Submitted by DIMAS CAMPOS DE AGUIAR null (dimas_c@hotmail.com) on 2016-06-01T23:06:39Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TESE - FINAL.pdf: 4970932 bytes, checksum: 687493ddcb10566640a94638f676e0de (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ana Paula Grisoto (grisotoana@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2016-06-02T12:32:53Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 aguiar_dc_dr_guara.pdf: 4970932 bytes, checksum: 687493ddcb10566640a94638f676e0de (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T12:32:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 aguiar_dc_dr_guara.pdf: 4970932 bytes, checksum: 687493ddcb10566640a94638f676e0de (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-05-06 / Nos últimos anos tem sido possível notar um considerável crescimento no número de empresas e pessoas que aplicam o método de Análise de Modos de Falha e Efeitos, ou FMEA, em análises de processos. Porém, em sua execução há situações de incerteza, com a possibilidade de se promover diferentes tipos de informação, gerando dúvidas se as avaliações estão realmente completas. Este estudo tem como objetivo definir um modelo conceitual para a aplicação FMEA de Processo reduzindo as variações nas interpretações, pontuações e critérios para as decisões. A partir de uma fundamentação teórica, é identificada uma estrutura para construção de FMEA onde as atividades de desenvolvimento são classificadas como qualitativas, quantitativas e corretivas, de acordo com o tipo de análise das avaliações. Um estudo específico é desenvolvido para cada categoria de avaliação, sendo um estudo de caso com a aplicação de FMEA associada aos conceitos de abordagem por processo, referente às análises qualitativas; um levantamento bibliográfico sobre critérios para pontuação em FMEA, referente às análises quantitativas; e um levantamento sobre as regras utilizadas para a recomendação de ações em FMEA de Processo, referente às análises corretivas. Como resultado tem-se uma proposta focada na eliminação de irregularidades na aplicação do FMEA, preenchendo uma lacuna existente entre a teoria e a prática. / In recent years it has been possible to note a considerable growth in the number of companies and people who use the Failure Mode and Effects Analysis, or FMEA, in process analysis. However, in its execution there are uncertainty situations, making possible to promote different types of information, raising questions whether the assessments are really complete. This study aims to define a conceptual model for Process FMEA application, reducing variations in interpretations, scoring and decisions criteria. From a theoretical framework, a structure for FMEA construction is identified, where those development activities are classified as qualitative, quantitative and corrective, according to the type of analysis of the evaluations. A specific study is developed for each category of evaluation. A case study in FMEA application associated with the concepts of process approach is done regarding qualitative analysis; a literature review on scoring FMEA criteria is done regarding quantitative analysis; and a survey on the rules used for recommending actions in Process FMEA is done regarding corrective analysis. As output, a proposal focused on the elimination of irregularities in the implementation of FMEA is done, filling a gap between theory and practice.

The main aim of this project was to examine the effects of introducing hierarchy into honeycombs and determining the variables that preside over the global response of the structure. Specifically to understand how the in and out-of-plane elastic and non-linear plastic properties of honeycombs were affected by hierarchy. Analytical analysis of hierarchical honeycombs has been used to explain and predict the response of finite element simulations validated by experimental investigations. The early stage of the investigation focused on finding if the elastic modulus could be maintained or improved on an equal density basis due to the introduction of hierarchy. It is clear that honeycombs are sensitive to hierarchical sub-structures, particularly the fraction of mass shared between the super-and sub-structures. Introduction of an additional level of hierarchy without reducing performance is difficult, but was possible by functional grading. Another original result was that it was determined when the sub-structure could be assumed to be a continuum of the super-structure. Meaning the material properties from a single unit sub-cell could be used as the constituent material properties of the super-structure, as in previous work by (Lakes 1993) and (Carpinteri et al 2009) for example. Work investigating the in-plane, non-linear plastic response of hierarchical honeycombs showed that the introduction of hierarchy into honeycombs can have the effect of delaying the onset of elastic buckling, which is a common failure mechanism for low relative density structures. As such it was possible to achieve a marked increase in the recoverable energy absorbed by hierarchical honeycombs prior to elastic buckling or plastic yield. The potential benefits are less apparent in higher relative density structures due to the onset of plasticity becoming the first mode of failure. The out-of-plane properties also investigated showed no increase in the elastic properties due to the introduction of hierarchy, but showed a marked increase in the out-of-plane elastic buckling stress of 60% when compared to a conventional hexagonal honeycomb of the same relative density.

In the thesis was investigated the influence and importance of active management in lowland forests on epigeic spider fauna. The research was carried out on 15 randomly chosen research plots in the NPR Děvín (The Pálava Protected Landscape Area). Together, the research took place on 15 plots with 3 tretaments on each plot: heavy thinning, moderate thinning, control plots (no management). The spiders were collected using pitfall traps when three pitfall traps in each transect were placed five meters between each other across the central axis of each research plot. The results show that locatity is characteric by high abundance and species richness of spiders. Overall, 3683 adult spiders belonging to 21 families, 70 genera and 116 species were collected and determined, including high presence of rare and endangered species. The species richness and number of conservation bioindicators had the highest values on plots where heavy thinning was applied. The abundance of spiders had the highest values in a moderate thinning, mainly due to dominant species Pardosa lugubris (Walckenaer, 1802) and Trochosa terricola (Thorell, 1856). Functional diversity was significantly higher in open stands, however, the individual functional features (e.g. spider hunting strategies) were equally dispersed in all types of forest stands. The evenness of these functional groups depend on the coverage and density of vegetation. The research show that the most appropriate for biodiversity conservation in lowland forest reserves is to return to active management, but not across the whole area. It is necessary to preserve the mosaicity of lowland oak forests, it means preserve heterogeneity of microhabitats in the stand because different species and ecological groups of spiders prefer different ecological conditions. This can support the overall biodiversity of lowland forest ecosystems. In comparison with other studies, these conclusions are applicable to other groups of organisms occurring in the lowland forests of the Czech Republic.

This diploma thesis deals with the study of the current capability of the generative reproduction of dwarf pine stands (Pinus mugo Turra) in NNR Praděd and the determination of factors influencing the success of generative reproduction. The work deals with the occurrence of the dwarf pine seedlings depending on the stand disturbance of grass-herb vegetation, distance from parental stand and the thickness of the soil horizon A. The work also solves the problem of influence of a particular species of grass-herb vegetation on the occurrence of seedlings. The results show that the higher the rate of disturbance and the smaller the distance from parental stand, the higher is the occurrence of seedlings. It was also found that the most common types of vegetation in which the seedlings were grown were Nardus stricta and Avenella flexuosa.

International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 25-28, 1993 / Riviera Hotel and Convention Center, Las Vegas, Nevada / System performance can be ascertained via a number of parameters; one of which is Signal-to-Noise ratio (SNR). SNR is the ratio of the value of the signal to the value of the noise. It is generally expressed in decibels and usually a function of the system bandwidth. Another measure of performance is the Noise-Power ratio (NPR). NPR is the ratio of the noise level within a specific measurement channel when noise is applied to all channels, to the level that is measured within the specific channel with noise applied to all of the channels but not the specific channel.

This thesis describes the development of a system for the procedural generation and painterly rendering of trees. Specifically, the rendered trees are modeled after those found in the oil landscape paintings of 19th century French painter Camille Corot. The rendering system, which is a combination of MEL-scripted Maya tools and Renderman shaders, facilitates the creation of still images that look convincingly painterly, as well as 3D animations with temporal coherence. Brush stroke properties are animated based on distance from the camera, so that traditional painting techniques for representing depth are incorporated into the computer-generated animations. During the development process, the system was generalized to apply to other structures, such as grass and rocks, and allows for the creation and rendering of entire landscapes. Several example animations were created with the system to demonstrate the ideas developed during the process and the quality of the results.

Research and development of Non-Photorealistic Rendering algorithms has recently moved towards the use of computer vision algorithms to extract image features. The feature representation capabilities of image moments could be used effectively for the selection of brush-stroke characteristics for painterly-rendering applications. This technique is based on the estimation of local geometric features from the intensity distribution in small windowed images to obtain the brush size, color and direction. This thesis proposes an improvement of this method, by additionally extracting the connected components so that the adjacent regions of similar color are grouped for generating large and noticeable brush-stroke images. An iterative coarse-to-fine rendering algorithm is developed for painting regions of varying color frequencies. Improvements over the existing technique are discussed with several examples.

This thesis deals with the structure and evolution model of relict stands of pine forests in the NPR Adršpašsko-teplické skály. Measurements were performed on four permanent research plots. These were established in the past and have dimensions 50 x 50 meters. By using Field-Map technology were recorded locations of all individuals of tree layer, natural regeneration, the position of stumps and dead wood in these areas. By the direct measurement were recorded growth characteristics. The measured data were evaluated by mathematical-statistical methods. The resulting data were used to assess the structure and for prediction of development of the undergrowth as the basis for the creation of nature-friendly management in similar habitat and vegetation conditions of natural pine forests.

The present thesis explores the mountain ash population in a selected part of Praděd National Nature Reserve, hunting grounds of Karlov and Malá Morávka. The research was carried out in an area of 665 ha, in elevations ranging from 950–1463.7 metres. The structure of the adult population of the mountain ash (generative organs, thickness and height structure) was described, the density of its rejuvenation was assessed focusing on the quantification of damages due to browsing. The results imply that the area is populated by a sufficient number of specimens that are capable of generative reproduction, as well as by a sufficient number of seedlings which do not grow up due to browsing. A management of the mountain ash population was suggested, aiming at the maximum use of the high population of natural rejuvenation. The thesis also deals with the assessment of the area landscape character. The projected landscaping in the locality of Ovčárna uses the mountain ash as a landscape-forming element.

Mémoire numérisé par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.