No description available.

No description available.

No description available.

A P56S mutation in the VAPB MSP domain is linked to adult-onset amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 8. The objective of this study is to characterize the functional role of VAPB in transport of NE and NPC proteins from the ER to the NE. Over-expression of VAPB-P56S blocked the transport of nucleoporins (Nups) and NE proteins, resulting in their sequestration in dilated cytoplasmic membranes. Simultaneous overexpression of the FFAT motif (two phenylalanines in an acidic track) antagonizes mutant VAPB effects and restores transport to the NE. VAPB function is required for transport to the NE because knockdown of endogenous VAPB recapitulates this phenotype. Moreover, the compartment in which Nups and NE proteins are sequestered and retained was identified as ER-Golgi intermediate compartment (ERGIC). Moreover, a defect in the transport of NE and NPC proteins attenuates nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR). Further, VAPB-P56S which is only soluble in SDS was solubilized in the Triton-X-100 fraction similar to VAPB-WT upon co-transfection with the FFAT motif suggesting that FFAT interacts with the insoluble VAPB-P56S protein changing its biophysical properties.

Das elementare Kennzeichen der eukaryontischen Zelle ist der Zellkern, in welchem die Erbinformation in Form der DNA vorliegt. Dieser ist von einer äußeren Kernhülle umgeben, welche kontinuierlich in das endoplasmatische Retikulum übergeht. An der inneren Kernhülle setzt die Kernlamina an. Unterbrochen wird die Kernhülle durch die Kernporen. Diese bestehen aus Untereinheiten, welche als Nukleoporine bezeichnet werden. Eine wesentliche Aufgabe der Kernporen ist der Transport von Makromolekülen, welche durch spezifische Transportsignalsequenzen gekennzeichnet sind. Es mehren sich die Hinweise, dass die Nukleoporine nicht allein für den Kerntransport verantwortlich sind, sondern auch regulatorische Eigenschaften bei Mitose, der Expression von Proteinen und der Stabilisierung des Genoms übernehmen. Nach der Entdeckung der Philadelphia Translokation bei der chronisch myeloischen Leukämie wurden eine Reihe weiterer chromosomaler Translokationen im Rahmen von hämatologischen Neoplasien beschrieben. Hierbei sind auch Nukleoporine involviert. Es entstehen Fusionsproteine, welche ein neues Verteilungsmuster der Proteine erzeugen und möglicherweise auch neue Funktionen innehaben. Nup214/CAN ist ein Onkogen, welches in akuten myeloischen Leukämien mit einer chromosomalen Translokation einhergeht t(6;9). Diese Translokation t(6;9) ist mit einer schlechteren Prognose für den Patienten verbunden. Der genaue onkogene Mechanismus ist noch nicht ausreichend verstanden. Ziel dieser Doktorarbeit war die Frage, welches Verteilungsmuster Nup214 als Fusionsprotein mit einer veränderten NLS in Leukämiezellen der chromosomalen Translokation t(6;9) aufweist, zu beantworten. Zu diesem Zweck wurden die Fusionsproteinfragmente DEK, CAN Mitte und CAN 80/81 in E. coli exprimiert, aufgereinigt und der Herstellung eines spezifischen Antikörpers zugeführt. Hierzu wurden die mit den Proteinfragmenten transfizierten E. coli amplifiziert. Nach Lyse der Zellen wurden die Proteinfragmente elektrophoretisch getrennt und den ermittelten Molekulargewichten zugeordnet. Mit Hilfe einer Affinitätschromatographie und einem Proteintransfer auf Nitrozellulosemembran wurde mit polyvalentem Serum eine Affinitätsreinigung des Antikörpers durchgeführt. Dadurch konnten spezifische Antikörper generiert werden, welche in der Immunfloureszenz die physiologischen Verteilungsmuster zeigten. In einem nachfolgenden Schritt konnte in Kooperation mit dem Biologischen Institut Basel mittels Immuno-Gold-Lokalisation von Nup214/CAN in Leukämiezellen mit einer chromosomalen Translokation t(6;9) erstmalig die Lokalisation des Proteins auf zytoplasmatischer und nukleoplasmatischer Seite einer Kernpore gezeigt werden. Dies legt die Vermutung nahe, dass es durch diese Mislokalisation zu einer Störung des nukleären Transports kommen kann, der wiederum zu einem Wachstumsvorteil oder einer Inhibition der Apoptose der Leukämiezellen führt. / The cell nucleus is the fundamental hallmark in eukaryotic cells. It is surrounded by the outer nuclear membrane, which pass into the endoplasmic reticulum. The inner nuclear membrane is lined with the lamina. Nuclear pore complexes interrupt the nuclear membrane. Subunits are called nucleoporines. One major task is the transport of macromolecules with a determined transport sequence. There is evidence, that nucleoporines are not only responsible for the nucleocytoplasmatic transport. They are also involved in mitosis, stabilisation of the genome or protein expression. After discovery of the Philadelphia translocation in chronic myeloid leukaemia a number of other chromosomal translocation in haematological neoplasm were depicted. New types of fusion proteins Nucleoporines are described, which have a new distribution pattern and also might have new functions. The nuclear pore protein Nup214/CAN is an oncogene in acute myeloid leukaemia characterized by a (6;9)(p23;q34) chromosomal translocation. The detailed oncogenic mechanism is still not well known. The objective of this thesis was the distribution pattern of Nup214 in leukaemoid blasts. For this purpose fragments of the fusion protein DEK, CAN Mitte, and CAN 80/81 were expressed in E.coli in order to generate a specific purified antibody. For this transfected E.coli were multiplied. After lysis protein fragments of the fusion protein were electrophoretically separated and then matched to the calculated molecular weight. After affinity chromatographic purification and protein transfer via Western Blot affinity purification was performed. With this procedure affinity purified antibodies were assembled. In cooperation with the Biological Institute Basel, Switzerland in leukaemia cells with a (6;9)-translocation, but not in controll cells, antibodies labelled both sides of the nuclear pore complex, indicating a localization of the oncogenic DEK-CAN fusion protein on the nucleoplasmic side of the NPC. This can be seen to imply, that mislocalization of Nup214/CAN in the fusion protein to the nucleoplasmic surface of the pore might disturb transport equilibrium and therefore benefit cell growth or lead to inhibition of apoptosis.

A P56S mutation in the VAPB MSP domain is linked to adult-onset amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 8. The objective of this study is to characterize the functional role of VAPB in transport of NE and NPC proteins from the ER to the NE. Over-expression of VAPB-P56S blocked the transport of nucleoporins (Nups) and NE proteins, resulting in their sequestration in dilated cytoplasmic membranes. Simultaneous overexpression of the FFAT motif (two phenylalanines in an acidic track) antagonizes mutant VAPB effects and restores transport to the NE. VAPB function is required for transport to the NE because knockdown of endogenous VAPB recapitulates this phenotype. Moreover, the compartment in which Nups and NE proteins are sequestered and retained was identified as ER-Golgi intermediate compartment (ERGIC). Moreover, a defect in the transport of NE and NPC proteins attenuates nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR). Further, VAPB-P56S which is only soluble in SDS was solubilized in the Triton-X-100 fraction similar to VAPB-WT upon co-transfection with the FFAT motif suggesting that FFAT interacts with the insoluble VAPB-P56S protein changing its biophysical properties.

No description available.

A P56S mutation in the VAPB MSP domain is linked to adult-onset amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 8. The objective of this study is to characterize the functional role of VAPB in transport of NE and NPC proteins from the ER to the NE. Over-expression of VAPB-P56S blocked the transport of nucleoporins (Nups) and NE proteins, resulting in their sequestration in dilated cytoplasmic membranes. Simultaneous overexpression of the FFAT motif (two phenylalanines in an acidic track) antagonizes mutant VAPB effects and restores transport to the NE. VAPB function is required for transport to the NE because knockdown of endogenous VAPB recapitulates this phenotype. Moreover, the compartment in which Nups and NE proteins are sequestered and retained was identified as ER-Golgi intermediate compartment (ERGIC). Moreover, a defect in the transport of NE and NPC proteins attenuates nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR). Further, VAPB-P56S which is only soluble in SDS was solubilized in the Triton-X-100 fraction similar to VAPB-WT upon co-transfection with the FFAT motif suggesting that FFAT interacts with the insoluble VAPB-P56S protein changing its biophysical properties.

Chromosomal rearrangements of the nucleoporin genes NUP214 and NUP98 are recurrent in aggressive cases of acute myeloid and lymphoid leukemias. NUP214 and NUP98 are components of the nuclear pore complex, a giant multiprotein structure that mediates nucleocytoplasmic shuttling. The two nucleoporins are enriched in phenylalanine-glycine (FG) repeats, which form the NPC permeability barrier and are essential for the interaction with nuclear transport receptors. NUP214 and NUP98 exhibit high affinity for the nuclear export receptor chromosomal region maintenance 1 (CRM1), which, alone, mediates the nuclear export of thousands of proteins and ribonucleoproteins. In the first part of this project, we report that the leukemogenic fusion proteins SET-NUP214 and DEK-NUP214 affect nucleocytoplasmic transport by perturbing the localization of essential nuclear transport factors, including endogenous nucleoporins and CRM1 nuclear export complexes. We further demonstrate that the two fusion proteins are sensitive to CRM1 inhibition and that targeted inhibition of nuclear export is sufficient to reduce the cell viability and proliferation of patient-derived cell lines with SET-NUP214 and DEK-NUP214 rearrangements. In the second part of the project, we used proximity-dependent biotin identification (BioID) to study the landscape of the NUP98-HOXA9 and SET-NUP214 environments. Though distinct endogenous binding partners have been documented for NUP214 and NUP98 chimeras, their total interactome has not been fully disclosed. Our results suggest that both fusion proteins interact with major regulators of RNA processing, with translation-associated proteins, and that both chimeras perturb the transcriptional program of the tumor suppressor p53. We further purpose that the two fusion proteins affect distinct cellular processes. According to our results, NUP98-HOXA9 likely perturbs Wnt, MAPK and estrogen receptor signaling pathways, as well as the cytoskeleton, the latter likely due to its interaction with the nuclear export receptor CRM1. Conversely, SET-NUP214 appears to affect cellular metabolism, likely due to the interaction with mitochondrial proteins and metabolic regulators. Overall, this research project provided new data supporting that CRM1 might be a possible therapeutic target in NUP214-related leukemia and revealed new clues on the mechanistic actions of nucleoporin fusion proteins. Hence, our findings might be of particular relevance in the search of new druggable targets for the treatment of nucleoporin-related leukemia. / Doctorat en Sciences / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished