Religious fundamentalism is a confusing and not well understood phenomenon in present day Western societies. In order to obtain fresh insights into what social forces and conditions affect religious organizational development such that they become fundamentalist organizations, this study seeks to analyze a religious group that historically has been mandated to integrate and utilize alternative scientific and/or religious knowledge into their canon of teachings. A triangulation study consisting of a content analysis of its accepted history and a discourse analysis of its accredited membership are utilized to gather data on this religious organization to understand the historical, organizational, and external social circumstances that have allowed this religious community to engage and interact with alternative scientific and/or religious knowledge without interpretations of conflict becoming a source of social strife within their organization.

Background: It has been shown that people travel much more nowadays than ever before. Since the Internet and the e-commerce have been developed the ability to book trips online has been enabled. There are now two dominant ways of buying trips, online or offline. The survival of traditional travel agencies has been questioned and some thinks that there will be no need for them in the future. Therefore it would be interesting to see who books trips at traditional and online travel agencies.  Purpose: The purpose with this study is to understand which segments that are purchasing travels at traditional travel agencies and online travel agencies by examine demographic, psychographic and behaviouristic segmentation in the region of Jönköping. Further, in the region of Jönköping, examine advantages and disadvantages of buying trips at an online versus offline travel agency.  Method: In order to fulfil the purpose and answer the research questions the authors will use a quantitative method. The quantitative data will be gathered through a questionnaire after pilot studies have been conducted. SPSS 19.0 will be used in order to analyse the data from the questionnaires.  Conclusion: The segment of traditional travel agencies is older people with high income while the segment of online travel agencies is younger people with lower income. Advantages of traditional travel agencies are their ability to provide service, customize a trip and give expert advice. Online travel agencies have its availability, price comparison service and comfortable way to buying trips as their advantages

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Purpose The purpose of this study is to investigate whether a combination of product placement and traditional advertising can enhance the company's marketing. We perform this study because we believe that the consumers consider traditional marketing in many cases obsolete. Theory The study’s theory consists of topics and terms of product placement, traditional marketing, branding and communications. Theories used in this study were the basis to answer the study's research question using empirical data gathered during the study. Method The study has a deductive approach with a qualitative focus, therefore, the study is based on existing research, which was later to use for the data extracted from the interviews. The approach is going to show differences and similarities between how it looks in reality versus theory. Conclusion The results of this study show that product placement can increase the efficiency of traditional marketing. The combination enables the brand to easily be recognizable by the companies target and the type of person the company wants to be associated with. The combination of the two marketing methods shows a tendency to promote business and economic efficiency in marketing.

This paper summaries the institutional change of traditional institutionalism and new institutionalism, and discuss North¡¦s books: 1981, Structure and Change in Economic History¡B1990, Institutions, Institutional Change and Economic Performance¡B2005, Understanding the Process of Economic Change, figuring out the idea of north¡¦s institutional change? And how does his study influence new institutionalism of politics? Finally, I¡¦ll compare the institutional perspective of North, traditional institutionalism and new institutionalism. This paper researched by historical document analysis and comparative analysis. Studying North¡¦s institutional research in different period to outline his institutional perspective, especially in his late period. North focused on mental model of human being in his latest book, that¡¦s a rare way to research institutional change. By this paper, I hope to outline whole North¡¦s perspective of institutional change, and do a good comparison of North, traditional institutionalism and new institutionalism.

The Study of Relationship among bullying beha-viors, Emotion Management and parent-child rela-tionship of the Adolescents Abstract The aim of this study is to investigate the traditional bullying and cyberbullying phenomenon of adolescents in Kaohsiung. This study looks forward to understanding the frequencies of bullying, type of neglect, and the correlation among bullying, par-ent-child relationship and emotion management. The data was collected by means of questionnaires, and the participants were public and private senior high schools and vocational high schools students, junior high school students and high grade elenentary school students. The measurement applied in this study included Parent-child Relation-ship Scale, Emotion Management Scale and Bullying behavior Scale . There were 848 questionnaires given out and 837, effective ones returned. The effective received rate is 98%. They were analyzed by describe statistics, Independent-Sample t-test, One Way Anova, and Pearson Product -moment Correlation. The results of the study are listed as follow: 1. At present, 20% to 30% of the Adolescents who had been bullied or seeing the bully-ing incident in school bullying, and 10% to 20% of the students have ever suf-fered cyberbullying. 2. For the part of school bullying in the Adolescents, boys are more likely to become perpetrators, victims and bystanders than girls and junior high schools than the elemen-tary and high schools. 3. The higher frequency of Internet surfing and more time spend in Internet are more likely to become perpetrators, victims and bystanders. 4. For the part of school bullying in the Adolescents , living with mother are more likely to become perpetrators, victims and bystanders than living with their parents. 5. The higher parent-child relationship could help reduce to become perpetrators, victims, and the Adolescents who obtained more higher Emotion Management would had higher bystanders¡¦ experiences.

Within a highly competitive business environment of globalization, Taiwan's traditional manufacturing OEM based mode of operation is gradually coming under threat. With the convenience and rapid spread of information, the cost of the manufacturing sector is gradually transparent. As a result, distributors and brands continue to review the cost and using price comparison to get the low cost products. Lead to domestic manufactures¡¦ price competition in order to gain the business. Except the profits has been reduced and the trend of diversified products. The manufacturers had to give way to foreign buyers, a highly customized products is sold for affordable, not only have to increase production costs, must also be a compromise in low profit environment. Therefore, aim for running own brand business is one of options of way out; Own brand business is popular now. Running own brand business is becoming increasingly important; many manufacturers attempt to get rid of the OEM image and replace it with the brand strategy planning and execution of the mode. How to develop a global branding has become the focus of one of many Taiwanese business objectives. Therefore, this dissertation will see Company X as a case study, to discuss the own brand strategy planning and execution of the traditional industries. In this dissertation, brand definition as the start then using five forces analysis and competitive analysis to identify the so-called competitive advantage and core competencies, and then to develop the own brand strategy. The results of this study will be able to reference and basis for future implementation of own brand in company X.

More than 90% of enterprises in Taiwan are small and medium enterprises. These flexible and efficient forces are one of the important foundations for economic development in Taiwan. How large is the number? Based on the data of ¡§The White book of Small and Medium Enterprises in Year 2011¡¨ from Ministry of Economic Affairs, the number is over one million and two hundred thousand! However; taking on strong competition in emerging markets and enterprise globalization, the small and medium enterprises in Taiwan face many challenges. For large enterprises and electronic industry, implement ERP to manage enterprise resources efficiently to respond to immediate changes is the core of enterprise information technology. With limited budget on information systems and specialties from small and medium enterprises, how should they implement ERP? How could they successfully implement ERP? Should they have change management when implementing ERP? Do they have the same key factors as ERP implementation in the large enterprises? Whether there is any particular attention they should pay on? This study conducted multiple case interviews using semi-structures on the objects of ERP-implemented small and medium enterprises to explore the derivation of the processes of each case, what problems and difficulties have they encountered? How to overcome the problems? By the case corporate practical experiences to assess the key factors of successful implementation, coping with the processes and problems of the implementation derivation, we expected to propose the improvement of core enterprise competition and success rate to the traditional small and medium enterprises that will implement ERP in the future. Keywords: Enterprise Resource Planning, KSF, Traditional Industries, Small and Medium Enterprises, BPR

A growing number of traditional school boards and city mayors are looking for the next generation of school superintendents to come prepared with a variety of professional backgrounds to provide instructional leadership for school districts. The primary purpose of this qualitative study was to examine and describe the experiences, of five urban non-traditional superintendents. Associated research methods, namely interviews with study participants and the identification of major themes emerging from the data, were employed. Six emergent themes were revealed, including change agent, accountability, political connection/clout, school reform, student achievement and excellent leadership. Profiles of the participants were offered to provide a context for the results of this study. In relation to the major themes, these participants believed that their backgrounds in corporate worlds and other professions uniquely prepared them for the increased challenges of today’s school superintendency. They all indicated that they assumed the helms in their respective school systems for altruistic reasons. However, once on the job, the participants noted that they suffered personally and professionally. They found themselves victims of little respect from the community, media and from their own governing bodies. In terms of preparation for the job, the non-traditional superintendents practiced self-study through reading leadership and journal articles and by attending conferences. The participants also experienced different challenges in gaining certification for the superintendency due to disparate state regulations governing licensure. Several recommendations resulted from the findings of this study. Since academic performance is the primary indicator of success or failure in education today, future researchers in this area might consider a quantitative analysis of student achievement in districts led by non-traditional superintendents compared to academic performance in those systems led by their traditional counterparts. In addition, it is suggested that these participants’ views on superintendent preparation and certification and on governance issues may be considered by school districts, state and federal agencies and by universities as they develop future policy and programs. Other recommendations addressed the need to study female non-traditional superintendent governance and non-traditional leaders in smaller school districts as it relates to these issues.

The traditional manufacturing industry in Taiwan in these few years have been severely challenged by the changing business environment. Under the public opinions that how the traditional industry gets rid of the fate of becoming the declining industry, there are still some companies achieving their success implicitly. To accompany with human resource practices, they create unique competitive advantages and values to overcome the threat by the economic depression and globalization competitiveness. A case study method is used in this thesis. Ten companies in traditional manufacturing industry with superior organizational performance and histories of transformation or related actions for business growth are targeted to explore how the traditional manufacturing industry strengthens or develops different human resource abilities according to different transformation strategies while facing different evolutional opportunities. In this thesis, internal fit of universalistic perspective and external fit of contingent perspective are used to investigate the internal mutual fitness among the human resource practices within the organization respectively. A set of core human resource practices which fit the characteristics of traditional manufacturing industry in Taiwan will be proposed as the core of integrated human resource practices. In addition, from the point of external fit, this thesis also explores the fitness of human resource practices and organizational strategies. To the companies with different transformation strategies, including changing strategic frame, investing resources, changing processes, and solidifying relationships, appropriate human resource practices should also be addressed to strengthen and develop the correspondent dynamic human resource abilities as needed. Therefore, the following propositions are proposed in terms of the inductive inference of interviewing with the ten cases and reviewing the related literature extensively. Propositions 1: The core human resource practices for traditional manufacturing industry in Taiwan are: Focus on employees¡¦ steadiness, hard-working spirits, and employee disciplines while recruiting, high wages, extensive benefits, incentives with cash payment, behavior-oriented and results-oriented performance appraisal, on-the-job training and skill development, promotion from within, harmonious employer-employee relationship, and long-term job security. The more the organization implements those practices, the more the organization could attain competitive advantages and receive superior organizational performance. Propositions 2: In accordance with different transformation and growth anchors, the human resource practices are also different. There are four anchors of transformation strategies including strategic frames, resources, processes, and relationships. Proposition 3: In terms of reengineering strategic frames as the transformation strategy, the organization should emphasize innovative ability while implementing human resource practices. To reverse employees¡¦ value by hard-culture reengineering, the organization could receive knowledge and ability which is different from the one supporting the old strategic frames. Proposition 4: In terms of investing resources as the transformation strategy, the organization should emphasize intensive ability while implementing human resource practices. To intensify and retain the original core techniques, the organization could upgrade the core techniques to the advanced level in order to expand the potential markets. Proposition 5: In terms of changing processes as the transformation strategy, the organization should emphasize participative ability while implementing human resource practices. The organization could accentuate operation efficiency in order to attain the main purposes of reducing cost and improve quality. Proposition 6: In terms of solidifying relationships as the transformation strategy, the organization should emphasize service ability while implementing human resource practices. The organization could draw on the strength of each to offset the weakness of the other among the stakeholders in order to develop competitive advantages.