Digitized by Kansas Correctional Industries

Digitized by Kansas Correctional Industries

Digitized by Kansas Correctional Industries

Digitized by Kansas Correctional Industries

Typescript (photocopy). / Digitized by Kansas Correctional Industries

O estudo foi realizado na Área de Proteção Ambiental da Serra dos Pireneus, região de ecoturismo emergente, no Estado de Goiás, adotando como marcos referenciais os conceitos de sistemas ambientais complexos e de desenvolvimento sustentável da Agenda 21. Duas abordagens foram utilizadas: a) análise de dados sobre o agravamento da situação de resíduos sólidos no contexto da região onde se insere a área, compreendendo aspectos históricos, econômicos, sociais, culturais e de saúde, relacionados à expansão do turismo e b) enquete com os gestores responsáveis por empreendimentos turísticos do município de Pirenópolis, envolvendo sua lide com os resíduos sólidos, sua apreensão sobre o tema e sua concordância em participar de um programa de coleta seletiva. Constatou-se inicialmente que há extrema fragilidade dos ecossistemas da região em decorrência dos fatores inter-relacionados de adensamento populacional, atividades de extração mineral, pecuária, agricultura extensiva e turismo. Constatou-se igualmente que esta última atividade apresentou aspectos contraditórios ao envolver riscos e ao trazer, concomitantemente, novas perspectivas para o desenvolvimento das comunidades e para a preservação do meio ambiente. constatou-se finalmente que é significativa a geração sazonal de resíduos sólidos derivados da atividade turística no município; que há iniciativas de reaproveitamento desses resíduos pelos empreendimentos de turismo, com base na herança cultural rural de baixo consumo e baixo desperdício; que há, entre os gestores dos empreendimentos turísticos, a preocupação com o impacto dos resíduos sólidos no meio ambiente e que há interesse da maioria dos gestores em aderir a um programa de coleta seletiva. Concluiu-se que um amplo e abrangente processo educativo é necessário para mobilizar as pessoas e para integrar ações por meio de uma dinâmica participativa, concebida como núcleo central de implementação do gerenciamento integrado dos resíduos sólidos na região / The study was undertaken in the environmental protected area of Serra dos Pireneus, region of emergent ecotourism in the State of Goiás, adopting the concept of Environmental Complex Systems and the concept of Sustainable Development defined by the Agenda 21 as theoretical references. Two approaches were defined: a) analysis of secondary data on the worsening of the solid wastes situation in the whole region of the selected area, including historical, economic, social, cultural, and health aspects, related to the expansion of tourism and b) survey comprising touristic enterprise owners and managers in the municipality of Pirenópolis, on their struggle with solid waste disposal, their comprehension of the subject and their agreement in collaborating with a solid waste selective collecting program. Initially we realised an extreme fragility of the region\'s ecosystems due to facts related to increased population, mineral extraction activities, cattle breeding, extensive agriculture and tourism. Tourism in the region is seen as a paradox, since it shows an aggravation of the pre-existing situation and, at the same time, brings new perspectives for community development and conservation of environment resources. Finally, the survey results demonstrated that: there is a significant and irregular generation of solid waste due to touristic activity in the area; there are local initiatives of reutilization of solid waste by the touristic enterprises, based on rural cultural background that stimulates low consumption and loss; there is a concern among the managers regarding the environmental impact of solid waste and, finally, the majority of the managers want to join a solid waste selective collecting program. In conclusion, a wide educational process is needed to motivate people and to integrate actions by means of a participatory planning, as a central part of an integrated solid waste management program for the region

Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-10T17:37:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Carla Aparecida Reolon.pdf: 542288 bytes, checksum: 9ef5bb3edbbbfd07e8195d054c9aa584 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-08-29 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The fruit juice industry uses around 30% of the total mass of fruits that are processed and the rest is regarded as industrial waste. This waste can be used for human consumption aiming to use for other purposes. Thus, this work was aimed at: 1 - To evaluate the effect of maturity stage of the yellow passion fruit on the physical, chemical and mineral characteristics of their shell, 2 - To evaluate the effect of storage of the yellow passion fruit shell on their physico-chemical and minerals characteristics, 3 - development and evaluation of sensory acceptability of the candy syrup of the yellow passion fruit shell, with the addition of its juice. It was used to completely randomized design with four repetitions for the treatment of stages of maturation and five repetitions for the treatment of storage. Were evaluated the contents of ash, pectin, total and reducing sugar, protein, fat, dry mater and loss of weight. The evaluates minerals parameters were: calcium, copper, iron, manganese, potassium, magnesium, zinc, phosphorus. Color analysis for the treatment of shell storage was held.The acceptance analysis was based on the study of aroma, flavour, overall impression and purchase intent using structured scales and participation of 50 judges not trained. Each judge received a questionnaire containing hedônica structured scale of nine points covering answers ranging from ''1 - most disliked " at ''9 - liked very much''. In purchase intent analysis to was used structured three-point scale, with "1 - certainly not buy" and "3 - certainly buy". Throughout the study was used completely randomized design. The results were submitted to the analysis of variance and the significant effects was applied to the Tukey test and the regression analyses. The advance of maturity resulted in the reduction of the contents of protein, reducing sugar, total pectin and ash, showing that the best use of the shell, to use Phitoterapic, occurs when the fruit is a green stadium, where the pectin content is higher. The low lipids content of the shell indicates a final product of low calorie, when used as phitoterapic and when consumed in full form. There was no effect of maturation stages in the minerals content. The yellow passion fruit shell is good source of manganese, followed by iron, zinc and copper. In other nutrients, the shell this fruit has proved inadequate and low supply for a diet. As for the storage of the shell, there were effective decreases in the contents of protein, lipids, total sugar, ash and pectins during the period of storage. With the exception of copper, manganese and calcium, for other minerals was effective reductions in levels of zinc, magnesium, potassium, phosphorus and iron during storage of the fruit shell. The color analysis indicated the occurrence of browning of the shell with the advance of storage time. The storage damaged the nutritional quality and appearance of shell. As the acceptance analysis of the shell candy syrup, there was good acceptance by consumers, because more than 70% of them attributed notes above 7 in all candys. Among the treatments tested, the candy with the addition of 4% of the fruit juice was the most accepted by judges in all attributes (aroma, flavor, overall impression and purchase intent). The use of the shell of the yellow passion fruit in the development of a candy syrup is an excellent choice of value aggregation / A indústria de suco de maracujá utiliza ao redor de 30% da massa total dos frutos que são processados e o restante é considerado como resíduo industrial. Estes resíduos podem ser utilizados para o consumo humano objetivando o aproveitamento para outros fins. Desta forma este trabalho teve como objetivo: 1- Avaliar o efeito do estádio de maturação do fruto do maracujá amarelo sobre as características fisico-quimicas e minerais de sua casca; 2- Avaliar o efeito do armazenamento da casca do maracujá amarelo, após a extração do seu suco, sobre as suas características físico-químicas e minerais; 3- Elaboração e avaliação sensorial de aceitabilidade do doce em calda da casca do maracujá amarelo, com a adição de seu suco. Foi utilizado o delineamento inteiramente ao acaso com 4 repetições para os tratamentos de estádios de maturação e 5 repetições para os tratamentos de armazenagem. Foram avaliados os teores de cinzas, pectina, açúcar total e redutor, proteína, gordura, matéria seca e a perda de massa. Os parâmetros minerais foram: cálcio, cobre, ferro, manganês, potássio, magnésio, zinco, fósforo. Foi realizada a analise de cor para os tratamentos de armazenamento da casca. A análise de aceitação se baseou no estudo do sabor, aroma, impressão global e intenção de compra com base em escalas estruturadas e na participação de 50 julgadores não treinados. Cada julgador recebeu um questionário contendo escala hedônica estruturada de nove pontos abrangendo respostas variando entre ''1- desgostei muitíssimo a ''9- gostei muitíssimo''. Na avaliação da intenção de compra utilizou-se escala estruturada de três pontos, sendo 1- certamente não compraria e 3- certamente compraria . Em todo o estudo se utilizou o delineamento inteiramente casualizado e aos dados foi aplicado análise de variância e aos efeitos significativos aplicou-se o teste de comparação de médias de Tukey e análises de regressão. O avanço da maturação resultou na diminuição dos conteúdos de proteína, açúcar redutor, pectina total e cinzas, mostrando que o melhor aproveitamento da casca como alimento funcional ocorre quando o fruto se encontra em estádio verde, quando o teor de pectina é maior. O baixo conteúdo de lipídeos da casca indica um produto final de baixo valor calórico, quando utilizado como alimento funcional e quando consumido na forma integral. Não houve efeito dos estádios de maturação no conteúdo dos minerais. A casca do maracujá amarelo é boa fonte de manganês, seguido de ferro, zinco e cobre. Nos demais nutrientes, a casca do maracujá se mostrou deficiente e de baixo fornecimento para uma dieta. Quanto ao armazenamento da casca, houve diminuições efetivas nos conteúdos de proteína, lipídeos, açúcar total, cinzas e pectinas durante o período de estocagem. Com exceção do cobre, do manganês e do cálcio, para os outros minerais houve diminuições efetivas nos teores de zinco, magnésio, potássio, fósforo e ferro durante o armazenamento da casca do maracujá. A análise de cor indicou a ocorrência de escurecimento da casca com o avanço do tempo de armazenagem. A estocagem da casca mostrou ser prejudicial a sua qualidade nutricional e à sua aparência. Quanto a analise de aceitação do doce em calda da casca, ficou demonstrado que independente dos tratamentos houve boa aceitação pelos provadores, pois mais de 70% deles atribuíram notas acima de 7 em todos os doces. Entre os tratamentos testados, o doce com a adição de 4% de suco do maracujá foi o mais aceito pelos provadores em todos os atributos (aroma, sabor, impressão global e intenção de compra). O aproveitamento da casca do maracujá amarelo na elaboração de doce em calda é uma excelente opção de agregação de valor

Vermicomposting is a possible method for reducing the amount of landfilled bio- waste. The product of vermicomposting is called worm tea. The thesis deals with the issue of composition and possible usage of worm tea, which is a liquid product of vermicomposting. The aim was to assess the composition and properties of worm tea samples provided from households. Then a mixed sample was tested as a nutrient solution for hydroponic growing. One year operation of a small vermicomposter as a mean of community bio-waste disposal was also assessed in the thesis. Conductivity, pH, content of selected cations and anions and TOC were determined for each worm tea sample. Values of conductivity were then assessed by a correlation test with inhibition values gained from an ecotoxicological test with Sinapis alba. Testing of worm tea as a nutrient solution was done in an opened hydroponic system with Lactuca sativa seedlings. Results show that samples of worm tea are very different and they can not be watered down according to their conductivity as was hypothesised. The largest percentage of samples evinced stimulating qualities in a concentration of 2,5 %. Worm tea can be used as an alternative of nutrient solution for hydroponic growth and it has potential for utilization as an stimulant for germination and...

M.Sc., Faculty of Science, University of the Witwatersrand, 2011 / There has been a genuine problem with plastic carrier bags (PCBs) pollution since the 1970’s. A literature review revealed that very few scientific studies have been undertaken globally on PCB. The South African Government promulgated regulations to reduce numbers, encourage reuse and recycling of plastic bags in 2003. The regulations introduced a charge for PCBs. This study looked at the handling and disposal of PCB after 2003 in Gauteng Province, South Africa; and looked at the movement of PCB from major retailers and informal traders to consumers and recycling and recovery. The study excluded the manufacturers and distributors of PCB. It began with the retailers and informal traders being the source of PCB and extended to consumers during their grocery shopping in large retail stores and purchases from informal traders. The study also looked at the individual waste collectors operating in landfill sites, residential and industrial areas to establish the level of recycling of PCB. Buyisa-e-Bag (B-e-B) was at the end of the collection of PCB pathway where it was supposed to provide leadership in the recovery of the bags. Semi-structured interviews were used to collate data on recycling approach with specific focus on PCB and understanding of the legislation. A total of one hundred consumers were interviewed in the shopping malls. Consumers did not know much about the regulations hence they could not explain the reason they have to pay for PCB. Ninety one percent of consumers did not reuse bags for shopping and 68% reused PCB at home to store waste before it is disposed of. Eighty informal traders were interviewed: all indicated that they did not charge for PCB. Forty chain supermarkets managers were interviewed from the shopping centres covered by the study. The retailers were affected by the PCB regulations; they reduced the number of grocery packers and increased security to prevent theft. Nevertheless, they complied with the regulations by selling only the thick bags. Twenty landfill and recycling facilities managers formed part of the study. All landfill managers encouraged general waste recycling to prolong lifespan of the site. Fifty individual recyclers were interviewed in the landfill sites, recycling facilities and on the road side while pushing their trolleys. They found it economically impractical to collect PCBs. Awareness of plastic litter has increased and less is visible though this was not measured. Legal compliance with regulations and specifications needed to be actively driven by all the relevant parties. PCBs are fully recyclable; hence more public awareness is required aimed at preventing the contamination of bags which deters re-claimers from collecting them. B-e-B has not met most of the objectives of their formation and has since been placed under administration by DEAT. Inadequate communication and collective bargaining between the key role parties resulted in the delays in getting the recycling projects off the ground. Major retailers complied with the Government regulations. Informal traders and consumers were generally unaware of regulations and consequences of PCB use. Consumers bought new PCB and in most cases, failed to reuse them for shopping. Recycling of PCBs is not carried out effectively as it is not economically worthwhile. This requires further research to explore the potential uses of PCBs at the end of their lifecycle

Submitted by Silvana Teresinha Dornelles Studzinski (sstudzinski) on 2017-02-08T12:23:45Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Lisiane Emilia Grams Metz_.pdf: 3506520 bytes, checksum: 266b7740d5048d4c8dd4468eeaa7853a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-02-08T12:23:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Lisiane Emilia Grams Metz_.pdf: 3506520 bytes, checksum: 266b7740d5048d4c8dd4468eeaa7853a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-09-26 / Tecnosinos / SENAI / O Rio Grande do Sul concentra cerca de um terço das unidades produtivas de couro do Brasil, e portanto exerce uma papel importantíssimo neste setor. A produção de couro acabado ocorre a partir das peles obtidas nos frigoríficos e se dá pelo uso de grande volume de água e de uma ampla gama de produtos químicos associados a diversas operações mecânicas e gera, além do produto desejado, diversos tipos de resíduos, causando impactos ambientais significativos. Os resíduos sólidos gerados destacam-se pelo volume e potencial poluidor. Os empreendimentos gaúchos são obrigados a emitir e submeter regularmente, ao órgão ambiental licenciador, relatórios dos resíduos sólidos gerados e destinados, no entanto, não há a disponibilidade da informação das tipologias e da quantidade de resíduos sólidos gerados no estado do Rio Grande do Sul, sendo que o último inventário publicado data de 2002. O conhecimento a cerca da geração e destinação dos resíduos é de suma importância para subsidiar a tomada de decisões sobre o assunto, seja com relação à formação de políticas públicas, seja para a priorização de investimentos ou para definição de áreas para empreender esforços técnicos e científicos. A avaliação ambiental do gerenciamento dos resíduos sólidos oriundos da produção de couros no Rio Grande do Sul consiste de uma pesquisa descritiva exploratória, de natureza qualitativa e quantitativa, formando um estudo de caso do gerenciamento de resíduos do setor coureiro do estado. Este trabalho inclui uma breve apresentação do processo de produção de couros, os aspectos e impactos ambientais oriundos deste, os resíduos sólidos gerados e as tecnologias de tratamento e destinação final dos mesmos, com ênfase nas formas de valorização mediante a reutilização e processos de reciclagem, upcycling e downcycling, com a geração de possíveis subprodutos e coprodutos. Aborda ainda, as premissas do gerenciamento de resíduos, os requisitos legais e as oportunidades de Produção Mais Limpa aplicáveis ao gerenciamento de resídos sólidos. A partir do Sistema de Gerenciamento e Controle de Resíduos Sólidos Industriais – SIGECORS de 2013 e 2014 (FEPAM, 2016A) foi verfificado a geração anual de 112.642,5 toleladas de resíduos, mais 129.107,3 metros cúbicos de resíduos e mais 88.877 unidades (embalagens e lâmpadas), sendo que a geração de resíduos perigosos foi ligeiramente inferior a de não perigosos. Os principais resíduos sólidos gerados, em termos quantitativos, são os oriundos dos sistemas de controle de poluição (principalmente lodos de estações de tratamento de efluentes), seguidos dos resíduos de couro (basicamente curtidos ao cromo) e dos resíduos oriundos das peles (de processos antes do curtimento). No que se refere a resíduos não perigosos – Classe II, foi verificado que a prática dos processos de reciclagem, upcycling e downcycling, resultando em coprodutos e subprodutos, atingiu um desempenho superior a 95%. Quanto aos resíduos perigosos - Classe I, o nível de aproveitamento foi menor (no entanto bem superior ao padrão registrado em 2002) sendo que o lodo gerado nas estações de tratamento de efluentes é o resíduo mais problemático do setor, não havendo ainda uma alternativa de aproveitamento disponível. Por meio da avaliação ambiental realizada conclui-se que o diferencial ambiental do setor no RS está na aplicação sistêmica de processos de valorização de resíduos, incluindo a reutilização de resíduos, a prática de upcycling, transformando resíduos em coprodutos, a reciclagem, e a prática de downcyclig, transformando resíduos em subprodutos. / Rio Grande do Sul state concentrates around one third of productive leather units in Brasil, which has a significant role in this sector. Finished leather production starts with the skins obtained from slaughterhouse and consumes a large amount of water and a great number of chemical products, combined with different mechanical operations. It results not just in the desired product, but also in different kinds of waste, causing significant environmental impacts. Among the produced wastes, solid ones stand out, mainly due to its large amount and their pollutant potential. Even though enterprises from Rio Grande do Sul are forced to regularly issue and submit a report on produced and allocated solid waste to the environmental commission agency, there is not available information about typologies and solid waste produced in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, and the last inventory dated 2002. Knowledge about waste production and its disposal is very importance in order to support decision making on the present subject, either to create public policy and decide where to invest, or to define in which areas technical and scientific efforts must be performed. Management environmental evaluation of solid waste from leather production in Rio Grande do Sul consists in a qualitative and quantitative exploratory research, creating a case study about the leather sector management in the state. This dissertation includes a brief presentation on leather production process, its aspects and environmental impacts, the solid waste generated, treatment technologies and its final disposal, with emphasis on forms of recovery through recycling processes, upcycling and down cycling, considering the generation of possible byproducts and coproducts for the leather industry. It also addresses waste management assumptions, legal requirements and applicable opportunities from Cleaner Production to solid waste management. From “Sistema de Gerenciamento e Controle de Resíduos Sólidos Industriais” – SIGECORS of 2013 and 2014 (FEPAM, 2016A) it was observed an annual generation of 112,642.5 tons plus 129,107.3 cubic meters of waste. In addition, it was found a generation of 88,877 units (packaging and light bulbs), and the dangerous waste production was slightly lower than the non dangerous ones. The main solid wastes generated, in quantitative terms, come from pollution control systems (especially sludge from effluent treatment stations), followed by leather wastes (basically tanned via chromium) and by wastes from skins (in processes performed before tanning). About non dangerous wastes – Class II, it was found that recycling practices, upcycling and down cycling, which results in coproducts and byproduct, achieved a performance higher than 95%. About the dangerous wastes – Class I, the reclamation was lower (however much higher than the registered standard in 2002) and the produced sludge from effluent treatment stations is the most problematic waste in the sector. There is not yet an available alternative to recycling. By the environmental evaluation performed, it is concluded that environmental differential in this sector in Rio Grande do Sul is in the systemic application of waste appreciation processes, which includes reuse of waste, upcycling execution, transforming waste in coproducts, recycling, and down cycling execution, transforming waste in byproducts.