The contens of master thesis is theoretical analysis of vibrations during turning and possibillity to eliminate them, measure dynamic compliance and modal paramteters. The goal of experimental part is to determine the effect of material and type of clamping for three shafts at natural frequency, mode shape and dynamic compliance. Using these results we can optimized cutting parameters and to better overcome vibration during machining.

Knowledge about the dynamic behaviour is a basic condition for a secure operation of modern machine tools. Hence numerical methods predicting the dynamic properties are gaining in importance. Usually for complex and coupled structures, the results of dynamic property calculation are yet insufficient. Therefore Finite Element model updating is a tool to improve the hypothetical factor of the analysis. Within the present thesis Finite Element modelling is performed using the example of the “Scherenkinematik”, a machine tool based on hybrid-kinematics. Initially the results of an Experimental Modal Analysis are evaluated by identifying Modal parameters and deriving possible structural modifications. In the second part of the thesis, the machines Finite Element model is created using the FEA-Software ANSYS. Afterwards the Finite Element model updating is performed by coupling ANSYS and the CAE-Software FEMtools. Therefore two approaches are formulated and tracked. It turns out, that there is no improvement of the analytical and experimental models correlation, neighter with nor without a steady reduction of the search domain needed for mode coupling. It is reasoned, that the characteristics and the results of an Finite Element updating process are affected by the quality of the model at start time and the approach as well as the technique chosen for model updating and parameter modification. Therefore the CAE-Software FEMtools is suitable to only a limited extent for Finite Element updating of strongly coupled mechanical structures as a result of the sensitivity analysis used for parameter modification.

The gradual deterioration and failure of old buildings, bridges and other civil engineering structures invoked the need for Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) systems to develop a means to monitor the health of structures. Dozens of sensing, processing and monitoring mechanisms have been implemented and widely deployed with wired sensors. Wireless sensor networks (WSNs), on the other hand, are networks of large numbers of low cost wireless sensor nodes that communicate through a wireless media. The complexity nature and high cost demand of the highly used wired traditional SHM systems have posed the need for replacement with WSNs. However, the major fact that wireless sensor nodes have memory and power supply limitations has been an issue and many efficient options have been proposed to solve this problem and preserve the long life of the network. This is the reason why data processing algorithms in WSNs focus mainly on the accomplishment of efficient utilization of these scarce resources. In this thesis, we design a low-power and memory efficient data processing algorithm using in-place radix-2 integer Fast Fourier Transform (FFT). This algorithm requires inputs with integer values; hence, increases the memory efficiency by more than 40% and highly saves processor power consumption over the traditional floating-point implementation. A standard-deviation-based peak picking algorithm is next applied to measure the natural frequency of the structure. The algorithms together with Contiki, a lightweight open source operating system for networked embedded systems, are loaded on Z1 Zolertia sensor node. Analogue Device’s ADXL345 digital accelerometer on board is used to collect vibration data. The bridge model used to test the target algorithm is a simply supported beam in the lab.

No description available.

Att konstruktioner som innehållande roterande element riskerar att utsättas för resonans är något en konstruktör alltid bör ha i åtanke. Alla konstruktioner har naturliga frekvenser även kallat egenfrekvenser, naturliga rörelsemönster, vars frekvens beror på dess massa och styvhet. Resonans uppstår då dessa naturliga frekvenser ligger nära angripande krafters frekvens. Resonansfenomenet amplifierar den dynamiska lasten och ofta uppstår väldigt höga påfrestningar på konstruktionen. Denna rapport redogör för en vibrationsanalys av en fläktkonstruktion, samt ett utvecklingsarbete för att optimera denna fläkt utifrån uppsatta krav från samarbetspartnern Quant Service Sweden AB. Fläktkonstruktionen finns hos kabeltillvärkaren NKT i Karlskrona. Arbetet har utförts tillsammans med Quant Service, ansvariga för underhållet på NKT. Fläktkonstruktionen har under flera tillfällen havererat genom att motorfästets skruvförband har gett vika efter allt för stora påfrestningar. Mycket tyder på att konstruktionen utsätts för stora vibrationer, där man tror att orsaken är resonans. Detta eftersom roterande delar enligt leverantör och egna tester ska vara balanserade inom givna gränsvärden. Samarbetspartnern Quant vill nu ha en redogörelse för om de höga vibrationerna orsakas av resonans eller inte, samt hur problemet kan lösas på bästa sätt. Arbetet innehåller två olika experiment, ett impulstest med impulshammare och ett test där fläktens motor startas och körs under två minuter. Konstruktionens respons har mätts med en accelerometer och den erhållna datan har använts för att beräkna en frekvensresponsfunktion, samt ett Power Spectra Density (PSD) i Matlab. Syftet med dessa experiment var att kartlägga konstruktionens egenfrekvenser och dynamiska laster för att se om dessa ligger nära varandra, och på så vis bekräfta att resonansfenomenet orsakat de kraftiga vibrationerna. Det experimentella resultatet visar på att konstruktionen har en dynamisk last på 48,3 Hz vilket motsvarar motorns varvtal på 2900 rpm. Denna dynamiska last ligger väldigt nära en utav konstruktionens egenfrekvenser, 45 Hz, vilket stärker hypotesen om resonans. De experimentella resultaten har validerats med hjälp av en modalanalys gjord i FEM-programmet Simulation Mechanical. Det experimentella impulstestet har också simulerats i programmet. Arbetet innehåller även utveckling av tre olika typer av förstärkning av fläktkonstruktionen. Syftet var att förstärka konstruktionen för att höja dess naturliga frekvenser och på så vis undvika resonansfenomenet. De tre konstruktionerna är rankade utifrån uppsatta krav med hjälp av en konceptbedömningsmatris enligt modellen concept scooring. Modalanalyser i FEM-programmet har gjorts för samtliga tre konstruktioner för att undersöka dess egenfrekvenser. Samtliga tre konstruktioner har inga egenfrekvenser under 100 Hz. Efter arbetet har Quant möjligheten att välja en utav de tre konstruktionerna för vidare implementering. / A designer must have in mind that constructions containing rotating elements risks being subjected to resonance. All constructions have got natural frequencies, also called eigenfrequencies, natural motions, where the frequency depends on its mass and stiffness. This report describes a work consisting a vibrational analysis of a fan construction. The fan construction is located at the cable manufacture NKT in Karlskrona. The work has been performed together with Quant Service, a company responsible for the maintenance at NKT. The fan construction struggle with recurrent breakdowns where the screw joints for the engine attachment were broken after large vibrations. The problem seems to occur due to the resonance phenomena, this because the rotating elements are balanced within limits according to the supplier of the fan wheels and own test performed by Quant themselves. The partner Quant service want to know if the large vibrations occurs due to resonance. The work contains two different experiments, one impulse test with an impulse hammer, and one experiment where the fan’s engine was running and driven for 2 minutes. The construction response was sampled with an accelerometer and the obtained data was used to calculate a frequency response function, and a power spectra density (PSD) in Matlab. The aim of these experiments were to obtain a survey of the constructions natural frequencies and dynamic force to analyse if they are close to each other, and by that confirm that resonance is the causing factor. The experimental result show that the construction has got a dynamic force acting with 48,3 Hz, which corresponds to the engine speed at 2900 rpm. This dynamic force is very close to one of the constructions natural frequencies at 45 Hz. This supports the hypothesis that the problems occur due to resonance. The experimental results have been validated with a modal analysis in the FEM program Simulation Mechanical. The experimental impulse test has been simulated in the program as well. The work also consists a development of three different types of strengthening of the fan construction. The aim is to increase the natural frequencies and by that avoid the resonance phenomena. The three constructions are ranked based on the requirements set by using a concept scooring matrix. Modal analysis for each of the three new constructions were created to confirmed the increased natural frequencies. The constructions all seems to have the first natural frequencies over 100 Hz. When the work was finished Quant had the possibility to pick one of the new constructions for further implementation.

Under the direction of the Federal Highway Administration the Long Term Bridge Performance Program (LTBP) selected Minnesota Bridge number 5718 as a pilot bridge for evaluation. This program focuses on the monitoring of bridges for a 20-year period to understand the structural behavior over time due to the various loads and weathering. In monitoring this bridge a better understanding can be acquired for the maintenance issues related to the nation's deteriorating bridge infrastructure. Bridge Number 5718, which is located just outside of Sandstone Minnesota, is a steel truss bridge that spans the Kettle River. Constant monitoring of the bridge along with periodic testing of the bridge will allow for the collection of data over a 20-year period. The focus of this work is to establish a baseline for the bridges characteristics through nondestructive dynamic testing. Later tests will be compared to these results and changes can then be tracked. In order to perform the required testing, two electromagnetic shakers were used to produce the excitation. The bridge was also outfitted with an array of velocity transducers to allow for the response to be recorded. The data was then used to extract the resonant frequencies, mode shapes, and damping ratios. A modal assurance criterion was also performed to solidify the findings. These parameters define the structural identity of the bridge. Through performing these tests the database that is being collected under the Long Term Bridge Performance Program will be used to better the overall health and safety of the nation's bridges.

Dans un assemblage combustible de réacteur à neutrons rapides, les aiguilles combustibles sont insérées en faisceau dans un tube hexagonal avec des jeux de montage. Lors de situations transitoires accidentelles de type séisme ou dans des phases de transport et de manutention des assemblages, les aiguilles sont donc susceptibles de se déplacer légèrement dans le faisceau et de s’entrechoquer les unes avec les autres, plusieurs centaines de milliers de contacts auront alors lieu dans le faisceau. L’objectif de cette thèse est de développer une méthode numérique capable simuler le comportement dynamique du faisceau avec jeu, afin d’évaluer les efforts de contact pour pouvoir dimensionner mécaniquement les aiguilles combustibles pour ce type de sollicitation. Le sodium n’est pas représenté, on s’intéresse donc ici au comportement de l’assemblage en air. Le comportement dynamique de l’aiguille a été étudié expérimentalement sur un banc d’essai spécialement conçu dans le cadre de cette thèse et il sera présenté dans un premier temps. L’analyse des essais de vibration libre a permis de mettre en évidence un amortissement non-linéaire dont la phénoménologie sera détaillée. La méthode numérique choisie sera ensuite décrite et comparée à des références analytiques et expérimentales, en particulier afin de justifier des critères de choix des paramètres numériques qui ont été identifiés. Enfin, on s’intéressera à la modélisation d’un assemblage combustible complet, avec différents types de représentation et à la comparaison des résultats à des essais de chocs ce qui conclura la présentation / Understanding of phenomena taking place in a structure with multiple clearances is an industrial challenge. The fuel pellets in the SFR (Sodium-cooled Fast Reactor) prototype ASTRID are enclosed in small and long pins which form a bundle inside a hexagonal assembly. The assessment of stresses in the pins during dynamic loadings is essential for the safety studies of the project. Experimental tests on the test bed CARNAC have been conducted to understand the dynamical behavior of fuel pin with their pellets. Then a numerical model has been chosen to simulate the release of an assembly against a stop. The difficulty is to simulate the dynamical behavior of a structure with a huge number of internal contacts. Numerical method has been validated on a basic problem with a reference semi-analytical method. Simplified models of the pin bundle are created to understand dynamical phenomena of a multicontact system. Then, the whole assembly is modeled. Sub-structuring to accelerate computation and a precise contact law representative of the pin to pin contacts are used. Displacements, energy and contacts force are analyzed with or without clearance. Numerical results are confronted to a previous experiment made in the CEA and provide a very good fit. The average kinetic behavior of assembly is well approximated by a beam structure, if pins are linked. Contact forces are well assess with conservatism using simplified model of a pin row

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(工学) / 甲第21355号 / 工博第4514号 / 新制||工||1703(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院工学研究科社会基盤工学専攻 / (主査)教授 KIM Chul-Woo, 教授 杉浦 邦征, 講師 張 凱淳 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Philosophy (Engineering) / Kyoto University / DFAM

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The properties of acoustic kinetic energy density and total energy density of sound fields in lightly damped enclosures have been explored thoroughly in the literature. Their increased spatial uniformity makes them more favorable measurement quantities for various applications than acoustic potential energy density (or squared pressure), which is most often used. In this dissertation, a new acoustic energy quantity, the generalized acoustic energy density (GED), will be introduced. It is defined by introducing weighting factors, α and 1 − α, in the formulation of total acoustic energy density. With the additional degree of freedom, the GED can conform to the traditional acoustic energy density quantities, or be optimized for different applications. The properties and applications of the GED are explored in this dissertation. For enclosed sound fields, it was found that GED with α = 1/4 is spatially more uniform than the acoustic potential energy density, acoustic kinetic energy density, and the total acoustic energy density, which makes it a more favorable measurement quantity than those traditional acoustic energy density quantities for many indoor measurement applications. For some other applications, such as active noise control in diffuse field, different values of α may be considered superior. The numerical verifications in this research are mainly based on a hybrid modal expansion developed for this work, which combines the free field Green's function and a modal expansion. The enclosed sound field is separated into the direct field and reverberant field, which have been treated together in traditional modal analysis. Studies on a point source in rectangular enclosures show that the hybrid modal expansion converges notably faster than the traditional modal expansions, especially in the region near the source, and introduces much smaller errors with a limited number of modes. The hybrid modal expansion can be easily applied to complex sound sources if the free field responses of the sources are known. Damped boundaries are also considered in this dissertation, and a set of modified modal functions is introduced, which is shown to be suitable for many damped boundary conditions.