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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
241

Datortomografins betydelse vid diagnostisering av lungemboli hos patienter med covid-19 : En litteraturöversikt / The importance of computed tomography in the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism in patients with covid-19 : A literature review

Boman, Amanda, Fransson, Alexandra January 2021 (has links)
Inledning: Patienter med covid-19 har en ökad risk att drabbas av lungemboli. Symtomen som patienter med covid-19 har liknar många gånger symtom på lungemboli. Förhöjda D-dimer-värden ökar misstanken om lungemboli. Detta är dock svårt att tolka eftersom patienter med covid-19 kan ha förhöjda D-dimervärden på grund av infektionen. För att misstänka lungemboli behövs ett positivt utslag på D-dimer och beaktande av symtom och för att påvisa lungemboli behöver patienter genomgå en undersökning med datortomografi (DT). Syfte: Beskriva symtom och kliniska tecken hos patienter med covid-19 som genomgår en datortomografiundersökning med frågeställningen lungemboli. Genom syftet utformades frågeställningen: Ses någon skillnad i symtom och kliniska tecken hos patienter med covid-19 som får diagnosen lungemboli och de som inte får diagnosen lungemboli? Metod: Studien har genomförts som en allmän litteraturöversikt och innefattar elva vetenskapliga artiklar med kvantitativ metod. Resultat: Ingen signifikant skillnad kunde ses i symtom, fysiska mätvärden, ålder och kön hos patienter med covid-19 som diagnostiserades med lungemboli jämfört med de som inte diagnostiserades med lungemboli, men däremot sågs en signifikant skillnad i D-dimernivåerna. Alla patienter med covid-19 hade förhöjda D-dimernivåer, och de patienterna med lungemboli hade högre värden. Slutsats: Det gick inte att urskilja något D-dimergränsvärde som med säkerhet kan utesluta lungemboli hos patienter med covid-19. Symtom och fysiska mätvärden hos patienter med covid-19 som drabbats eller inte drabbats av lungemboli är lika varandra. Förhöjda D-dimer- nivåer hos patienter med covid-19 är vanligt. Detta gör att många patienter med covid-19 remitteras till DT med frågeställningen lungemboli. Röntgensjuksköterskan ska kunna avgöra om en undersökning är berättigad för att en patient inte ska bli utsatt av en onödig stråldos, vilket är komplicerat i detta fall.
242

Optimization of reconstruction methods and injected activity for whole body [18F]FDG PET/CT imaging

Hart, Alexander 12 April 2021 (has links)
[18F]Fluorodeoxyglucose ([18F]FDG) Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography (PET/CT) imaging is a powerful tool in the diagnosis of cancer and subsequent treatment planning. New state-of-the-art PET/CT scanners have the capacity to generate images of superb quality. The new scanners feature detectors with increased sensitivity and a new generation of reconstruction algorithms that produce higher quality images than the scanners they are replacing. In addition to the scanner, the scan duration, amount of administered [18F]FDG activity, and the anatomy of the patients themselves are also determining factors of image quality. There is evidence suggesting that [18F]FDG PET image quality is significantly reduced for larger patients, jeopardizing lesion detection. Two possible solutions to this problem are to (i) increase injected activity or (ii) increase scan duration. Increasing scan duration is preferable but not always possible in a busy clinic. Increasing injected activity is necessary but a proper scaling regimen with patient size must be determined in order to achieve consistent image quality. The aim of the work presented in this thesis was to achieve higher quantification accuracy and consistent image quality for all patients scanned with [18F]FDG PET. Because quantitative PET/CT images require corrections for image degrading effects, for which attenuation correction is the main contributor and is performed based on CT images, the first step in this project was to develop software tools to automate the analysis of phantom images for CT quality assurance. The next step was to optimize the reconstruction parameters for whole body [18F]FDG PET based on a phantom experiment. Finally, a retrospective study was conducted using patient [18F]FDG PET images to characterize the relationship between patient anatomical characteristics and image quality. This work concludes by suggesting optimized reconstruction parameters and a scaling regimen for injected [18F]FDG activity. With the implementation of these recommendations it can be possible to obtain images with increased quantitative value while delivering less dose to patients and maintaining a uniform level of image quality between different patients. / Graduate
243

Validation of a method utilising MR images for dose planning of prostate cancer treatment : Validation of new coil technology applied on the pelvis region of healthy volunteers

Rung, Tova January 2022 (has links)
By generating a synthetic CT image (sCT) directly from the MRI, the electron density can be calculated, and the CT examination can be excluded from the patient flow minimizing the risk of uncertainties in the registration. Basing the radiation treatment process solely on MR images is called MRI-only and is beneficial for the patient as it can provide more accurate radiation treatment than the standardised treatment with fewer CT examinations and possibly a more cost-effective radiation treatment process.  The conventional coils that are normally used in MRI for dose planning purpose cannot be placed directly on the patient as the outer body contour then can be deformed by these relatively heavy coils. The coils are therefore placed on a special holder which creates distance between the coil and the patient, this degrades the signal to noise ratio (SNR). The department for radiation treatment at Linköping University Hospital has access to a newly developed coil with so-called Air Technology. This type of coil is significantly lighter than the conventional ones and the idea is that this coil can be placed directly on the patient without causing deformation.  The aim of this project is to develop a software tool to validate an MRI-only workflow and to investigate if the radiation dose calculation based on sCT data differs from calculations based on CT data. Furthermore, to examine if the AIR coil has any effect on the body contour and the calculated dose.  For the evaluation of the AIR coil three similarity comparison methods were used, Hausdorff distance, Dice similarity coefficient (DSC) and Surface DSC. The result for the Hausdorff distance showed that eight out of eleven comparisons were within 4 mm difference, this corresponded good with Surface DSC where eight out of eleven had a result over 99% at a 3 mm tolerance. DSC measures gave above 98.5% for nine out of eleven of the comparisons.  The investigation on whether the radiation dose calculation differed was done using the dose- volume histogram statistics in Eclipse. A method calculating the gamma index was implemented in MICE. The results showed that nine out of ten gamma indexes had deviations that were within the same range. An explanation for why the results of one patient were not within the same range as the others could not be found and needs further investigations.
244

Prostate Segmentation according to the PI-RADS standard using a 3D-CNN

Holmlund, William January 2022 (has links)
No description available.
245

The diagnostic accuracy to Technetium 99m labelled erythrocyte scintigraphy in the investigation of hepatic mass lesions : special reference to hepatic cavernous haemangioma and hepatocellular carcinoma

Lourens, Steven January 1995 (has links)
The distinction between cavernous haemangiomas of the liver (which are the second most common hepatic mass lesions) from malignant lesions, is often difficult. An incorrect diagnosis of cavernous haemangioma, in a patient with malignancy, may adversely influence the outcome of subsequent treatment in these patients, due to delay in therapy. Although previous studies have suggested that ⁹⁹ᵐTc erythrocyte blood pool scintigraphy is both highly sensitive and specific for haemangiomas, a basic flaw in all previous studies has been the small number of control patients studied. Bayesian analysis clearly shows that specificity for a test is dependant on the pre-test probability of the lesion being present. Thus all the studies done to date, may reflect an inappropriately high specificity for ⁹⁹ᵐTc scintigraphy, in diagnosing cavernous haemangiomas, because they have mainly studied patients with haemangiomas and relatively few patients with other lesions. This study was thus undertaken to clarify the true accuracy of this technique, in distinguishing haemangiomas from other hepatic mass lesions, by studying a large number of patients with haemangiomas and other hepatic mass lesions.
246

肝臓の有機アニオントランスポーター機能のインビボ評価のための核医学分子イメージングプローブの開発に関する研究

屋木, 祐亮 24 September 2014 (has links)
京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(薬学) / 甲第18550号 / 薬博第812号 / 新制||薬||238(附属図書館) / 31450 / 京都大学大学院薬学研究科医療薬科学専攻 / (主査)教授 佐治 英郎, 教授 橋田 充, 教授 髙倉 喜信 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Pharmaceutical Sciences / Kyoto University / DFAM
247

Magnetresonanstomografi : En kvalitativ intervjustudie om vårdpersonals erfarenheter och upplevelser

Berg, Simon, Rosling Borg, Matilda January 2023 (has links)
Bakgrund: Magnetresonanstomografi (MR) är associerat med olika risker relaterade till magnetfälten. Enligt patientsäkerhetslagen ska vårdpersonalen arbeta för patientens säkerhet och undvika vårdskador. Om vårdpersonal inte känner till risker med de olika magnetfälten kan detta leda till en brist i MR-säkerheten. Syfte: Att beskriva erfarenheter och upplevelser av MR-undersökningar och MR-säkerhet hos vårdpersonal som följer med patienter vid en MR-undersökning. Metod: En kvalitativ metod användes för denna studie med semi-strukturerade intervjuer som datainsamlingsmetod. Totalt deltog16 informanter från ett universitetssjukhus i Sverige i studien. Insamlade data analyserades med manifest innehållsanalys. Resultat: Resultatet visar att informanterna upplever att MR-undersökningar kräver mycket förberedelser för vårdpersonalen och innebär ofta lång undersökningstid. Informanternas erfarenhet av att medfölja till MR-undersökningar var generellt liten på grund av att det ofta var långt mellan undersökningstillfällena och att detta kan leda till glömska av vad som är tillåtet och inte tillåtet vid MR-kameran som medföljande vårdpersonal. Det uppkom av informanternas beskrivningar att metall utgör risker nära magnetkameran och att det finns risker för brännskador för patienter. Resultatet visade även att informanter litade på sig själva gällande MR-säkerhet men att det även fanns en önskan om att få ta del av mer utbildning i ämnet. Slutsats: Vårdpersonalens erfarenheter och upplevelser om MR-underökningar och MR- säkerhet visar att kunskap om risker med MR-undersökningar förekommer och att mycket förberedelser krävs. Erfarenheten av MR-undersökningar bland informanterna var liten och likaså kunskapen om MR-säkerhetsutbildning.
248

Patienters upplevelse av en 68Ga-PSMA-PET/DT-undersökning : En intervjustudie

Sahlström, Jessica, Englin Vogelpoel, Sanne January 2023 (has links)
Bakgrund: 68Gallium- Prostataspecifikt membranantigen – Positronemissionstomografi/Datortomografi (68Ga-PSMA-PET/DT) är en metod för att undersöka patienter med prostatacancer och eventuella metastaser. Denna undersökningsmetod har gjort att fler patienter kan få en diagnos i ett tidigt skede. Det saknas studier i patientupplevelser kring denna undersökning. Syfte: Syftet med studien är att beskriva patienters upplevelse av en 68Ga-PSMA-PET/DT-undersökning från remiss till utförd bildtagning.  Metod: En empirisk kvalitativ intervjustudie med semistrukturerade intervjufrågor genomfördes med 12 patienter. Resultatet analyserades med en induktiv kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Resultat: Resultatet visade att de flesta som intervjuades upplevde att de var välinformerade både muntligt från remitterande läkare, kallelse och den muntliga informationen som gavs under undersökningen. Majoriteten av patienterna upplevde inget obehag eller oro kring de olika momenten av undersökningen. Det framkom att muntlig information gällande risker med strålning till allmänheten inte givits till alla patienterna och studien fann att det fanns förbättringsbehov inom det området. Några upplevde att det var obehagligt att behöva ta diuretika, dricka vatten samt att ligga länge i PET/DT- kameran. Några av patienterna tyckte att undersökningen tog lång tid.  Slutsats: Studien visade att de flesta av patienterna kände sig välinformerade och väl bemötta. Studien fann däremot att det finns förbättringsområden vad gäller information efter undersökningen. Några patienter upplevde vissa förberedande moment som ansträngande, men en majoritet upplevde inga problem med undersökningen.
249

Target Volume Delineation In Hypoxia Dose Painting / Utveckling av metod för att definiera målvolymer i hypoxiska tumörer för dosplanering

Edeling, Madita January 2019 (has links)
Purpose: Tumour hypoxia is the result of uncontrolled growth of the tumour and its vasculature and is often found in solid tumours. It has been known for some time that tumour hypoxia is associated with increased radio resistance and poorer treatment outcomes. While there are several techniques to image the tumour’s oxygenation, no metric or guideline exists that helps in automatically delineating those hypoxic cells into target volumes. Even though several hypoxic biomarkers have been developed and tested to detect visualise and localise hypoxic areas, most of these delineated areas show volumes that are not immediately suitable for dose planning (i.e. a speckled hypoxia distribution). This work deals with 18 cases of tumour hypoxia in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and presents a method that gives guidance on how to construct hypoxic target volumes feasible for dose planning. Materials and Methods: PET-CT scans have been taken with the hypoxic biomarker 18F-HX4. Hypoxic volumes have been extracted using a threshold of 10mmHg. A region growing algorithm was used to develop the HTV delineation method. Individually calculated doses based on the pO2-distribution within the hypoxic target volume have been used for the construction of dose plans with 24 fractions. Results: Treatment plans that boost the hypoxic target volume whilst sparing surrounding organs at risk were possible to construct for those tumours lying outside the mediastinum. Tumours which volumes were partially or fully overlapping with the mediastinum showed conflicts with delivering the dose necessary for a tumour control probability (TCP) of at least 95% and not exceeding the dose constraints set for the mediastinum.
250

Total body perfusion imaging with 15O-water PET

Åhlström, Anna January 2023 (has links)
Background Positron emission tomography scanners can be used together with the PET tracer 15O-water to image perfusion in the body. It has mainly been used to image perfusion in the brain and heart. The new total-body PET scanners have a larger axial field-of-view, making imaging of the whole body possible without moving the patient. Objectives The objective of this study was to use data from a total-body PET scanner to map perfusion in the whole body all at once. Methods Cluster analysis was used to identify time-activity curves which were used in a compartment model describing the tracer kinetics. The compartment model equations were solved using linear regression and whole-body parametric images were generated. The results were validated using nonlinear regression. Result and conclusions The results showed that the method is promising but in need of adjustments. The method needs to be tested on more data and improvement in calculations for the lungs and for time delay is needed. With improvements, this method could be used for mapping perfusion in the whole body.

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