South Africa’s democratic political regime opened up a global operating environment, affecting all sectors of the economy including the nonprofit sector. Models of sustainability have become more important than ever, with an increased emphasis on management models in this sector. New information and communication technologies such as the Internet and especially website technology have produced a challenging need for communication management paradigms. Operating within a context of increasing uncertainty may lead to nonprofit organisations looking outside the boundaries of their own sector for new management models and ideas. Strategic integrated communication is a management idea rooted in private sector knowledge. More specifically, Niemann’s (2005) conceptual model for the implementation of strategic integrated communication has the potential to address the sustainability issue within the website arena. The present study evaluates the application of strategic integrated communication according to Niemann’s (2005) conceptual model, among a selection of South African nonprofit organisation websites. Lack of research regarding strategic integrated communication within the South African nonprofit sector was the main motivating factor for this study. The study also represents an attempt to empirically test Niemann’s (2005) normative model within a specific context, thus helping to assess the scientific validity of the model. An exploratory qualitative research design was employed, with evidence collected by means of a content analysis of nonprofit websites and an e-mail questionnaire intended for the most senior communication/marketing staff member of each organisation. From an external perspective, nonprofit websites display many of the elements of Niemann’s (2005) conceptual model. Yet, evidence about the internal communication management aspects of the same organisations indicates that essential elements of the model are absent. Copyright / Dissertation (MCom)--University of Pretoria, 2009. / Communication Management / MCom / Unrestricted

Abstract Title: Nonprofit transparency in practic. A study concerning how transperancy is motivated in fundrasing organisations. Author: Julia Heiming & Alexandra Strand Tutor: Josef Pallas Purpose: The purpose with this thesis was to examine whether transparency exists and how it appears in nonprofit organizations, first and foremost in their fundraising. Moreover, the investigation display a more thoroughly and complex image of transparency compared to the external, which is more requested nowadays. The key questions to be answered are; How does nonprofit organizations consider themselves to be transparent?, What sort of transparency exists within the participating nonprofit organizations?, Does the collaborators have an insight in the operation managers’ decisions?, Do the operation managers have an insight in the work of their employees’, concerning their collection processes?, Does the collection organizations have an oversee concerning their branch and what is said about them?, Does external stakeholders have an opportunity to get insight in the organizations’ collecting processes? Method/Material: The results are based on a qualitative study built on nine different semi structured interviews with three nonprofit organizations. The interviews are based on a model made by Esaiasson, Gilljam, Oscarsson and Wängnerud which later on was analyzed with Heald’s four different types of transparency. Main results: The primary result of the survey proved that all the four different types of transparency more or less exist within the participating organizations. Transparency inwards is the type that the organizations proved to focus on the most. However, the organizations did also focus on the remaining three types. In account of this survey a broader picture of transparency has been disclosed, not only the public view has been displayed. As a nonprofit organization one should be aware of all four different varieties of transparency when openness towards different types engender trust towards the nonprofit organizations, which in return can generate donations. Number of pages: 65 Course: Media and Communication studies C University: Division of Media and Communication, Department of Information Science, Uppsala University Period: Fall 2014 Keywords: Transparency, Nonprofit sector, Nonprofit organizations, Non-Governmental Organizations, Collection processes.

This present study aims to identify the relationships between public service motivation (PSM), job satisfaction, and level of commitment for the study population of 139 executive directors (N=42) and full-time employees (N=97) working with the YMCA in either Mississippi, Alabama, Arkansas, Louisiana, or Tennessee. The study was conducted using an online questionnaire, where executive directors or a representative were contacted to attain consent prior to their participation in the study. For this study, the dependent variable (Global PSM) serves as a means to understand its influence on job satisfaction and level of commitment for the two-group (executive directors and full-time employees) sample population. Once considered to be applicable only to employees in the public sector, this study discusses the application of PSM to employees in the nonprofit sector using the research of Mann (2006) and Word and Carpenter (2013). The employment of PSM to the nonprofit sector guides this research to understand Global PSM’s influence on job satisfaction and level of commitment for executive directors and full-time employees. Moreover, Pandey and Stazyk (2008) posited job satisfaction and organizational commitment are viewed as correlates to PSM. Using ordinary least-squares regression (OLS), the findings for this study indicated four of the nine job satisfaction facets (nature of work, pay, supervision, and coworkers) were significant to increase the Global PSM of executive directors. However, none of the commitment components (affective, continuance, and normative) or demographic variables were found to be significant for this group. Likewise, the findings for the full-time employee group revealed nature of work and operating conditions as the two significant job satisfaction facets. Although slightly significant, normative commitment was the only significant variable of the three-component model of commitment when regressed together or with the job satisfaction or demographic variables in the study.

The organization, founded to provide education in accordance with relevant legislation,is not a typical business organization. Even if such an organization is not primarily focused on making a profit it has basically the same needs as a regular business entity. The organization needs to set its internal system of economic management based on the chosen strategy and real "business" plan, choose an effective marketing strategy to gain clients and to be competitive in a market economy environment. Moreover, we need to know and meet legislative requirements relating both to the relevant area of education and then on the very organization that provides education. Private School, which bears the form of a school legal entity, in a situation where by law to their complementary activities can develop entrepreneurial activities, but these activities can in no way limit the principal, ie the educational activities of the school. In our society the education is regarded as a public service that is or should be given for free, especially basic education. Indeed Municipalities have an obligation to ensure compulsory education for all children residing within their territories and public schools have an obligation to provide basic education free of charge. Finances of public schools are covered by regional budgets in particular, private schools are eligible for non-investment grants linked to the number of pupils in school. Conditions for the individual operating in the area of preschool and primary education, are manifestly diverse, affecting both the competitive environment, and efficiency of the education system.

O presente estudo tem como objetivo geral realizar uma análise do desenho e das relações de trabalho nas organizações da sociedade civil sem fins lucrativos conveniadas com o poder público, identificando, através dos elementos constituintes do trabalho, as características do trabalho decente ou do precário existentes nessas parcerias. Para tanto, fomos buscar no referencial teórico algumas considerações gerais sobre o Estado e a concepção de Estado do Bem-Estar Social e sua crise, com o intuito de compreendermos a dinâmica na transferência da execução de serviços públicos para organizações da sociedade civil através da celebração de parcerias. No Brasil, tais parcerias foram incentivadas a partir da reforma administrativa que aconteceu em meados da década de 1990, com base na legislação da Constituição de 1988, que se mostra propícia à descentralização e terceirização de serviços. Nesta dissertação o conceito de organizações da sociedade civil sem fins lucrativos está intimamente ligado a idéia de terceiro setor e ao modelo de instituições brasileiras sem fins lucrativos. O elevado ritmo de crescimento dos indicadores nacionais e mundiais do setor mostra hoje a relevância do tema para a sociedade em geral e para a configuração do mercado de trabalho de maneira mais específica. Desta maneira, procuramos realizar uma análise sobre os elementos do desenho do trabalho nas organizações do terceiro setor conveniadas com o poder público à luz das discussões sobre relações de trabalho e trabalho no contexto contemporâneo, que apresenta, em alguns setores, características de precarização, especialmente quando envolvido com o fator de terceirização. Como os elementos constituintes da análise são identificáveis nas relações entre estas organizações e seus trabalhadores, optou-se por uma pesquisa descritiva em duas etapas. A primeira baseada em um levantamento de dados junto à prefeitura de São Paulo através de entrevistas para coleta de informações sobre a realização e o controle dos convênios firmados pela Secretaria Municipal do Desenvolvimento e Assistência Social com as organizações do terceiro setor. E a segunda na aplicação de questionário para gestores e trabalhadores de uma amostra probabilística estratificada de 20 dessas organizações, para verificação das condições de trabalho, das práticas e políticas de recursos humanos e dos elementos identificadores da presença de trabalho decente ou trabalho precário nestas instituições. A análise dos resultados da pesquisa mostrou-nos alguns indícios que sinalizam uma tendência à precarização das condições estabelecidas e fornecidas pelas organizações conveniadas a seus trabalhadores remunerados. Entre estes sinalizadores podemos citar os baixos salários praticados, apesar do nível de especialização e de escolaridade destes trabalhadores, o alto número de organizações que não oferecem qualquer tipo de benefícios adicionais, como cesta básica ou plano de saúde, a ausência de procedimentos com relação ao trabalho realizado além daquele determinado pelo contrato (horas extras) e a baixa sindicalização dos trabalhadores, o que prejudicaria o processo de reivindicação e discussão coletiva dos problemas enfrentados por estes profissionais. Em contrapartida, o alto número de contratos formais de trabalho, a baixa rotatividade e a percepção dos trabalhadores sobre seu próprio trabalho são fatores positivos que ainda mantêm estes trabalhadores fora do conceito de precarização total de suas condições de trabalho. / The main goal of this study is to analyze the labor relations frame in the nonprofit organizations that are related to public sector through agreements of public services offer, in order to identify its elements of decent or deteriorated working conditions. To accomplish this we brought from the theories of State and Welfare State?s crisis some relevant points for a better comprehension of the dynamics present in the transference of public services to civil society organizations. More specifically the transferences that were made through partnerships between those organizations and the public sector. In Brazil, such partnerships increased after Constitution of 1988, which regulated laws that were favorable to decentralization and outsourcing, culminating in the public sector administrative reform in the nineties. The concept of civil society organizations that we use in the present work is related to the idea of third sector and the nonprofit Brazilian organizations model. Today, the significant growth of this sector in Brazil and the world, show us the relevance of this theme for society in general and for the labor market specifically. In this way, we intend to examine the labor relations elements present in the civil society nonprofit organizations under the contemporary working scenario, once the labor market is facing, in some sectors, the deterioration of the workers? labor conditions. Since we are able to identify the desired elements of the research in the relationship between the nonprofit organizations and their paid workers, we decided for a descriptive research divided into two phases. In the first stage we composed a administrative data collection with interviews made with specialists who work at São Paulo city hall, in order to obtain information about the contracts celebrated between the Secretaria Municipal do Desenvolvimento e Assistência Social and the nonprofit civil society organizations. After, we applied a survey to managers and paid workers from a stratified sample of 20 of these organizations to verify general working conditions, human resources policies and practices, and other elements that would indicate the presence of decent or deteriorated working conditions. The research results have shown us some indications of deteriorated working conditions offered by these organizations to their paid workers. Among these indicators we shall mention the low level salaries, in spite of workers? specialization and education, the high number of organizations that do not offer any fringe benefits, the absence of proceedings to remunerate extra hours and the paid workers? low level of unionization, which would harm their demands processes. On the other hand, the high level of formal contracts between workers and those organizations, the low rate of turn over and the workers? perception of their own jobs were the found positive factors that still keep those workers away from total deteriorated working conditions.

A demanda por serviços oferecidos pelas organizações sem fins lucrativos tem crescido consideravelmente. Por outro lado, a necessária expansão na oferta requer melhorias no desempenho operacional daquelas instituições. Para isso, não é possível simplesmente importar conceitos e ferramentas desenvolvidos para empresas ou órgãos públicos. As organizações necessitam de metodologias de operação coerentes com as especificidades do setor sem fins lucrativos. Desenvolver tal conhecimento internamente requer estrutura organizacional e recursos, na maioria das vezes, indisponíveis. A formação de redes surge, então, como alternativa interessante para transferir conhecimento relativo à prestação de serviços entre organizações sem fins lucrativos. Esta Tese procura identificar que condições favorecem a transferência de conhecimento nas redes com participação significativa de organizações do terceiro setor. Por meio de um survey exploratório seguido de estudos de caso em quatro redes selecionadas, observa-se que a transferência de conhecimento é favorecida se: o propósito da rede contribui para o desempenho da missão dos membros; a rede conta com agentes facilitadores em sua estrutura; a rede é liderada de forma democrática e participativa; a rede disponibiliza recursos para os membros executarem suas atividades; a rede se comunica por canais de baixo custo; e os membros possuem capacitação prévia para absorverem o conhecimento transferido na rede. / The demand for services provided by nonprofits is increasing significantly. On the other hand, the desired increment in supply requires operational performance improvements on those organizations. For that, it is not possible to simply import concepts and tools developed for corporations or public agencies. Methodologies coherent with nonprofits specificities are required. Developing this knowledge internally demands organizational structures and resources that most of them dont have. Therefore, the creation of networks appears as a good alternative to transfer knowledge related to services provision between nonprofits. This Thesis aims to identify the favorable conditions for knowledge transfer in networks with significant presence of nonprofit organizations. Through an exploratory survey followed by case studies in four selected networks, it concludes that knowledge transfer is easier if: the network goal contributes to achieving its members mission; the network has brokers in its structure; the network leadership is democratic and promotes participation; the network provides resources for the members to develop their activities; the network communicates through low cost channels; and the members have the required capacity to absorb the knowledge transferred by the network.

This Masterś Thesis captures creation of methods Balanced Scorecard for the University of Economics. First, the theoretical part describes what they are nonprofit organizations and how are divided, then focuses on describing the strategy and method of the BSC. The practical part describes the University of Economics, historically and in terms of its functioning. The practical part also includes the creation of PEST analysis, Porter's analysis and the Balanced Scorecard method, which is devoted the greater part of this Masterś thesis. The results of the work is communication strategy through the strategic map.

In recent years, the nonprofit sector has grown and charitable organiza-tions have become more important. HRM has got a more significant role and it is no longer enough to build an organization on the perception that "doing good is good enough". Since charitable organization often have both employees and volunteers and they have different needs, goals and competence levels it is crucial to manage both groups in a suitable way in order to achieve the organizational goals. For that reason we will focus on how charitable organizations can use Human Resource Management to motivate their staff in order to get a desirable performance and a better outcome. The purpose with our research is to see how HRM is used in order to manage the volunteers and employees in a charitable organization and what consequences this de-sign has for the organization. Since previous research has not focused on both employ-ees and volunteers our research will fill an important gap and therefore our ambition is to contribute to the research society by acknowledging this phenomenon. In this research we have done a single qualitative case study of Rädda Barnen and conducted two interviews. We have discovered that both groups are managed differently in the four areas of HRM (flows, performance, involvement & development) since they have different needs, goal and competence levels. Furthermore, we found that Rädda Barnen has been struggling with retaining (and recruiting) volunteers.

Those who are very wealthy may also be extremely free. Independently wealthy philanthropists epitomize this type of freedom. They seem to be able to act in whichever way they please, as long as they respect the limits of the law. Their freedom also implies that they do not experience as much accountability as other funders. Considering philanthropists’ ambitions as policymakers, and given their imposition of performance demands on their grantees, their accountability is relevant to investigate. However, there are no comprehensive comparative studies of philanthropists’ accountability, and there is mainly anecdotal evidence of a lack of accountability being derived from their independent wealth. This dissertation is a study of philanthropists’ accountability. I compare their experienced and exhibited accountability to that of other funders within societies, and I also compare philanthropists’ accountability across societies. I investigate whether philanthropists’ independent wealth influences to whom they are accountable, for what they are accountable, and how they are accountable. To learn about these topics, I examine their accountability relationships, their accountability mechanisms, and how they justify their potentially controversial funding of human embryonic stem cell research. Across these dimensions, I study their legal, financial, hierarchical, peer, professional, political, and fiduciary/social accountability. Empirically, I make a cross-sectional comparison of philanthropists to other funders of human embryonic stem cell research within and across three welfare regimes - liberal California, social democratic Sweden, and statist South Korea. I compare the accountability of independently wealthy philanthropists to that of public agencies, corporations, and fundraising dependent nonprofits. The empirical materials include 101 structured interviews with open-ended questions covering 51 funding organizations, as well as questionnaires explored in ANOVA and social network analysis. The study indicates that philanthropists experience and exhibit less accountability than other funders in some ways, in some contexts. By developing and using a framework to analyze their accountability, I show that philanthropists’ accountability is patterned within the societies in which they fund, and it differs greatly across societies. In California, philanthropists enact themselves as free actors, whereas in Sweden they enact a moral identity as funders of science. In South Korea, there is no clear boundary between philanthropic and corporate accountability. My results point to the contextual limits of philanthropists’ accountability. By enacting their moral identity in a way that conforms to local norms, philanthropists simultaneously retain and enable their continued freedom. In terms of their accountability, philanthropists are free to conform, and they become free by conforming.

This thesis deals with the system of personnel work in specific particular non-profit organization. There is a description of non-profit organizations, human recourses and management in the theoretical section. The goal is to describe and evaluate the system of HR activities in a non-profit organization Ledax PBO. It serves as a case study for anyone interested in non-profit organizations.