Alfalfa is an important forage crop in North America which can also escape cultivation and establish in unmanaged habitats. Genetically modified (GM) alfalfa has been approved for environmental release in Canada and the United States and the occurrence of alfalfa in unmanaged natural and semi-natural habitats may compromise the successful co-existence of GM and non-GM alfalfa. To-date, little information has been available on the nature and dynamics of roadside alfalfa populations and their ability to become feral. Such knowledge is necessary to design efficient trait confinement protocols and to enhance the co-existence of GM and non-GM alfalfa within agricultural regions. The overall aim of this work was to characterize roadside alfalfa populations and to establish their role in novel trait movement. A roadside survey revealed the widespread occurrence of feral alfalfa populations in southern Manitoba. We described the seedbanks of roadside alfalfa populations, seedling recruitment and adult reproductive success, indicating that alfalfa is capable of establishing self-perpetuating feral populations in unmanaged habitats. We also noted the successful establishment of alfalfa in a grass sward representing roadside vegetation. Roadside mowing can reduce (and perhaps prevent) seed production in roadside alfalfa; however, mowing failed to drive the populations to extinction in the short-term. Herbicide (2,4-D) applications controlled alfalfa plants but seeds in the seedbank may still contribute to new seedling recruitment. The roadside alfalfa populations we worked with exhibited high levels of genetic diversity, indicating an absence of past population bottlenecks or genetic drift. In addition, phenotypic characterization provided evidence that roadside alfalfa populations were experiencing selection pressure for adaptive traits including winter survivability, rhizome production and prostrate growth habit; all traits that favor persistence in unmanaged habitats. We also noted the occurrence of high (>60%) levels of outcrossing in feral alfalfa populations, establishing their role as sources and sinks for novel traits. Our findings indicate that alfalfa populations occurring in unmanaged habitats need to be considered in trait confinement protocols in order to reduce the adventitious presence (AP) of novel traits and to enhance the successful co-existence of GM and non-GM alfalfa.

Soviet literature requires a thorough and detailed analysis to be applied. From one angle the spirits of collaboration may be observed (based on different considerations), while another angle presents contestation and indirect resistance. The postwar period is ambiguous one. Therefore, it needs to be taken under detailed investigation. The previously mentioned problems are not only significant and actual for post socialistic and post colonial countries but also may be regarded as ones of the most prominent dimensions of the recent centuries. The aim mentioned above was the cause for the object under investigation. The paper is subjected to the novel trilogy of one of the most distinguished authors of Lithuanian war prose, i.e. K. Marukas namely “For Whom the Sun Rises”, “Just a Few of Us”, “Soldierly Novel”. The novelty of the research is that the novels of K. Marukas are analyzed on the basis of new approach in Lithuania which is revealed in the works of the authors of Western Europe and the USA. The most crucial element of the previously mentioned works is conception towards autobiographical (memory) and war literature. The literary theory together with practice is the main criteria for the corpus analyzed. The investigation of the literary works is based on the literary analysis and the addition of sociological, psychoanalytical, psychological and historical elements. The particularity of K. Marukas novels is revealed by observation of the development of war prose as well... [to full text]

Alfalfa is an important forage crop in North America which can also escape cultivation and establish in unmanaged habitats. Genetically modified (GM) alfalfa has been approved for environmental release in Canada and the United States and the occurrence of alfalfa in unmanaged natural and semi-natural habitats may compromise the successful co-existence of GM and non-GM alfalfa. To-date, little information has been available on the nature and dynamics of roadside alfalfa populations and their ability to become feral. Such knowledge is necessary to design efficient trait confinement protocols and to enhance the co-existence of GM and non-GM alfalfa within agricultural regions. The overall aim of this work was to characterize roadside alfalfa populations and to establish their role in novel trait movement. A roadside survey revealed the widespread occurrence of feral alfalfa populations in southern Manitoba. We described the seedbanks of roadside alfalfa populations, seedling recruitment and adult reproductive success, indicating that alfalfa is capable of establishing self-perpetuating feral populations in unmanaged habitats. We also noted the successful establishment of alfalfa in a grass sward representing roadside vegetation. Roadside mowing can reduce (and perhaps prevent) seed production in roadside alfalfa; however, mowing failed to drive the populations to extinction in the short-term. Herbicide (2,4-D) applications controlled alfalfa plants but seeds in the seedbank may still contribute to new seedling recruitment. The roadside alfalfa populations we worked with exhibited high levels of genetic diversity, indicating an absence of past population bottlenecks or genetic drift. In addition, phenotypic characterization provided evidence that roadside alfalfa populations were experiencing selection pressure for adaptive traits including winter survivability, rhizome production and prostrate growth habit; all traits that favor persistence in unmanaged habitats. We also noted the occurrence of high (>60%) levels of outcrossing in feral alfalfa populations, establishing their role as sources and sinks for novel traits. Our findings indicate that alfalfa populations occurring in unmanaged habitats need to be considered in trait confinement protocols in order to reduce the adventitious presence (AP) of novel traits and to enhance the successful co-existence of GM and non-GM alfalfa.

“When is a Man Where He Drowns” is a creative project that forms part of a novel in progress. In the novel, Paul Rasmussen, 31, an anthropology instructor and ethnographer, is recovering from a career setback and early prostate cancer. He takes a job as a fisheries technician in the remote Immitoin Valley, meeting a series of characters who both facilitate and complicate his convalescence. At the conclusion of “Part One: Archaeology,” he begins an ethnographical study of the people who were displaced and relocated when the valley was flooded to create the McCulloch Dam in 1970. The Immitoin Valley is a fictional location, a composite of various communities and geographical features along B.C.‟s Arrow Lakes, the Peace River valley, and other places that have experienced socio-geographical change due to hydroelectric dam activity. When is a Man Where He Drowns, in its entirety, is concerned with themes of exile, displacement and masculinity, using the body and landscape as parallel metaphors. My thesis, which consists of “Part One: Archaeology,” is a standard narrative told in third person. It attempts to establish the protagonist‟s relationship with his body, and sets the stage for the remainder of the novel which will play with different forms of storytelling, including ethnographic field notes, journal entries and transcribed interviews. / Graduate / 10000-01-01 / 9999-12-31

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The creative outcome of my Masters Degree is an extract of my manuscript for a novel. The extract is 40,000 words in length and represents approximately one half of the completed novel. Fissure is the title of the novel. It is a novel which is unconventional in relation to the mainstream understanding of what a traditional novel is. Fissure aims to position itself within a post modern framework. It consists of two primary narratives set apart in time.

The creative outcome of my Masters Degree is an extract of my manuscript for a novel. The extract is 40,000 words in length and represents approximately one half of the completed novel. Fissure is the title of the novel. It is a novel which is unconventional in relation to the mainstream understanding of what a traditional novel is. Fissure aims to position itself within a post modern framework. It consists of two primary narratives set apart in time.

The creative outcome of my Masters Degree is an extract of my manuscript for a novel. The extract is 40,000 words in length and represents approximately one half of the completed novel. Fissure is the title of the novel. It is a novel which is unconventional in relation to the mainstream understanding of what a traditional novel is. Fissure aims to position itself within a post modern framework. It consists of two primary narratives set apart in time.

Stuttgart, Universiẗat, Diss., 2008.