O projeto de estruturas e máquinas deve considerar as restrições impostas pelas condições de contorno. Tais condições podem ser de natureza dinâmica, limitando assim as faixas de frequência às quais a estrutura ou máquina pode operar. Dentre as diferentes ferramentas disponíveis para trabalhar com restrições dinâmicas, a otimização de forma se mostra como uma interessante alternativa para afastar as frequências naturais das faixas problemáticas. Um modelo de elementos finitos de malha de 4x5 elementos é correlacionado com os resultados de uma análise modal experimental, e a otimização é realizada utilizando-se o software Nastran. Após usinar a placa com a espessura otimizada, boa concordância é atingida entre os resultados experimentais e os previstos numericamente. Apesar dos bons resultados, obter a placa com 4x5 elementos, cada qual com sua espessura, foi difícil por conta das dimensões envolvidas. É mais apropriado fabricar uma superfície contínua na placa com uma geometria conhecida. Para isso, modelos com malhas mais finas são necessários no procedimento de otimização, e tal quantidade de variáveis nem sempre converge a uma solução. De fato, um modelo com 48x60 elementos para a placa estudada não convergiu a uma solução para as mesmas frequências desejadas. A contribuição principal deste trabalho é mostrar que uma interpolação (linear ou cúbica) dos resultados de uma otimização de forma de malha grossa leva à solução do problema de otimização de uma malha mais refinada. Em outras palavras, é possível obter uma geometria de superfície contínua que otimiza frequências naturais em placas a partir de modelos de elementos finitos de malha mais grossa, sendo assim desnecessários modelos de malhas muito refinadas e altos custos computacionais. / The design of structures and machines must consider the restrictions imposed by the boundary conditions. Such conditions can be of dynamic nature, thus limiting the frequency ranges that the structure/machine can operate. Among the different design tools available for dealing with dynamics restrictions, shape optimization is an interesting way of deviating natural frequencies from problematic ranges. In this work, one presents the shape optimization of a cantilever plate aiming at desired natural frequencies. A 4x5 elements grid finite element model is correlated to results from experimental modal analysis, and the optimization is done with help of Nastran software. After machining the plate with optimized thickness, good agreement is achieved between experimental and numerically predicted results. Despite successful results, machining the plate in 4x5 discrete elements with individual (stepped) thickness showed to be cumbersome. It is more appropriated to machine a smooth surface on the plate with known geometry. For that, finer grid element models are necessary in the optimization procedure, and such amount of design variables not always converge to a solution. In fact, a model with 48x60 elements for the plate in study did not converge to a solution for the same target frequencies. The main contribution of this work is showing that an interpolation (linear or cubic) of the coarser grid shape optimization results leads to the solution of a finer grid optimization problem. In other words, it is possible to obtain the smooth surface geometry that optimizes natural frequencies in plates from coarser grid finite element models, thus not requiring fine grid models and high computational costs.

[pt] O método híbrido dos elementos finitos, proposto por Pian com base no potencial de Hellinger-Reissner, estabeleceu um novo paradigma entre as formulações de discretização numérica de um problema de elasticidade. Uma proposta feita por Przemieniecki – para a análise generalizada de vibração livre de elementos de treliça e de viga – foi incorporada por Dumont aos métodos híbridos dos elementos finitos e de contorno e generalizada ainda mais para a análise de problemas dependentes do tempo em termos de um procedimento de superposição modal avançado, que se baseia na resolução de um problema não linear de autovalores e que permite levar em conta de maneira adequada condições iniciais gerais de contorno, assim como ações de domínio. O presente trabalho apresenta as principais características do desenvolvimento feito por Dumont para aplicação específica a estruturas aporticadas e investiga diversos exemplos disponíveis na literatura de dinâmica estrutural clássica para mostrar que muitos resultados apresentados são bastante imprecisos pela falta de um cuidadoso estudo de convergência. / [en] The hybrid finite element method, proposed by Pian on the basis of the Hellinger-Reissner potential, has proved itself a conceptual breakthrough among the discretization formulations. A proposition made by Przemieniecki – for the generalized free vibration analysis of truss and beam elements – was incorporated into the hybrid finite/boundary element method developed by Dumont and extended to the analysis of time-dependent problems by making use of an advanced mode superposition procedure that is based on a nonlinear eigenvalue analysis and adequately takes into account general initial conditions as well as general body actions. This work presents all the features of the formulation as applied to frame structures and assesses several examples available in the technical literature to show that remarkable improvements may be achieved – and actually should be taken into account – with the proposed formulation when compared to the classical structural dynamics.

The aim of this thesis is examination and verification of numeric model for solving acoustics and vibration problems. Specifically, we are speaking about cast iron plate machined from gearbox. Main objectives of this work is set of experimental and numerical analysis at this simplified part with follow-up numerical model, where same analyses examining not only structure, but especially acoustic space around were performed. Due to this we were able to compare data between experimental and numerical analyses and to be able to prove or disprove functionality and limitation of numerical model.

Damping and natural frequency of a vibrating body or a system is not easy to estimate during the design phase of~project. If the body is submerged in water, estimating becomes even more complicated. This~work focuses on experimental determination of the liquid influence on an oscillating body. The~presented modal analysis was executed on two bodies when being surrounded by air, but~also when gradually and fully submerged in water using two reservoirs with different dimensions. The collected data was analyzed with a suggested hybrid method, which determined the damping ratio and the natural frequency. Added mass was calculated employing the Ansys software. Part of the presented work focuses on the selection of a suitable time window for the Fourier transform.

The level of noise and vibration of gearboxes is one of the most important parameters for today´s customers. This thesis deals with mathematical acoustic behavior modelling and its contribution to the gearbox design using finite element method. The process is presented at three computations models. Two of those were validated with experimental measurement. Acoustic analysis were performed with software FFT ACTRAN.

Immersion of the body into the fluid creates additional effects which must be considered when designing the machines. Additional effects from the fluid influence the dynamic properties of the body. In this work the decrease of the natural frequency and the increase of the damping ratio during the gradual immersion of the body into the fluid are investigated. Diploma thesis is based on an experiment, which is performed on a series of flat strip steel components of various widths. The first three bending and first three torsion shapes of the free-hanging body are examined. Emphasis is placed on the influence of part width. In the next phase of the experiment, the influence of the proximity of the solid wall to the dynamic properties of the cantilever beam is examined. Further, the determination of the added density from the fluid is performed by modal analysis using the ANSYS software.

This thesis deals with the possibility of using the residual shape with help of the structural analysis software SCIA Engineer in the calculation of seismic load. Residual shape will be used in combination with CQC and SRSS calculation method, including different numbers of own shapes and the oscillated mass. In the last step, the results will be compared with each other.

No description available.

Master´s thesis deals with dynamic analysis of steel tank with liquid. There are given parametres of structure and thein introduction to ANSYS system. There are created three numerical models for comparison, which are static and modal analysis calculated for. Spectrum analysis is calculated only for numerical models with fluid elements. Shell elements are evaluated according to EC 3.

The modal and spectral characteristic belongs among important human acoustic spaces of vocal tract. They occur at generating vowels and other acoustic aspects of human speech. We can observe the resonant phenomena of acoustic cavity of vocal tract in the human speech spectrum, primary however at vowels generation. However near vocal tract occurs series of frequency tops in the spectrum of vowels, which necessarily may not be resonant origin. That is why sometimes quite difficult assign is right frequency tops to resonant tops of acoustic cavity. It consist in operate of acoustic excitation of vocal tracts. The pronounced of vowels loudly and in a whisper has different excitation of vocal tract. At generating vowels loudly is excited by scheme of harmonic components outspread to fundamental frequency of glottis. At talking in a whisper is vocal tract excited by continuous spectrum generated by turbulent fluxion of exhaled flatus over glottis. We give a name "formant" to a frequency, at which happens to resonance of acoustic space. Aim of this work is analysis of Czech vowels formants generated loudly and in a whisper. Experimental metering of these formants was performed on human vocalic tract for all vowels. Further then on artificially created vocalic tracts for vowels A, I. Then were modal characteristics of vocal cavity for vowels A, I, tested by method of final elements with the help of computing program ANSYS. In this work were surveyed courses of acoustic pressures for individual formants, influence sizes vocal tract and influence of correct mouth opening on formants. Also has been effected computational simulation of harmonic excitation on tract by side of glottis.