In angle-only target tracking the aim is to estimate the state of a target with use of measurement of elevation and azimuth. The state consists of relative position and velocity between the target and the platform. The platform is an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) and the tracking system is meant to be a part of the platform’s anti-collision system. In the case where both the target and the platform travel with constant velocity the angle measurements do not provide any information of the range between the target and the platform. The platform has to maneuver to be able to estimate the range to the target. Two filters are implemented and tested on simulated data. The first filter is based on a Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) and is designed for tracking nonmaneuvering targets. Different platform maneuvers are studied and the influence of initial errors and the geometry of the simulation scenario is investigated. The filter is able to estimate the position of the target if the platform maneuvers and the target travels with constant velocity. Maneuvering targets on the other hand can not be tracked by the filter. The second filter is an interacting multiple model (IMM) filter, designed for tracking maneuvering targets. The filter performance is highly dependent of the geometry of the scenario. The filter has been tuned for a scenario where the target approaches the platform from the front. In this scenario the filter is able to track both maneuvering and non-maneuvering targets. If the target approaches the platform from the side on the other hand, the filter has problems with distinguish target maneuvers from measurement noise.

Previous research has shown that simultaneous auditory identification of the target in a visual search task can lead to more efficient (i. e. ?flatter?) search functions (Spivey et al. , 2001). Experiment 1 replicates the paradigm of Spivey et al. , providing subjects with auditory identification of the search target either before (<em>Consecutive</em> condition) or simultaneously with (<em>Concurrent</em> condition) the onset of the search task. RT x Set Size slopes in the <em>Concurrent</em> condition are approximately 1/2 as steep as those in the <em>Consecutive</em> condition. Experiment 2 employs a distractor ratio manipulation to test the notion that subjects are using the simultaneous auditory target identification to ?parse? the search set by colour, thus reducing the search set by 1/2. The results of Experiment 2 do not support the notion that subjects are parsing the search set by colour. Experiment 3 addresses the same question as Experiment 2, but obtains the desired distractor ratios by holding the amount of relevantly-coloured items constant while letting overall set size vary. Unlike Experiment 2, Experiment 3 supports the interpretation that subjects are using the auditory target identification to parse the search set.

At the Los Alamos Neutron Science Center accelerator complex, protons are accelerated to 800 MeV and directed to two tungsten targets, Target 4 at the Weapons Neutron Research facility and the 1L target at the Lujan Center. The Department of Energy requires hazard classification analyses to be performed on these targets and places limits on certain radionuclide inventories in the targets to avoid characterizing the facilities as nuclear facilities. Gadolinium-148 is a radionuclide created from the spallation of tungsten. Allowed isotopic inventories are particularly low for this isotope because it is an alpha-particle emitter with a 75-year half-life. The activity level of Gadolinium-148 is low, but it encompasses almost two-thirds of the total dose burden for the two tungsten targets based on present yield estimates. From a hazard classification standpoint, this severely limits the lifetime of these tungsten targets. The cross section is not well-established experimentally and this is the motivation for measuring the Gadolinium-148 production cross section from tungsten. In a series of experiments at the Weapons Neutron Research facility, Gadolinium-148 production was measured for 600- and 800-MeV protons on tungsten, tantalum, and gold. These experiments used 3 m thin tungsten, tantalum, and gold foils and 10 m thin aluminum activation foils. In addition, spallation yields were determined for many short-lived and long-lived spallation products with these foils using gamma and alpha spectroscopy and compared with predictions of the Los Alamos National Laboratory codes CEM2k+GEM2 and MCNPX. The cumulative Gadolinium-148 production cross section measured from tantalum, tungsten, and gold for incident 600-MeV protons were 15.24.0, 8.310.92, and 0.5910.155, respectively. The average production cross sections measured at 800 MeV were 28.63.5, 19.41.8, and 3.690.50 for tantalum, tungsten, and gold, respectively. These cumulative measurements compared best with Bertini and were within a factor of two to three of CEM2k+GEM2.

Multiple Hypothesis Tracking (MHT) is generally the preferred data association technique for tracking targets in clutter and with missed detections due to its increased accuracy over conventional single-scan techniques such as Nearest Neighbor (NN) and Probabilistic Data Association (PDA). However, this improved accuracy comes at the price of greater complexity. Sequential K-best MHT is a simple implementation of MHT that attempts to achieve the accuracy of multiple hypothesis tracking with some of the simplicity of single-frame methods. Our first major objective is to determine under what general conditions Sequential K-best data association is preferable to Probabilistic Data Association. Both methods are implemented for a single-target, single-sensor scenario in two spatial dimensions. Using the track loss ratio as our primary performance metric, we compare the two methods under varying false alarm densities and missed-detection probabilities. Upon implementing a single-target Sequential K-best MHT tracker, a fundamental problem was observed in which the tracks coalesce. The second major thrust of this research is to compare different approaches to resolve this issue. Several methods to detect track coalescence, mostly based on the Mahalanobis and Kullback-Leibler distances, are presented and compared.

The objective of the work described was to identify and explore a paradigm shifting solution that could offer leap-ahead capabilities to counter current and future DBHT threats while mitigating or eliminating the self-deterrence issue. A multidisciplinary approach to the problem was formulated and implemented. Systematic evaluation of DHBT defeat alternatives lead to the selection of a thermal subterrene as a hypothetical means of providing such a capability. A number of possible implementation alternatives for a thermal subterrene were investigated, resulting in the identification of the RadioIsotope Powered Thermal Penetrator (RIPTP) concept for providing an effectively unlimited, self-contained hard rock penetration capability using near-term technologies. However, the proposed approach was novel and thus required formulation and application of a physics based multidisciplinary analysis code to enable evaluation of design alternatives and analysis of performance. The following disciplinary analyses were composed into a multidisciplinary analysis code for a RIPTP: packing of RIPTP components in available volume; close-contact melting analysis; transmutation of isotope species by neutron activation; reactor neutron economy; radioisotope power generation through decay; metamodelled radiation shielding calculations for a RIPTP; and steady state thermal analyses for a RIPTP in various scenarios. Performance analysis of the identified baseline Thulium-170 RIPTP suggested that the predicted low penetration rate of about 10 meters/day could be a significant negative factor with regards to possible viability of the concept. Consequently, a survey for potentially enabling technologies was performed using an adaptation of the Technology Impact Forecasting (TIF) approach. It was found that the greatest potential for improving performance of the baseline Thulium-170 RIPTP resulted from increasing overall power density of the penetrator. Several possible technology approaches to achieving significantly increased penetration rates are proposed.

Abstract The competition for liquor companies in Taiwan is getting fierce due to limited market size and tardy economic growth. The situation is more obvious after Taiwan joined WTO and many famous foreign liquor brands entered this market. The impact is especially strong for Chinese Spirits because many liquor consumers take a shot at these new entrants or even change their habits. Kinmen Kaoliang Liquor Inc. now faces domestic competitors such as Yusan Kaoliang of Taiwan Tabacco and Liquor Coporation and other brands as well as the growing portion of consumers shifting to bear or wine. In order to operate in China and seek further revenue growth, Kinmen Kaoliang Liquor Inc. established a child company in Xiamen in 2004. However, it is shown that there¡¦s much room for further effort if the company wants to perform well in China. This research adopts exploratory research method and collects relevant data from various sources. Through sorting, estimating, evaluating, and reasoning of the data, this research provides workable strategies for Kinmen Kaoliang Liquor Inc. for further development. Keyword¡Gwhite wine, Kinmen Kaoliang Liquor, Marketing Strategy, target market

Abstract Taiwan is a potential area for selling super sport cars. In 2008, the year of financial crisis, the volume of sales in Taiwan is not only didn¡¦t descend but also rose 20~30%, even present multiple growth. It shows that the purchasing power of Taiwanese rich is astonishing, besides it can also be attributed to many brands which establish sole agent in Taiwan for the last few years, the sale and the after-sales service would be a guarantee to Taiwanese customers, so that it attract many potential consumers appear and purchase. This research focus on comparing the differences of sales strategy of the two super sport cars brands- Ferrari and Bentley in Taiwan. The product price of these two brands is over NT ten millions dollars, but their brand images are different, so their target market and sale strategies are different, either. The goal of this research is that comparing the target markets and sale combination to know these two brands how to operate and plan their sale strategy. The research analysis shows that their sales strategies are similar (especially pricing strategy, channel strategy), except for the promotion strategies, that is because of their different brand images. Key words: Ferrari, Bentley, sale strategy, target market, sale combination.

This study explores the applicability of the top-down target costing (TC) method in the Taiwan real estate development industry by considering one new element ¡V creating buyer¡¦s perceived product value. The top-down method determines the target costs by subtracting target profit from less controllable sales price. It has been extensively studied in the context of assembly manufacturing industries. On the other hand, the real estate developers produce more heterogeneous products in monopolistically competitive market conditions. In order to adapt to this different user group, TC as an accounting and strategic management tool is expected to have unique characteristics once adopted in the real estate development industry. This study adopts a descriptive research design. By presenting evidences gathered from six real estate development firms it sheds lights on how the creation of buyer¡¦s perceived product value can be embedded into the target costing mechanism. By examining nine propositions, the study confirms the modified TC model is effective in stabilizing profits due to its focus on creating buyer¡¦s perceived product value. The contributing factors include the ability to charge premium prices as well as effective cost reductions. The findings revealed three unique characteristics of real estate development industry which may influence the adoption of TC model. Firstly, due to stronger bargaining power of the buyers and land owners as well as low entry barriers, the users of TC framework strive towards providing added product value higher than the product price in order to sustainably charge premium prices. It supplements the traditional accounting and strategic management literature in which expected profit margins were primarily achieved by managing costs. The study also reveals that the TC framework is more compatible with the differentiator and confrontational marketing strategies in real estate development industry. Secondly, the modified TC framework may better facilitate firms¡¦ profitability objectives especially during economic recessions. Thirdly, TC is more applicable at preliminary stages of product planning e.g. land investigation, but is less effective for component- level cost management due to certain market and operational limitations. Given the different needs of the property developers, the adaptation of the top-down target costing model in Taiwan real estate development industry is characterized by emphasizing on the creation of the buyer¡¦s perceived product value, as opposed to a pure cost focus in previous target costing literatures.

The Automobile parts and accessories manufacturing industry in Taiwan is facing that, the whole industry development moves to mature period, the competing and managing mold of the manufacturers differ much from the past, the competition from globalizing markets, and the world factory, China, rises, so the enterprises would face more variables and challenges. Therefore, it¡¦s important to deeply probe into how to improve managing effects by innovative transformative strategy. For the inner of enterprises, it must think about what the main surviving core competitiveness is to adjust to the active competitive ability. And the key for enterprises to sustainable development is continuous creativity. Creativeness has become the necessity for structure development. The structure of automobile parts and accessories industry in Taiwan is transforming. In the recent years, it¡¦s developed gradually toward the concentrated industry of technology, knowledge, and capital. Therefore, it¡¦s important day by day for Taiwan enterprises that not only investing in more budgets on R&D and personnel trainings, but also establishing the managing and technology strategy. This research probes into how to submit the strategy of enterprise transforming, and strengthen the self-competitiveness, to establish the competitive advantage under active competitive managing environment, and adjusting to the benefits and threats of ¡§the globalization of domestic markets; the localization of global markets.¡¨

As the deregulation of the mobile number portability (MNP) and the emergence of such new technologies and services as PHS and 3G, the mobile telecommunications industry in Taiwan becomes highly competitive than ever. Under such competition, customer churning and profit declining have become of great concerns to mobile service providers. In response, most of providers continuously develop and introduce new value-added products and services. Frequent value-add products and services might strengthen customers¡¦ loyalty (i.e., decrease customer churning) and improve gross profits, but the corresponding marketing cost would also be increased dramatically. To lower the marketing cost and respond to market quickly, marketing staff typically adopts a pilot test based on the simple random sampling (SRS) approach or relies on marketing experts for defining potential target market for a new value-add product or service. The former approach requires a large number of respondents in the pilot test, while the latter is knowledge intensive and may suffer from unavailability of knowledge due to turnover of experienced marketing experts. In this thesis, we propose a novel approach for efficient and effective search for the target market for a new product/service. Specifically, we consider the target market of a new product or service being that of the most similar existing product/service, where the similarity of products/services can be defined based on either their product/service attributes or the similarity between the pilot test of the new product/service and the customer-base of an existing product/service. Accordingly, we propose two target market prediction models for new product/service, i.e., ¡§customer-based target market prediction model¡¨ and ¡§product-attribute-based target market prediction model.¡¨ Our empirical results show that the proposed prediction models are more effective in predicting potential customers for new products/services than traditional approaches.