Stuttgart, Univ., Diss., 2002.

Zugl.: Erlangen-Nürnberg, Universiẗat, Diss., 2007.

Techn. Hochsch., Diss., 2003--Aachen.

This dissertation investigates the effect of electromagnetic braking and gas injection on the fluid flow in a continuous casting slab mold numerically and makes verifications on basis of a small Liquid Metal Model for Continuous Casting of steel (mini-LIMMCAST). Numerical calculations were performed by means of the software package CFX with an implemented RANS-SST turbulence model. The non-isotropic nature of the MHD turbulence was taken into account by specific modifications of the turbulence model. The numerical results were validated by flow measurements at the mini-LIMMCAST facility. Numerical simulations disclose the damping effect on the flow closely depending on the wall conductance ratio. In addition, specific modifications of the turbulence model play a crucial role in reconstructing the peculiar phenomenon of an excitation of nonsteady, nonisotropic, large-scale flow perturbations caused by the application of the DC magnetic field.

Gegenstand der Arbeit ist die Entwicklung und Modellierung eines keramischen Filters zur Abscheidung von nichtmetallischen Teilchen aus Stahlschmelzen. Ausgehend von einem Konzept eines Umlenkabscheiders wurde dieser mit Hilfe von Experimenten und numerischen Berechnungen auf seine Wirkungsweise und Einsatzfähigkeit für größere Stahlmengen untersucht. Wassermodellversuche dienten zur Erfassung des Geschwindigkeitsfeldes und der Teilchenbewegungen. Durch Vergleich mit numerischen Berechnungen und die Variation von Parametern wurde die Abscheidewirkung des Filters untersucht. In Technikumsversuchen mit Flüssigstahl erfolgte die Verifizierung der Modellvorstellung aus den numerischen Berechnungen und Wassermodellexperimenten. Eine Abscheidung konnte qualitativ nachgewiesen werden. Die gewonnenen Ergebnisse führten zur Entwicklung und Patentierung eines neuen Typs des Einschlussabscheiders. Der neu entwickelte Spiralabscheider weist zahlreiche technologische Vorteile gegenüber dem Umlenkabscheider auf.

The present thesis focusses on two main issues: (i) the development of a multi-phase simulation tool for the characteristics of tight-gas reservoirs, and (ii) the investigation of advanced stimulation techniques. The latter mainly implies the analysis of certain damaging mechanisms, as well as the derivation of general modelling guidelines for fractured wells and underbalanced drilling. A special simulation tool is developed, realised in a Fortran-MATLAB coupling. The numerical model is based on the control-volume method with finite differences. It accounts for inertial non-Darcy effects, non-Newtonian fluid rheology and stress dependency of permeability via a simplified approach. The discretisation framework is fully unstructured, using the connection list approach and the common two-point flow stencil. Wells and boundary conditions can be handled very flexible in the code. Contrary to conventional treatment in simulators, wells are discretely included in the simulator. Inertial non-Darcy flow and stress dependency of reservoir permeability are shown to affect the accuracy of simulation models, despite low gas rates. Considering a realistic scenario, with non-Darcy flow and permeability (stress) dependent non-Darcy flow coefficients, stress dependency of reservoir permeability and fracture closure, a total reduction of 40 % is possible in a 10 year production period under realistic conditions. New type-curves are presented for non-Darcy flow in fracture and reservoir, allowing for the determination of non-Darcy flow related parameters. The stress sensitivity of tight-gas rocks is crucial when simulating such reservoirs. The stress dependency of the reservoir permeability impacts the productivity to a much higher degree than the fracture closure. A two-phase model is presented for the simulation of cleanup processes in terms of load water recovery. The fracturing fluid is treated as the water phase. The load water, causing hydraulic damage, hardly curtails productivity. To get considerable reductions in productivity, permeability in the fracture vicinity needs to be severely impaired. Due to the flow pattern, fractured wells are generally less sensitive against near wellbore damage than radial wells. An enhanced three-phase cleanup model is presented for the investigations of the polymer gel cleanup, incorporating a yield power law rheology (the Herschel-Bulkley model). The combined occurrence of loadwater recovery including capillary forces and the gel cleanup, are investigated for the first time. First results indicate that both processes are only weakly coupled. A new simulation methodology is presented to investigate underbalanced drilling, taking into account multi-phase reservoir flow with capillary forces. A sensitivity analysis points out that the degree of water encroachment is the key factor for a successful UBD operation. Countercurrent imbibition, causing water encroachment is also analysed. Hydraulic damage turns out to be far more pronounced in tight-gas formations.

Stuttgart, Univ., Diss., 2004.

One of the most common PET isotopes, 18F, is mainly produced in liquid targets. The production yield depends linearly on the proton beam current used. However, for a fixed proton-beam energy increasing the current of the proton beam results in depositing increasing amounts of heat into the enclosed water target chamber and eventually in its failure. Hence, understanding the thermodynamics of a water target chamber could lead to a target optimization, removing the maximum amount of heat to balance the pressure, increasing the yield and guaranteeing the stability and durability of the system. Work in modeling the thermodynamic processes in a liquid target has also been per-formed by other groups [1-3] and others such as Steinbach [4] have performed analytical analyses of thermal behavior.

Gegenstand der Arbeit ist die Entwicklung und Modellierung eines keramischen Filters zur Abscheidung von nichtmetallischen Teilchen aus Stahlschmelzen. Ausgehend von einem Konzept eines Umlenkabscheiders wurde dieser mit Hilfe von Experimenten und numerischen Berechnungen auf seine Wirkungsweise und Einsatzfähigkeit für größere Stahlmengen untersucht. Wassermodellversuche dienten zur Erfassung des Geschwindigkeitsfeldes und der Teilchenbewegungen. Durch Vergleich mit numerischen Berechnungen und die Variation von Parametern wurde die Abscheidewirkung des Filters untersucht. In Technikumsversuchen mit Flüssigstahl erfolgte die Verifizierung der Modellvorstellung aus den numerischen Berechnungen und Wassermodellexperimenten. Eine Abscheidung konnte qualitativ nachgewiesen werden. Die gewonnenen Ergebnisse führten zur Entwicklung und Patentierung eines neuen Typs des Einschlussabscheiders. Der neu entwickelte Spiralabscheider weist zahlreiche technologische Vorteile gegenüber dem Umlenkabscheider auf.

This dissertation investigates the effect of electromagnetic braking and gas injection on the fluid flow in a continuous casting slab mold numerically and makes verifications on basis of a small Liquid Metal Model for Continuous Casting of steel (mini-LIMMCAST). Numerical calculations were performed by means of the software package CFX with an implemented RANS-SST turbulence model. The non-isotropic nature of the MHD turbulence was taken into account by specific modifications of the turbulence model. The numerical results were validated by flow measurements at the mini-LIMMCAST facility. Numerical simulations disclose the damping effect on the flow closely depending on the wall conductance ratio. In addition, specific modifications of the turbulence model play a crucial role in reconstructing the peculiar phenomenon of an excitation of nonsteady, nonisotropic, large-scale flow perturbations caused by the application of the DC magnetic field.