful interactions. The study also determined how these interactions might differ from those occurring in other college activities and how the factors of classification, organizational status, and institutional size relate to quality and quantity of interactions in both contexts. An instrument was developed for the study using all student-faculty interactions identified by previous researchers. A total of 104 undergraduate students from four different institutions responded to the instrument. All were members of an academic student organization. Results indicated that almost all of the students had faculty advisors for their organizations. In addition, 99 percent of participants had at least one interaction with faculty since they started college. Another 81 percent had at least one interaction with faculty within their academic student organization, and 96 percent had at least one interaction with faculty within their other college activities. Over three-quarters (78 percent) said they had interactions with faculty in both their academic student organization and other college activities. Interactions were found to occur but were infrequent overall and did not differ significantly between academic student organizations and other college activities. However, there was a trend for participants to have a higher quantity of interactions within their organizations than through other activities. Most of the interactions reported by participants lasted longer than 10 minutes, which was the standard by which some researchers measured quality. For institutional size, a pattern of responses indicated that participants from small institutions may have a higher quality and quantity of interactions with faculty than their peers from large institutions. Whether or not a student served as a member or a leader in their academic student organization did appear to impact the interactions they had with faculty. Leaders reported more interactions with faculty in their organizational context than did members.

Abstract The development of the nutritionist will be twenty years in Taiwan. The role of nutritionist is changed from meals management of group to education and consulting of nutrition in the period of the prosperous eighties till now. In the meantime, the top ten causes of death are changed from emergency medical case to chromic disease in Taiwan. The custom of weight reduction is spread over Taiwan in the eighties. The general public is eager to receive the instruction of nutritionist. However, the diet therapy of various chromic diseases takes place of weight reduction that is gradually disappeared in Taiwan now. The nutritionist still play important role in maintenance of healthy group and preventive medicine. There are few local researches to be related with the nutritionist. I hope to achieve the effect of promotion by means of this research. There are three destinations in this research. One, the occupational commitment of local nutritionist is understood. Two, the factor is ascertained by the influence of occupational commitment of local nutritionist. Third, the relationship between occupational commitment and leave attitude is confirmed. The researcher initially discusses how viewpoint and expectation of nutritionist is influenced by various occupations through individual interview. And then the evidential research structure and questionnaire is developed to investigate occupational commitment and its influence factors of local occupational nutritionist. The result of research is listed below: 1. Occupational commitment is evident relevant to the gender, position of occupation and location of occupation that is belongs to the variation factors of nutritionist. Among the investigation, occupational commitment of female is stronger that the occupational commitment of male, and occupational commitment of manager is stronger that occupational commitment of non-manager, nutritionist of body fitness center gives much commitment than the nutritionist of hospital, school and other location. 2. Occupational commitment is negative evident relevant to locus of control that is one influence factor of occupational commitment. Occupational commitment is positive evident relevant to work involvement, work satisfaction, organizational commitment and feeling of external environment. The employee that has personality of self-control has more occupational commitment. Occupational commitment of nutritionist can be enhanced by the positive influence factors of occupational commitments. 3. Sentimental commitment is stronger and standard commitment is weak between the occupational commitments of nutritionist. Work satisfaction is much influenced by sentimental commitment. The human resource manager of nutritionist urgently implements the various policies to enhance work satisfaction. 4. Work performance is evident positive relevant to occupational commitments, especially the relevance of sentimental commitment is much evident. Leave attitude is evident negative relevant to occupational commitments. The higher occupational commitment of nutritionist has the better work performance and poor leave attitude. Key words: occupational commitments, locus of control, work involvement, work satisfaction, organizational commitment, work performance, leave attitude.

Abstract This study mainly investigated the changing of pricing leverage of brand among different situations, especially, among distinctive product categories and among various levels of product knowledge which consumers obtained. Firstly, the research tries to verify existence of the hypothesized pricing leverage of brand; that is to test (1) the influences of levels of brand awareness on consumers¡¦ price perception; and (2) the effect of brand awareness on consumers¡¦ tolerance over the price increasing. In addition, this research manipulates three other variables, namely: product category, product knowledge which consumer obtained, and consumers¡¦ involvement toward the product in interest, as to seek and explore the conditions on which the pricing leverage of brand can occur. As experimentation is the method of this study, it utilizes a 3 ( brand awareness: high, middle, low) x 3 ( product category: convenience goods, shopping goods, specialty goods) x 2 ( product knowledge: much, little) x 2 (involvement: high, low) factorial design as its basic framework of experiment design. A focus group depth interview discussion, which participants were from target subject group, was held to collect the appropriate or suitable products, brands, pricing levels, product information, and product attributes, ... etc. The products eventually used in the experiments are six items: fresh milk, toilet tissue, hand-bag, leisure shoes, watch, and digital camera. According to the products chosen, the brand names are selected based on the levels of awareness in the markets in which the subject purchase. The subjects of the experiments are 144 students of National Sun Yat-sen University located in Kaohsiung, Taiwan. There are 815 entries of data obtained from the subject in the experiments. Factor analysis, ANOVA, and MANOVA are used to analyze the data obtained from the experiment. The analysis findings support several propositional statements, including (1) the higher level of market awareness a brand enjoys, the higher price perception consumers acquire for it; (2) Among the difference product categories, the effect of price leverage of brand varies; (3) there is no influence from the magnitude of product knowledge which consumer obtained on the price leverage of brand.

In our country, military is becoming the frame of ¡§Consistent Authority and Responsibility¡¨ and ¡§Professional Department¡¨ due to the military downsizing trend and, besides, the situations between Taiwan and Mainland China--- As a result, we reduce the army personnel number down to 380 thousand members. The sample consisted of 368 officers & sergeant selected from the military. The data were analyzed by applying statistical methods, including factor analysis, reliability, one-way ANOVA, correlation and regression. Training transfer moderated the relationship between downsizing and job involvement, and got the important discoveries are stated separately as follows: 1. From our questioned officers & sergeant, they are not identified with the organization downsizing. National Defensive Department should take this seriously to figure ways out to lift army morale. 2. The different individual variables to downsizing consciousness, job involvement, job satisfaction and training transfer comes out a partly remarkable discrepancy. 3. Downsizing consciousness, job involvement, job satisfaction and training transfer reveals outstanding positive relation. 4. The interaction of efficiency changed consciousness and training transfer interference effect to the identification of job significance.