Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / The Saudi Arabian government launched Vision 2030 in 2016 that will have repercussions for all aspects of society. The Saudi nonprofit sector has undergone massive and unprecedented reform ever since. Professionalism is a major tool for this reform, prompting an increasing need for research on the topic of organizational professionalism. This dissertation examines how to define and measure organizational professionalism and its implications in the Saudi nonprofit sector. After introducing key concepts and historical context in Chapter 1, I include three articles that address these themes. Using grounded theory methodology, in Chapter 2, I focus on how nonprofit workers in Saudi Arabia define professionalism. In Chapter 3, I develop, test, and validate a professionalism scale from Saudi nonprofit workers’ perspective. In Chapter 4, I examine implications of professionalism on Saudi nonprofit employees’ work-related wellbeing: job satisfaction, turnover intention, and job burnout. In the Conclusion (Chapter 5), I discuss results along with potential implications for policies and practice, recommendations, limitations, and directions for future research.

Nonprofit organization Artbank is a unique project of its type in the country. The aim is to support young artists in their work, help them in their professional development and to acquaint the public with contemporary art. Artbank is a nonprofit organization that supports young artists by purchasing these works also leases state and non-state sponsors. The intention of this thesis is to analyze the project Artbank and design strategies to promote the project.

<p>This paper presents the marketing management of the nonprofit sector as a prerequisite for NGO sustainability. It examines the existing literature on the nonprofit marketing, the current situation of the local NGOs in Kosovo with regards to the application of marketing. The research methodology follows the introduction and presentation of the research objectives. The theoretical background introduces the necessary baseline to analyze empirical findings. The empirical findings and analysis reveal that nonprofit sector in Kosovo does not have a holistic marketing approach. The focus of the research is to emphasize the importance of marketing orientation, segmentation, and planning at nonprofit sector. Moreover, NGOs should create, communicate and deliver values based on customers’ (beneficiaries, volunteers, and donors) needs.</p><p>As a result of this research, a marketing plan guide was prepared.  The guide aims to educate NGOs in Kosovo about the benefits of having a holistic marketing approach and will serve as basis for further marketing planning.</p>

This paper presents the marketing management of the nonprofit sector as a prerequisite for NGO sustainability. It examines the existing literature on the nonprofit marketing, the current situation of the local NGOs in Kosovo with regards to the application of marketing. The research methodology follows the introduction and presentation of the research objectives. The theoretical background introduces the necessary baseline to analyze empirical findings. The empirical findings and analysis reveal that nonprofit sector in Kosovo does not have a holistic marketing approach. The focus of the research is to emphasize the importance of marketing orientation, segmentation, and planning at nonprofit sector. Moreover, NGOs should create, communicate and deliver values based on customers’ (beneficiaries, volunteers, and donors) needs. As a result of this research, a marketing plan guide was prepared.  The guide aims to educate NGOs in Kosovo about the benefits of having a holistic marketing approach and will serve as basis for further marketing planning.

PLHOŇ, Tomáš. Analysis of microfinance in Czech nonprofit sector. Prague, 2011. 70 p. Diploma work (Mgr.) Charles University in Prague, Faculty of social sciences, Institut of sociology sciences. Department of public and social policy. Supervised by prof. PhDr. František Ochrana, DrSc. Abstract This thesis deals with the concept of microfinance and its development in the Czech nonprofit sector. In the first part the author deals with a brief description of this concept and its historical development over the last fifty years. Followed by analysis of itself, that tries to deal with the fact that despite the rapid global development of this worldwide phenomenon, microfinance in the Czech Republic is still a relatively new phenomenon. Author attempted semi structured interviews to map key players in the industry, discover their interests, attitudes, resources, and their declared objectives. The main point of the analysis is myElen.com, Czech internet portal, which is pretty much the main driver of all the happenings in the field of microfinance in this country. In conclusion the author offers an evaluation of analytical findings and suggests possible future steps to further exploration, as well as recommends the most appropriate steps in policy-making.

資訊社會的到來，數位化的環境帶來希望也造成墜落。自90年代末期，數位落差的現象開始為國家、社會所關注，其中偏遠地區的學童往往因距離與社經條件的關係而存在嚴重的數位落差問題。 「數位人文希望關懷團隊」即是非營利部門參與此議題的力量之一，其特別處在於除了解決數位落差問題外，更認為資訊科技能帶來機會。其藉由營隊中的課程與兩校學童的交流，建立起部落學童的基礎資訊能力與因同儕而起的網路使用動機，再透過數位平台的建立與共讀活動的設計，讓部落學童能夠長期與學伴互動，得到陪伴與鼓勵，而達到促進學習動機與成就的目的。而本研究即是希望瞭解個案的歷程與影響及行動背後的運作。 透過訪談與問卷，研究發現在一年的行動後，方案引發的動機，的確讓部落學童的數位落差情形與學習狀況所改善，而在過程中部落社區的氛圍也有轉變，變得更有活力。只是行動也曾遇到不少困難，包括：部落需求的認知差距、資訊基礎建設的建置與維護及行動背後各團隊的合作問題。 而協調合作為本行動在運作上的重要課題，因此本文透過網絡分析、訪談及參與觀察的整理來探討此議題。其中，透過網絡分析發現，團隊的合作狀況緊密且不會過度集中，但仍有集中於部分成員的狀況。而透過訪談整理則發現五個影響協調合作關係的議題，包括：行動方案是有利的、組織的型態與性質、意見不被接受、距離與溝通困擾、認知好的成果等，其中訪談結果雖然並未直接提及網絡結構的影響，但透過比對，仍可發現網絡結構透露出行動者的基本限制而將間接影響合作關係。最後，本文也發現行動中存在著協調合作模式的認知差異，而應注意定位與合作制度化的問題。 根據以上研究發現，本文也對個案提出相關的建議，包括：加強部落電腦教室的管理與維護、在目標下創造各方合作的利基、確立團隊溝通管道與平台、確認各方權利義務與增加行動管理的合作夥伴。 / Digital environment contributes opportunity and divide at the coming of information society. Since the late 1990s, digital divide becomes a popular issue in governments and societies, among which children in the remote district are the one who need more concern. Digital and Cultural Hope (DCH), which is composed of a few groups, is one participant from the nonprofit sector. DCH believes it should not only just bridge the digital divide, but also use the information and communication technology (ICT) to create the opportunity for the children. Hence, it runs a project from an idea like email pal to encourage children’s motives of using ICT and acquiring knowledge in a rural community. This is an effective and unique way to solve the problem. Therefore, the study wants to explore the course and the impact of the DCH project. The study, through interview and questionnaire, finds the DCH project does make its goal after a year of implementing. The motives of children help them improve the digital literacy and school learning. Meanwhile, the DCH project also changes the atmosphere of the community. However, the DCH project does face some challenges. First, the different perception of demand between DCH and the community makes some conflicts. Second, it is difficult to maintain ICT infrastructure for the community. And, at last, one member of DCH closures the collaboration and quits the project. Collaboration is an important issue for the project, because its service is delivered by the collaboration of the groups in DCH. The study, through network analysis, finds the structure of DCH is dense, but not highly central. It also finds five issues of collaboration, and finds network does have an indirect impact of collaboration. Last but not least, the study discovers there is a perception gap of collaboration in DCH, and considers DCH needs to concern about the issues of responsibility between team members and institutionalization of collaboration. According to the findings, the study brings up some suggestions as follow. First, DCH needs to strengthen the maintenance and management of ICT infrastructure by training the community residents and acquiring other supports. Second, it should create the incentives of collaboration for the team members. Third, the information exchange platform is suggested for team communication. And, the right and the duty of the members should be confirmed by each other. At the end, the study advises to invite new participants for managing the project.

Cette thèse porte sur la tradition philanthropique aux États-Unis et sur la place qu’occupent les institutions philanthropiques, c’est à dire les fondations caritatives, au sein de la société américaine contemporaine. La tradition philanthropique américaine s’exprime, en partie, à travers les divers organismes non lucratifs formant le « troisième secteur » américain, le nonprofit sector. Elle est représentée par une société civile américaine promouvant les notions de charité, d’autonomie individuelle vis à vis du pouvoir fédéral et d’entraide sociale. Toutefois, ce sont les fondations caritatives, du fait de leurs importantes ressources financières, qui sont devenues des interlocutrices majeures dans la gestion de l’intérêt général aux États-Unis. De nombreux débats quant à leur efficacité et leur légitimité apparaissent aujourd'hui. L’étude de terrain menée auprès de treize dirigeants de fondations dans le Massachusetts et en Californie a contribué à apporter quelques réponses aux principales interrogations sur l’impact réel des fondations dans la société américaine. Ces observations, réalisées à la fin 2009 et au début 2011, permettent de souligner le fait que la philanthropie est ancrée dans le capitalisme américain, ce qui la rend dépendante de la conjoncture économique. On conclut également que, tandis que la philanthropie est souvent perçue comme un vecteur de valeurs démocratiques, les fondations ne semblent pas toujours prendre en compte l’intérêt général dans le financement de leurs projets. Enfin, en même temps que les richesses se sont accrues depuis les années 1980, les inégalités sociales se sont creusées, et la philanthropie n’a en rien comblé ces inégalités. Pourtant, les enjeux des actions philanthropiques sont considérables et il ne tient qu’aux philanthropes et aux institutions philanthropiques d’agir en faveur du progrès social. / This dissertation focuses on the philanthropic tradition in the United States and on the role of philanthropic institutions, or charitable foundations, in contemporary society. The American philanthropic tradition can be displayed through the various nonprofit organizations that make the « third sector » or nonprofit sector. This tradition is characterized by a strong civil society that promotes ideas such as charity, individualism and mutual aid. However, foundations have become the main agents for the management of the ‘general welfare’ in the United States, which creates new debates regarding their efficiency and their legitimacy. The case studies of foundations in Massachusetts and California helped bring new answers to questions about the social and economic impact of foundations on U.S. society. Final conclusions emphasize the idea that philanthropy represents an integral part of U.S. capitalism and depends on the economic situation of the country. Moreover, whereas philanthropy is often viewed as a tool for democratic advocacy, it appears that foundations do not always promote the general welfare when supporting philanthropic programs. Last but not least, since the 1980s, significant wealth has been accumulated by some individuals and while social inequalities have widened substantially, American philanthropy has not done much to reduce them. Yet, philanthropic activity can significantly impact U.S. society, provided that philanthropists and philanthropic foundations act for social progress.

The challenges we face as a nation are complex and recalcitrant; to address them, we need to be equipped with multifaceted and resilient solutions. Yet, substantial pressures – such as significant fiscal constraints, growing citizen expectations, and the rapid pace of technology – prevent the U.S. Government from efficiently and effectively solving the nation’s ills alone. The public, private, and nonprofit sectors must partner and collaborate to create lasting social change and the best solutions to address our nation’s most pressing social issues lie in the power of social innovation. Drawing from nearly thirty years of scholarship, the views of leading experts in the field of social innovation, and three case studies of social innovation offices in the United States, this paper addresses the case for social innovation in the United States by answering four key questions: what is social innovation; why does the U.S. need it; what has the U.S. government done to support social innovation; and what is the future of social innovation in this United States.

This thesis is devoted to the nonprofit sector entities in the social sphere, which are an important tool that is used primarily for removing social exclusion in society. Social services help clients ensure the physical and mental independence so that they can participate in the daily life of society as much as possible. The aim of my thesis was to analyze the activities of selected nonprofit sector entities in the social sector, focusing on management and economics. These entities were then compared. It was concluded that all companies are the largest source of funding grants, and all companies also form long-term strategic plan of the company. The two organizations use volunteer work. And further that the future development of nonprofit organizations in social services is positive and the number is growing. It is primarily due to the aging population.

This thesis uses a constructivist grounded theory approach to investigate nonprofit corporate governance in the UK; using data obtained from participatory observations of board and associated meetings, workshops, and unstructured elite interviews. Open codes are generated and brought together as concepts, which are then iteratively compared and grouped in open categories. These categories are then reassembled using the paradigm model into five axial codes: the clash of orthodoxies; clash of motivations; regulator versus board power; clash of rationalities; and effective board duality. A dialectical approach is then used to create the core category of the ‘clash of neoliberal and public service world views which exists at every level of the nonprofit sector’. This core category is analysed in terms of the subordinate contradictions: at an environmental level - regulatory power versus sector power; at board level - accountability; the SMT; board practices and rituals (professionalism, actual and symbolic authority, boards meetings as theatre, and ethical standards); the concept of challenge as an expression of power relations; and rationality and decision making; and at the individual level - motivations of directors, moral duty and social purpose, social group membership, identification, credibility and trust. The substantive theory is then situated within psychology, governance, and corporate governance theories. The contribution made by the thesis are identified as the: use of ethnography to describe the inner workings of the board; creation of a model of nonprofit corporate governance; identification of the importance of political, ideological, regulatory, and ethical contexts; and concept of power, and the senior management team as a component of the board. Further research is suggested into: (i) a comparison of corporate governance in the for-profit and nonprofit sectors; (ii) challenge within the nonprofit culture; and (iii) the SMT as a major player in governance.