It is estimated that by 2020 there will be 2.8 million long-term care beds in residential facilities, staffed primarily with nursing assistants as the front-line care providers. The American Healthcare Association 2012 staffing survey showed that the median annual turnover rate for nursing assistants in the United States is 51.5%. High rates of turnover are associated not only with poorer quality of care but also with increased costs for facilities. The purpose of this project was to understand characteristics that are associated with long-term employment in the nursing assistant role by describing the personality characteristic of empathy in the nursing assistant population with career longevity. The practice-focused question focused on the level of empathy among nursing assistants in long-term care who have been in their role 3 years or longer. The purposive sample group included 60 nursing assistants from 10 long-term care facilities in New Jersey. Data were collected using the Interpersonal Reactivity Index instrument, which comprises 4, 7-item subscales that consider aspects of the global concept of empathy. The overall findings of this study did not establish a significant relationship between empathy and retention; however, notable shifts in the empathy subscale scores of participants related to gender and length of tenure were noted. The results of this study could promote positive social change by helping administrators select nursing assistants suited to working in long-term care facilities, which may result in lower turnover and improved patient outcomes among the population in long-term care.

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Bakgrund – Stress påverkar kroppen både fysiskt och psykiskt, för att stressen inte ska ge negativa effekter är det viktigt med återhämtning. Stress i arbetet är vanligt förekommande framförallt inom sjukvården och kan uppstå då det ställs höga krav på individen. För att undvika att stressen ska påverka individen används olika former av hanteringsstrategier, det kan vara allt från problemlösande- till emotionellstrategier. Syfte – Att beskriva vårdpersonalens hanteringsstrategier vid arbetsrelaterad stress. Metod – En litteraturstudie med elva kvalitativa studier inkluderades, dessa analyserades med hjälp av Forsberg och Wengström, inspirerad av metod för innehållsanalys. Resultat – Författarnas resultat visade på två kategorier, ”problemlösande hanteringsstrategier” och ”känslomässiga hanteringsstrategier”, samt åtta underkategorier, ”att söka, ge och erhålla stöd”, ”att prioritera och planera arbetet”, ”att utföra aktiviteter”, ”reflektion och pauser”, ”att använda humor”, ”ilska och undvikande”, ”substansanvändning” och ”andlighet och tro”. Konklusion – Omvårdnadsyrket är ett krävande område där stress är oundvikligt, därför är det viktigt att hantera den stress som uppkommer i arbetet för att kunna bibehålla fokus. Mer forskning på effektiva strategier för stresshantering krävs. / Background - Stress affects the body both physically and mentally, to avoid negative effects of stress, it’s important with recovery. Occupational stress is common especially in health care personal and can occur when there are high work demands on the individual. To avoid occupational stress affect on the individual the use of various forms of coping strategies, it can vary from problemsolving- to emotional coping strategies. Purpose - To describe healthcare personnel management of occupationalstress. Method - A Literaturereview with eleven qualitative studies were included, these were analyzed by Forsberg and Wengströms, inspired by the method of content analysis. Results - The authors' results demonstrated in two categories, "problemsolving coping strategies" and "emotional coping strategies" and eight subcategories, "to seek, give and receive support", "to prioritize and plan work", "to perform activities", "reflection and breaks","use of humor", "anger and avoidance", "substance use" and "spirituality and faith". Conclusion – The nursing profession is a demanding area where stress is inevitable, therefore it is important to manage the stress that arises in the workplace in order to maintain focus. More research on effective strategies for stress management is required.

Bakgrund – Stress påverkar kroppen både fysiskt och psykiskt, för att stressen inte ska ge negativa effekter är det viktigt med återhämtning. Stress i arbetet är vanligt förekommande framförallt inom sjukvården och kan uppstå då det ställs höga krav på individen. För att undvika att stressen ska påverka individen används olika former av hanteringsstrategier, det kan vara allt från problemlösande- till emotionellstrategier. Syfte – Att beskriva vårdpersonalens hanteringsstrategier vid arbetsrelaterad stress. Metod – En litteraturstudie med elva kvalitativa studier inkluderades, dessa analyserades med hjälp av Forsberg och Wengström, inspirerad av metod för innehållsanalys. Resultat – Författarnas resultat visade på två kategorier, ”problemlösande hanteringsstrategier” och ”känslomässiga hanteringsstrategier”, samt åtta underkategorier, ”att söka, ge och erhålla stöd”, ”att prioritera och planera arbetet”, ”att utföra aktiviteter”, ”reflektion och pauser”, ”att använda humor”, ”ilska och undvikande”, ”substansanvändning” och ”andlighet och tro”. Konklusion – Omvårdnadsyrket är ett krävande område där stress är oundvikligt, därför är det viktigt att hantera den stress som uppkommer i arbetet för att kunna bibehålla fokus. Mer forskning på effektiva strategier för stresshantering krävs. / Background - Stress affects the body both physically and mentally, to avoid negative effects of stress, it’s important with recovery. Occupational stress is common especially in health care personal and can occur when there are high work demands on the individual. To avoid occupational stress affect on the individual the use of various forms of coping strategies, it can vary from problemsolving- to emotional coping strategies. Purpose - To describe healthcare personnel management of occupationalstress. Method - A Literaturereview with eleven qualitative studies were included, these were analyzed by Forsberg and Wengströms, inspired by the method of content analysis. Results - The authors' results demonstrated in two categories, "problemsolving coping strategies" and "emotional coping strategies" and eight subcategories, "to seek, give and receive support", "to prioritize and plan work", "to perform activities", "reflection and breaks","use of humor", "anger and avoidance", "substance use" and "spirituality and faith". Conclusion – The nursing profession is a demanding area where stress is inevitable, therefore it is important to manage the stress that arises in the workplace in order to maintain focus. More research on effective strategies for stress management is required.

As enfermarias de Psiquiatria em hospitais gerais articulam-se com a proposta da reforma psiquiátrica, na tentativa de evitar internações longas e, conseqüentemente, o hospitalismo e a cronificação gerada pelos hospitais psiquiátricos tradicionais. A internação deve ser indicada após todos os recursos extra-hospitalares mostrarem-se insuficientes e o tratamento deve oferecer assistência integral e trabalhar em prol da reinserção social. Para tanto, é necessário que o paciente seja atendido por uma equipe multidisciplinar, em que todos são igualmente responsáveis pela assistência e pelo bemestar do paciente. Nessa perspectiva, os técnicos e auxiliares de enfermagem desempenham papéis importantes, pois permanecem mais tempo em contato com os pacientes e têm a oportunidade de observar, obter a confiança, interagir com eles e, conseqüentemente, colaborar para a melhoria da assistência em Psiquiatria e em Saúde Mental. A presente pesquisa é um estudo de caso de natureza qualitativo-descritivo e exploratório. Tem como objetivo investigar a atuação dos trabalhadores de enfermagem de nível médio que trabalham na enfermaria do Setor de Psiquiatria de um hospital público em Uberlândia, Minas Gerais. Os sujeitos foram os técnicos e auxiliares de enfermagem que trabalham no local de estudo. Para coleta de dados, foi utilizada a observação participante e a entrevista semi-estruturada gravada em fitas cassetes. A análise foi feita a partir das transcrições das fitas, organização, classificação dos dados e a análise final, que se deu a partir da discussão à luz dos conhecimentos produzidos na área. Os resultados envolvem a caracterização dos sujeitos; descrição do setor e das atividades desenvolvidas pelos sujeitos e as facilidades e dificuldades encontrados por eles para o desenvolvimento de suas atividades. A pesquisa apontou que a maioria dos trabalhadores não escolheram trabalhar no local, foram designados para o setor após aprovação em concurso e não têm preparo específico na área. Os sujeitos definem o doente mental como uma pessoa que sofre por causa das particularidades da doença e pelo preconceito social. Suas atividades são caracterizadas pela divisão de tarefas e por um trabalho repetitivo e mecanizado e têm como objetivo atender as necessidades do setor e de outros profissionais. A facilidade encontrada foi o bom relacionamento entre os membros da equipe de enfermagem e as dificuldades estão relacionadas à \"característica da instituição\" e às dificuldades estão relacionadas às \"particularidades do trabalho da enfermagem psiquiátrica\". Considera-se a necessidade da valorização do técnico e auxiliar de enfermagem em todos os momentos do processo de trabalho, para que haja, de fato, as transformações necessárias à assistência em Saúde Mental. / Psychiatric nurses in general hospitals are engaged to the proposal of a psychiatric reformulation, in order to prevent extensive internments and the consequent hospitalism and the chronic situation generated by traditional psychiatric clinics. Internment must only be indicated after all the extra-hospital resources had been shown insufficient and, in these cases, treatment has to give a whole assistance as well to lead to a patient social reinsertion. For that, the patient must to be treated by a multidisciplinary staff, in which everyone is equally responsible for the assistance and for the patient well-being. Under this point of view, nurse technicians and assistants play an important hole, for they have a longer contact with the patients, and they have the chance to observe, to gain confidence, interact with them and, as a consequence, collaborate to the attendance improvement in Psychiatry and Mental Health. This investigation is a qualitative, descriptive and exploratory case study whose aim is to search the behavior of middle level nurse workers at a public hospital Psychiatric infirmary in Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Technicians and assistants who work in the study place were the search subjects. To collect. For collecting data, participant observation and tape recorded semi-structured interviews were used. After tape transcription, the analysis was done from discussion based on previous literature. The results involve the subject characterization, description of the work sector and of the activities done by them, as well facilities and difficulties found during the realization of the activities and reported by them in the interviews. Most of the workers did not choose to work in that place, because they were designated to that department after being approved in a public selection and they have no specific training in the area. They define mental sick persons as an individual who suffers due to the illness particularities and to social prejudice. Nurse activities are characterized by task division and by a repetitive and mechanic work whose aim is to attend the department and other professional demands. Good relationship among the members of the team was a positive aspect in the search; among the problems, one may point institution character and particular aspects in psychiatric nurse work. The demands of a technician valorization have to be concerned in every stage in the work process, in order to get real decisive transformations in Mental Health assistance.

It is a well-known fact that nurses generally work in challenging circumstances. Within the South-African context, a developing country, factors such as shortages of staff, lack of training and crowded hospitals are common occurrences. Large amounts of South-African-born nurses leave the country, or even the profession, with the hope of better career opportunities. The nurses that are left behind, automatically experience more pressure as their already heavy workload increases further. Staff shortages, which is a general problem in the nursing profession, is a great contributing factor to stress, as nurses sometimes need to work outside their scope of practice. A so-called "multi-skill" setup is then created, such as the Level-Two hospital where this research was conducted, where staff members did not necessarily receive formal training to carry out the tasks that are required from them. Multi-tasking from them then results in the nurse having to divide her attention. The above mentioned circumstances cause a great deal of stress for the nurse working within this setup. The aim of this research was to explore and describe the experience of nurses working in the multi-skill setup, as well as to explore and describe the nurses' view of effective coping mechanisms within the multi-skill setup, and to suggest guidelines for enhancing the emotional well-being of the nurse within the multi-skill setup. A purposive sample was conducted according to a list of inclusion criteria. The sample constituted of registered nurses, enrolled nurses, as well as enrolled nursing assistants employed at the particular Level-Two hospital in Gauteng. Semi-structured interviews were used in order to collect the richest data possible. Each of the interviews was recorded on digital compact discs, so that it could be transcribed verbatim. Data saturation was reached after ten interviews and the researcher analyzed the data, together with an independent co-coder. Consensus was reached between the researcher and the co-coder with regards to their individual analyses. Four main categories, each with their own sub-categories, were identified and discussed together with a literature control; namely; the experience of the multi-skill setup as positive, the experience of the multi-skill setup as negative, personal coping mechanisms within the multi-skill setup, as well as suggestions for the enhancing of the emotional well-being of the nurse within the multi-skill setup. Recommendations were formulated by the researcher relating to nursing research, nursing education, as well as to nursing practice. / Thesis (M.Cur.)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2009.

It is a well-known fact that nurses generally work in challenging circumstances. Within the South-African context, a developing country, factors such as shortages of staff, lack of training and crowded hospitals are common occurrences. Large amounts of South-African-born nurses leave the country, or even the profession, with the hope of better career opportunities. The nurses that are left behind, automatically experience more pressure as their already heavy workload increases further. Staff shortages, which is a general problem in the nursing profession, is a great contributing factor to stress, as nurses sometimes need to work outside their scope of practice. A so-called "multi-skill" setup is then created, such as the Level-Two hospital where this research was conducted, where staff members did not necessarily receive formal training to carry out the tasks that are required from them. Multi-tasking from them then results in the nurse having to divide her attention. The above mentioned circumstances cause a great deal of stress for the nurse working within this setup. The aim of this research was to explore and describe the experience of nurses working in the multi-skill setup, as well as to explore and describe the nurses' view of effective coping mechanisms within the multi-skill setup, and to suggest guidelines for enhancing the emotional well-being of the nurse within the multi-skill setup. A purposive sample was conducted according to a list of inclusion criteria. The sample constituted of registered nurses, enrolled nurses, as well as enrolled nursing assistants employed at the particular Level-Two hospital in Gauteng. Semi-structured interviews were used in order to collect the richest data possible. Each of the interviews was recorded on digital compact discs, so that it could be transcribed verbatim. Data saturation was reached after ten interviews and the researcher analyzed the data, together with an independent co-coder. Consensus was reached between the researcher and the co-coder with regards to their individual analyses. Four main categories, each with their own sub-categories, were identified and discussed together with a literature control; namely; the experience of the multi-skill setup as positive, the experience of the multi-skill setup as negative, personal coping mechanisms within the multi-skill setup, as well as suggestions for the enhancing of the emotional well-being of the nurse within the multi-skill setup. Recommendations were formulated by the researcher relating to nursing research, nursing education, as well as to nursing practice. / Thesis (M.Cur.)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2009.

As enfermarias de Psiquiatria em hospitais gerais articulam-se com a proposta da reforma psiquiátrica, na tentativa de evitar internações longas e, conseqüentemente, o hospitalismo e a cronificação gerada pelos hospitais psiquiátricos tradicionais. A internação deve ser indicada após todos os recursos extra-hospitalares mostrarem-se insuficientes e o tratamento deve oferecer assistência integral e trabalhar em prol da reinserção social. Para tanto, é necessário que o paciente seja atendido por uma equipe multidisciplinar, em que todos são igualmente responsáveis pela assistência e pelo bemestar do paciente. Nessa perspectiva, os técnicos e auxiliares de enfermagem desempenham papéis importantes, pois permanecem mais tempo em contato com os pacientes e têm a oportunidade de observar, obter a confiança, interagir com eles e, conseqüentemente, colaborar para a melhoria da assistência em Psiquiatria e em Saúde Mental. A presente pesquisa é um estudo de caso de natureza qualitativo-descritivo e exploratório. Tem como objetivo investigar a atuação dos trabalhadores de enfermagem de nível médio que trabalham na enfermaria do Setor de Psiquiatria de um hospital público em Uberlândia, Minas Gerais. Os sujeitos foram os técnicos e auxiliares de enfermagem que trabalham no local de estudo. Para coleta de dados, foi utilizada a observação participante e a entrevista semi-estruturada gravada em fitas cassetes. A análise foi feita a partir das transcrições das fitas, organização, classificação dos dados e a análise final, que se deu a partir da discussão à luz dos conhecimentos produzidos na área. Os resultados envolvem a caracterização dos sujeitos; descrição do setor e das atividades desenvolvidas pelos sujeitos e as facilidades e dificuldades encontrados por eles para o desenvolvimento de suas atividades. A pesquisa apontou que a maioria dos trabalhadores não escolheram trabalhar no local, foram designados para o setor após aprovação em concurso e não têm preparo específico na área. Os sujeitos definem o doente mental como uma pessoa que sofre por causa das particularidades da doença e pelo preconceito social. Suas atividades são caracterizadas pela divisão de tarefas e por um trabalho repetitivo e mecanizado e têm como objetivo atender as necessidades do setor e de outros profissionais. A facilidade encontrada foi o bom relacionamento entre os membros da equipe de enfermagem e as dificuldades estão relacionadas à \"característica da instituição\" e às dificuldades estão relacionadas às \"particularidades do trabalho da enfermagem psiquiátrica\". Considera-se a necessidade da valorização do técnico e auxiliar de enfermagem em todos os momentos do processo de trabalho, para que haja, de fato, as transformações necessárias à assistência em Saúde Mental. / Psychiatric nurses in general hospitals are engaged to the proposal of a psychiatric reformulation, in order to prevent extensive internments and the consequent hospitalism and the chronic situation generated by traditional psychiatric clinics. Internment must only be indicated after all the extra-hospital resources had been shown insufficient and, in these cases, treatment has to give a whole assistance as well to lead to a patient social reinsertion. For that, the patient must to be treated by a multidisciplinary staff, in which everyone is equally responsible for the assistance and for the patient well-being. Under this point of view, nurse technicians and assistants play an important hole, for they have a longer contact with the patients, and they have the chance to observe, to gain confidence, interact with them and, as a consequence, collaborate to the attendance improvement in Psychiatry and Mental Health. This investigation is a qualitative, descriptive and exploratory case study whose aim is to search the behavior of middle level nurse workers at a public hospital Psychiatric infirmary in Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Technicians and assistants who work in the study place were the search subjects. To collect. For collecting data, participant observation and tape recorded semi-structured interviews were used. After tape transcription, the analysis was done from discussion based on previous literature. The results involve the subject characterization, description of the work sector and of the activities done by them, as well facilities and difficulties found during the realization of the activities and reported by them in the interviews. Most of the workers did not choose to work in that place, because they were designated to that department after being approved in a public selection and they have no specific training in the area. They define mental sick persons as an individual who suffers due to the illness particularities and to social prejudice. Nurse activities are characterized by task division and by a repetitive and mechanic work whose aim is to attend the department and other professional demands. Good relationship among the members of the team was a positive aspect in the search; among the problems, one may point institution character and particular aspects in psychiatric nurse work. The demands of a technician valorization have to be concerned in every stage in the work process, in order to get real decisive transformations in Mental Health assistance.