Master of Science / Department of Biological & Agricultural Engineering / Philip L. Barnes / Water quality in the United States needs to be improved. Currently, 42% (39% of rivers and streams, 45% of lakes and reservoirs) of monitored surface water is considered impaired, indicating that it is no longer suitable for its designated uses such as drinking, recreation, habitat, food supply, agriculture, and ground water recharge (USEPA, 2000, Carpenter et al., 1998). Nonpoint source pollution can be associated with animal manure. This project focuses on two sources of nonpoint source pollution. The first source is runoff from soils that have been enriched in nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus) by manure application. This project evaluates how effective Alfalfa is at removal of nitrogen and phosphorus from nutrient enriched soils. It also evaluates the use of USDA’s Plant Nutrient model in association with nutrient management plans to prevent enrichment of soils. It was determined that Alfalfa is effective in reduction of nitrogen in soils; however, it was not feasible as a stand alone practice to remediate phosphorus. The use of USDA’s Plant Nutrient model indicated that Corn for silage is the most effective crop for reduction of soil phosphorus while alfalfa and the yields produced in 2004 was the most effective in reduction nitrogen. However, the model tends to underestimate soil nutrient uptake, so it is important to have soil tests conducted periodically to prevent nutrient deficiencies. The second source of nonpoint pollution discussed is runoff from animal feeding operations. This paper evaluates the effects of grass filter strips in prevention of pollution transport off of animal feeding operations. It was determined that filter strips with a ratio of runoff area to filter area of 1:2 is the minimum ratio to effectively prevent nonpoint source pollution.

Worldwide, coral cover has declined at rates that have often exceeded 5% per year since the 1980’s. Populations of scleractinians (stony corals) in the Florida Keys reef tract have declined as well, with some communities declining at rates > 3% per year. Decreased water quality (e.g., steady increases in the ocean water temperatures and increased pollution, nutrients, or water turbidity due to coastal runoff) are commonly attributed to this decline. But actual linkages between variability and trends in these environmental parameters, and in stony coral diversity and ecosystem functions such as net community production, have not yet been well characterized. With this research, I examined the influence of water quality (water temperature, nutrients and turbidity) on stony coral diversity and net community productivity in shallow-water reef ecosystems of the Florida Keys between 1996 and 2010. Differences in stony coral diversity in Florida Keys patch reefs with respect to sea surface temperature (SST) variability are evaluated in Chapter Two. Habitat-specific differences in stony coral diversity with respect to changes in a suite of environmental parameters (water turbidity, nutrients, water temperature and depth) are addressed in Chapter Three. Differences in daytime net community production and light-adapted stony coral photosynthetic efficiencies among three reef sites with different turbidity levels and seasons (May and October) are presented in Chapter Four. Environmental parameters examined to characterize the differences in stony coral diversity across the Florida Reef Tract included satellite-derived sea surface temperature [SST] and Degree Heating Weeks [DHWs], field observations of bio-optical properties of the water, and nutrient concentrations. These parameters were compared with live coral cover and species richness, net community production, and coral photo-physiological observations. In Chapter Two, I found that stony coral cover and diversity was higher in patch reefs of the Florida Keys relative to offshore and deeper reefs. Generally, patch reefs were characterized by intermediate to high SST variability (≥7.0°C2). Intermediate SST variance (7.0–10.9°C2) was correlated with higher diversity indices for patch reefs of the Upper (Shannon Diversity: 1.2–1.5) and Middle Keys (Species Richness: 13–19), suggesting that stony coral species in these habitats are either adapted to intermediate temperature ranges or thermal acclimation has taken place for individual colonies. Additionally, I found that found that years for which cold and warm-water extremes coincided (i.e., highest SST variance), such as 1997-98 and 2009-2010, led to significant reductions in both H’ and SR. Coral bleaching and mortality were associated with exposure to cold- and warm-water temperature extremes and the combination of both extremes were associated with reductions in stony coral diversity. The highest species richness and abundance were found in patch reefs of the Middle Keys, despite exposure to the warmest water-temperature anomaly events (as indicated by DHWs exceeding the coral bleaching threshold of 4) observed during the summers of 1998 and 2010. In Chapter Three, I found that the environmental parameters that best explained the differences in stony coral diversity (species composition and abundance) on patch reefs of the Florida Keys were water turbidity, nutrients, surface water temperature, % surface oxygen saturation and chlorophyll a concentrations averaged over a period of 24 months, along with depth (F = 4.4, R2 = 0.66, R2adj. = 0.40, p < 0.05). Surface water turbidity and depth were the most relevant environmental parameters driving the differences in stony coral diversity (R2 = 0.17, p < 0.05, R2 = 0.10, p < 0.05, respectively). The influence of these environmental parameters decreased towards offshore shallow and deep reefs. In the Florida Keys, stony coral diversity was the highest at patch reefs of the Middle and Lower Keys where exposed to higher water turbidity and nutrients than those in the Upper Keys located in clearer waters. This suggests that, at long-term scales, corals in patch reef environments exposed to higher water turbidity and water temperature variabilities (as reported in Chapter Two) might be better able to withstand thermal and light-induced stress. Moreover, a short-term study (described in Chapter Four) indicated that the net community production (NEP) was similar among sites with different water turbidity levels (i.e., Cheeca Rocks and Crocker Reef; Upper Keys and Sugarloaf Key; Lower Keys) and seasons (May or October). However, the light-adapted photosynthetic efficiencies (F/Fm’) varied spatiotemporally. The highest F/Fm’ values (0.57–0.69) were found at the nearshore patch reef of Sugarloaf Key, Lower Keys, in October 2012. At this patch reef, high light attenuation (Kd (488) = 0.12 m-1) was associated with absorption by colored dissolved organic matter and exacerbated by particulates following thunderstorms. The lowest F/Fm’ values ( This study represents a baseline against which future observations on coral reef biodiversity and net community production in the Florida Keys reef tract may be evaluated.

Les diatomées sont des micro-algues qui participent à hauteur de 35 à 75 % à la production primaire océanique et qui sont les acteurs majeurs du cycle biogéochimique du silicium (Si) dans l’océan. Comprendre les mécanismes qui affectent la dissolution de la silice biogénique (bSiO2) constituant le frustule des diatomées est nécessaire afin d’améliorer la compréhension du cycle océanique du Si. En période estivale, la majorité de l’océan ouvert est limitée par de faibles disponibilités en éléments nutritifs. Les travaux réalisés dans cette thèse ont donc pour objectif majeur d’étudier l’effet de l’environnement nutritionnel des diatomées sur la dissolution et l’export de silice biogénique (bSiO2). Cette étude s’est focalisée sur les limitations en fer (Fe), en Si et en azote (N), c'est-à-dire sur les éléments nutritifs dont les faibles concentrations en période estivale limitent la production de diatomées dans une grande majorité de l’océan mondial. Une des originalités de cette thèse consiste en l’étude de la limitation en cuivre (Cu), dont les impacts sur la composition élémentaire et la dissolution des diatomées ont été peu étudiés. Les effets des conditions limitantes en micronutriments ont été étudiés sur la diatomée pennée Pseudo-nitzschia delicatissima tandis que les limitations en macronutriments ont été étudiées sur la diatomée centrique Thalassiosira weissflogii. La première étape de ce travail a consisté en l'étude de l'effet de conditions nutritives limitantes sur deux échelles du frustule des diatomées : celle de la cellule, avec l’étude du degré de silicification des diatomées, et celle du frustule, avec l’étude de sa structure et sa composition fine, au moyen de la spectroscopie InfraRouge à Transformée de Fourier (IRTF). La seconde étape de ce travail a consisté en l’étude du devenir post-mortem de ces cellules à travers l’étude de la cinétique de dissolution de la bSiO2 constituant leur frustule. Les résultats obtenus par IRTF indiquent clairement qu’à la plasticité du contenu global en bSiO2 du frustule des diatomées, s’ajoute la plasticité du frustule à l’échelle moléculaire, en fonction des conditions de croissance. Le degré d’organisation et le degré de réactivité du réseau siliceux sont tous deux affectés par l’environnement nutritif des diatomées. La quantité relative de matière organique associée au frustule varie également avec la disponibilité des éléments nutritifs. A travers ces changements, l’environnement nutritionnel affecte la dissolution du frustule des diatomées qui, dans les six expériences de dissolution, se déroulent en deux étapes, illustrant la composition biphasique du frustule. Les résultats indiquent que les conditions de croissance vont affecter la proportion et les vitesses de dissolution de la bSiO2 de ces phases. Par la modification des propriétés intrinsèques des phases de bSiO2, le frustule des diatomées limitées en nutriments auront une propension à la dissolution moins importante que celle des diatomées non-limitées. De ce fait, l’environnement nutritif des diatomées affecte l’export de bSiO2. Pour P. delicatissima, seuls 9 % de la bSiO2 initiale des cellules non limitées sont préservés après 22 jours de dissolution, tandis qu’environ 25 % sont préservés en cas de carence stricte en Cu ou de limitation en Fe durant la croissance. Les frustules de T. weissflogii limitées en macronutriment sont également mieux préservés après un mois de dissolution, avec 41 % et 51 % de la bSiO2 initiale restante pour les cellules majoritairement limitées en Si ou en N, respectivement, comparés au 20 % de préservation pour les cellules non-limitées. Ces résultats suggèrent que la dissolution de la silice dans les modèles globaux de l’océan pourrait être mieux paramétrée en tenant compte (i) de la cinétique de dissolution des deux phases de silice biogénique et (ii) de la meilleure préservation de la bSiO2 des cellules limitées en nutriments. / Diatoms are microalgae that contribute up to 75% of oceanic primary production and are major players in the oceanic biogeochemical silicon (Si) cycle. Understanding the mechanisms affecting the biogenic silica (bSiO2), constituting the diatom frustule, is necessary to improve the understanding of oceanic Si cycling. In summer, most of the open ocean is limited by low nutrient availability. Thus, the main objective of this thesis is to study the effect of diatom nutritional environment on biogenic silica (bSiO2) dissolution and export. This study focused on iron (Fe), Si and nitrogen (N) limitations, i.e. nutrients whose low concentrations during summer limit diatom production in the majority of the world ocean. One originality of this thesis is to study the copper (Cu) limitation, whose impact on the elemental composition and dissolution of diatoms has rarely been studied. The effects of micronutrient limiting conditions were studied on the pennate diatom Pseudo-nitzschia delicatissima while macronutrient limiting conditions were studied on the centric diatom Thalassiosira weissflogii. The first stage of this work was to study the effect of nutrient limiting conditions at two different scales of diatoms frustule: the cell scale, with the study of the silicification degree of diatoms, and the frustule scale, with the study of its structure and composition using Fourier Transform InfraRed spectroscopy (FTIR). The second stage of this work consisted of the study of the diatom post-mortem fate through the study of the dissolution kinetics of bSiO2 from diatom frustule. The FTIR results clearly indicate that, in addition to the plasticity of global bSiO2 content, diatom frustule also has plasticity at the molecular scale, depending on growth conditions. The organization degree and the reactivity degree of the silica lattice are both affected by diatom nutritional environment. The relative amount of organic matter associated with frustule is also affected by nutrient availability. Through these changes, the nutritional environment affects the dissolution of diatom frustules, which showed a two-stage dissolution in all six dissolution experiments, illustrating the biphasic composition of the frustule. The results indicate that the growth conditions affect both the proportion and the dissolution rates of these bSiO2 phases. By changing the intrinsic properties of the bSiO2 phases, nutrient limited-frustules will be dissolving less than non-limited diatom frustule. Therefore, the diatom nutrient environment affects bSiO2 export. In P. delicatissima, only 9 % of the initial bSiO2 remained from replete cells at the end of the twenty-two days dissolution experiment, while about 25 % remained from Cu-starved and Fe-limited cells. Macronutrient-limited T. weissflogii were also more preserved after one month of dissolution with 41 % and 51 % of the initial bSiO2 remaining for cells predominantly Si- or N-limited, respectively, whereas 20% of the initial bSiO2 was preserved in replete cells. These results suggest that the biogenic silica dissolution in global ocean models could be better parameterized taking into account (i) the dissolution kinetics of the two bSiO2 phases and (ii) an enhanced bSiO2 preservation of nutrient-limited cells.

Thawing permafrost – in the form of shoreline retrogressive thaw slump events – influence adjacent arctic tundra lake systems near Inuvik, NT. Slump-affected lakes demonstrated lower organic matter and key nutrients such as phosphorus (P), as well as greater water clarity. Key terrestrial permafrost soil indicators such as U, Sr, and Li, were identified to be elevated in slump-affected lakes, while other more biologically important metals (e.g. Fe, Mn) were significantly lower in affected lakes. These physical-chemical changes led to increasing P-limitation for both phytoplankton and periphyton, resulting in lower phytoplankton biomass (Chl-a). Using P as covariate in ANCOVA analysis, slump-affected lakes were also lower in phytoplankton biomass (Chl-a) relative to other study landscapes across the Canadian low-Arctic. Slump-affected lakes also exhibited lower organic matter leading to lower overall Hg concentrations within slump-affected lakes. However, this same reduction in dissolved organic carbon (DOC) has also led to an increase in bioavailable Hg, and increased bioaccumulation of Hg in both periphyton as well as macroinvertebrate species in our most disturbed lakes with DOC concentrations less than 6 and 9 mg DOC/L, respectively. A negative correlation between Hg bioaccumulation and DOC above these concentrations was also observed, and is the typical condition within reference lakes. The legacy impacts of mining were also observed in lakes within 25 km of the Giant Mine roaster stack in the Yellowknife region. Increases in both arsenic (As) and methyl mercury were measured in lakes nearer to the mine, with As concentrations well above water quality guidelines in lakes within 17 km of the roaster stack. This research highlights the necessity of baseline environmental monitoring prior to resource development, as well as the potential for compounded influences of such development within sensitive permafrost regions exposed to thawing.

Orientador: José Teixeira Filho / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Geociências / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-27T14:07:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Guirao_AngelaCruz_D.pdf: 20763257 bytes, checksum: a624c83476fcd33630d7047830cd1e50 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015 / Resumo: Sob a perspectiva do reflexo das atividades antrópicas na ciclagem de nutrientes em fragmentos florestais, este estudo tem como objetivo analisar os processos hidrológicos e biogeoquímicos nas interfaces atmosfera-planta-solo em duas bacias hidrográficas (B1 e B2) com predominância de cobertura florestal na Área de Relevante Interesse Ecológico Mata de Santa Genebra, em Campinas¿SP, mas em um contexto urbano-agrícola. Para atingir esse objetivo calculou-se o balanço hídrico das referidas bacias, pelo monitoramento da chuva incidente, chuva interna, interceptação pela serrapilheira e escoamento superficial. Em todas estas parcelas, analisou-se a transferência de N e P. Também foram consideradas as seguintes variáveis: características da vegetação, produção, taxa de decomposição e nutrientes da serrapilheira e o Índice de Área Foliar (IAF). O IAF medido em campo e expandido para as áreas de estudo, foi relacionado às variáveis monitoradas, com uso de ferramenta de geoprocessamento para mudança de escala para as bacias. Os balanços foram determinados nas bacias para o ano de 2013, totalizando 1143 mm de chuva incidente (PI), sendo que a chuva interna da cobertura vegetal (PC) correspondeu em B1 a 77% e a interceptação (IC) a 23% e em B2 a 76% e 24% respectivamente. A chuva interna da serrapilheira (PS) representou 86,8% de PC e a parcela interceptada (IS) pelas folhas mortas a 13,2% em B1. Em B2, a relação entre PS e PC foi de 86,3% e IS correspondeu a 13,7%. O escoamento superficial representou 18% e 15% e as perdas 48,5 e 50% de PI, em B1 e B2 respectivamente. A produção média de serrapilheira foi de 7,93 ton.ha¿1.ano¿1, tendo seu maior pico em setembro de 2013. A taxa de decomposição (K) obtida para o material foliar foi de 0,7, com o tempo para decomposição de 50% do material estimado em 339 dias e o tempo de renovação em 2,3 anos. A ciclagem de nutrientes pela serrapilheira foi analisada por meio da concentração, transferência anual e Eficiência no Uso do Nutriente. A concentração dos elementos na serrapilheira total anual produzida correspondeu à seguinte ordem decrescente: N>Ca>K>Mg>S>P. A transferência anual dos nutrientes via serrapilheira ao solo foi de 341,2 kg.ha-1ano-1 e o EUN apresentou a sequência P>S>Mg>Ca>K>N. O fluxo de N e P aumentou em relação à chuva incidente, ao passar pelo dossel sendo estimados em 10,2 e 10,3 kg.ha-1.ano-1, respectivamente nas bacias B1 e B2, e N total foi de 37,8 e 38,7 kg.ha-1.ano-1. Na chuva interna da serrapilheira, a contribuição de P em B1 foi de 14,3 e, em B2,14,4 kg.ha-1.ano-1. Para o N, os valores foram menores que ao passar por PC, 32,5 (B1) e 33 kg.ha-1.ano-1 (B2). A modelagem hidrológica, em função do Índice de Área Foliar mostrou-se uma ferramente adequada para mudança de escala dos dados obtidos pelos coletores para as bacias hidrográficas, permitindo uma análise e entendimento dos processos biogeoquímico e hidrológico na escala temporal e espacial. / Abstract: From the perspective of reflection of human activities on nutrient cycling in forest fragments, this study aims to analyze the hydrological and biogeochemical process in the atmosphere-plant-soil interfaces in two watersheds (B1 and B2), with predominance of forest cover in the Area of Relevant Ecological Interest Mata de Santa Genebra (ARIE MSG), in Campinas (SP, Brazil), focused on an urban-rural context. To achieve the stabilished goal, the water balance of these watersheds was calculated, by monitoring the incident rain, throughfall, interception by litterfall, and runoff. With an analytical aproach, the transfer of N and P was analyzed. The following variables were considered as well: vegetation characteristics, production, decomposition rate and nutrients from the litterfall and the Leaf Area Index (LAI). The LAI, measured in the field and scientifically expanded to the areas of study, was related to the monitored variables, using geoprocessing tools to change the scale for the basis. The balances were determined for the watersheds in 2013, totalizing 1143 mm of rainfall (PI), within the vegetation cover throughfall (PC) corresponding to 77% and the interception (CI) to 23% in B1, and to 76% and 24% respectively in B2. The litterfall throughfall (PS) represented 86,8% of PC and the intercepted portion (IS) by dead leafs, 13.2% in B1. On the other hand, the ratio of PS and PC was of 86.3% and the IS corresponded to 13.7% in B2. The runoff performed 18 and 15% and the losses, 48.5 e 50%, in B1 and B2, respectively. The average production of litterfall was 7.93 ton.ha-1.year-1 and the peak production was observed in September 2013. The decomposition rate (K) obtained for the leaf material was 0.7, with time for decomposing 50% of the material estimated in 339 days and renewal time of leaf material in 2.3 years. The cycling of nutrients by the litterfall was analyzed in terms of concentration, annual transfer and Efficient Use of Nutrient (EUN). The elements concentration in the total annual litterfall produced were concluded to follow a descending order: N>Ca>K>Mg>S>P. The nutrients annual transfer to the ground through litterfall was of 341.2 kg.ha-1.year-1 and the EUN presented the sequence: P>S>Mg>Ca>K>N. The N and P flow increased relatively to incident rain while passing through the canopy, being estimated at 10.2 and 10.3 kg.ha-1.year-1, respectively in the watersheds B1 and B2, and the total N was 37.8 and 38.7 kg.ha-1.year-1. In litterfall throughfall, it was 14.3 in B1 14.4 kg.ha-1.year-1 in B2. To N, the values was minor: 32.5 (B1) e 33 kg.ha-1.year-1 (B2). The hydrological modelling based on the Leaf Area Index was proved to be a suitable tool for scaling the data obtained by the watersheds collectors, allowing the assertive analysis and full understanding of biogeochemical and hydrological processes in both time and spatial scales / Doutorado / Análise Ambiental e Dinâmica Territorial / Doutora em Ciências

Made available in DSpace on 2016-05-02T13:54:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DissertacaoTulioMarcosDiasdaSilva.pdf: 868187 bytes, checksum: ed3c71f9934684df0bde54a00284f32f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-05-23 / Informatics can be helpful in the search of increased effectiveness and professionalism in tomato cultivation. The State of Minas Gerais is a major producer in Brazil. The purpose of this paper was to develop a software for use via internet with a friendly interface and intuitive navigation, to be employed as a tool for recommending liming and fertilization to tomato cultivation based on fertilization tables of the Comissão de Fertilidade do Solo do Estado de Minas Gerais CFSEMGE 5th approximation. The work was conducted in the facilities of the Instituto Federal do Sul de Minas, Machado campus, MG, and the José do Rosário Vellano University, Alfenas campus, MG. Two technologies were used for the development of the software: JAVA (programming language) and MYSQL (database). Among its features, the software performs the registration of producer, property, cultivated area, and data from soil analysis. Its main function is to calculate the amount of lime and fertilizer using macronutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium) and micronutrients (boron and zinc). The easy-to-use compound obtained does not demand the installation of computers and high settings, what allows the generation of reports containing information about all the entries made, and the recommendation of liming and fertilization for the use of agronomists, technicians and producers. / A informática pode ser uma aliada na busca pelo aumento da eficiência no cultivo do tomateiro e na profissionalização do setor, sendo o estado de Minas Gerais um importante produtor no cenário nacional. O presente trabalho objetiva o desenvolvimento de um Software para uso via internet com interface amigável e navegação intuitiva, que pode ser empregado como ferramenta para recomendação de calagem e adubação na cultura do tomateiro baseado nas tabelas de adubação para a cultura, elaboradas pela Comissão de Fertilidade de Solo do Estado de Minas Gerais CFSEMG - 5ª aproximação. O trabalho foi desenvolvido nas dependências do Instituto Federal Sul de Minas, Campus Machado MG, e da Universidade José do Rosário Vellano, Campus Alfenas MG. No desenvolvimento do software utilizou-se das tecnologias JAVA (Linguagem de Programação) e MYSQL (Banco de Dados). O software possui entre suas funcionalidades o cadastro do produtor, propriedade, área cultivada e os dados da análise do solo. Sua principal função é o cálculo da quantidade de calcário e adubação utilizando os macronutrientes (nitrogênio, fósforo e potássio) e micronutrientes (boro e zinco). O produto obtido é uma aplicação de fácil utilização sem a necessidade de instalação e computadores de configurações elevadas, que permite a geração de relatórios com informações de todos os cadastros realizados, e o principal que é a recomendação de calagem e adubação ao produtor, permitindo o uso do sistema por agrônomos, técnicos e produtores.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-01-26T18:56:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao.pdf: 2476092 bytes, checksum: 34129c8ce2ecd1471192207a3b2af400 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-11-30 / There is now a global concern with the agroecosystem sustainability, competitiveness and exonomic viability of agricultural activities. Intercropping of winter maize with forage grasses have been studied because of its benefits in relation to biomass production per area. Objective of this study was to evaluate the interference of density Brachiaria ruziziensis cv. Common intercropped with the winter maize in grain yield, in dry mass and nutrients of forage. The experiment was conducted in soil characterized and Oxiol under conditions of degraded pasture in the Technical School Prof. Luíz Pires Barbosa Cândido Mota city (SP). The experimental desing was randomized blocks with five treatments and four replications. The treatments consisted of the population of B. ruziziensis 2.5; 5,0; 10,0; e 20,0 plants per linear meter and simultaneously sown between the lines of winter maize (0,90m). It was concluded that the values of agronomic evaluation of maize analyzed showed no interference of the treatments, only the height of attachment of spikes was affected by populations of B. ruziziensis; the intercropped presented B. Ruziziensis winter maize with increased grain yeld cereal with a population up to 9,5 plants per linear meter of forage; the total production of dry B. ruziziensis showed higher response to the population at the expense of desiccation in their time of physiological maturity of maize; the accumulation of macro and micronutrients in B. ruziziensis increased as function of the populations with the exception of potassium and iron. / Existe atualmente uma preocupação mundial com a sustentabilidade do agroecossistema, competitividade e viabilidade econômica das atividades agropecuárias. A consorciação do milho safrinha com gramíneas forrageiras tem sido objeto de estudos em decorrência de seus benefícios com relação à produção de fitomassa por área. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a interferência da densidade de plantas de Brachiaria ruziziensis cv. Comum em consórcio com o milho safrinha na produtividade de grãos, no acúmulo de massa seca e nutrientes dessa forrageira. O experimento foi conduzido em solo caracterizado como Latossolo vermelho eutroférrico em condições de pastagem degradada na Escola Técnica Prof. Luiz Pires Barbosa no município de Cândido Mota (SP). O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos ao acaso com cinco tratamentos e quatro repetições. Os tratamentos foram constituídos das populações de plantas de B. ruziziensis (2,5; 5,0; 10; e 20) plantas por metro linear semeadas simultaneamente e na entrelinha do milho safrinha (0,90 m). Conclui-se que os valores das avaliações agronômicas analisadas do milho não evidenciaram interferência dos tratamentos, somente a altura da inserção de espigas foi afetada pelas populações de B.ruziziensis; o consórcio de milho safrinha com B.ruziziensis apresentou incremento de produtividade de grãos do cereal com população até 9,5 plantas da forrageira por metro linear; a produção total de massa seca da B. ruziziensis apresentou maior resposta às populações por ocasião da sua dessecação em detrimento da época da maturidade fisiológica do milho; o acúmulo de macro e micronutrientes na B.ruziziensis aumentou em função das populações com exceção do potássio e ferro.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-01-26T18:56:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Carlos Eduardo Peixoto Fontes.pdf: 503012 bytes, checksum: 716651363a2569d3e07eac2d397e1a5f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-08-22 / The objective of this work was to study the effect of foliar fertilization with nitrogen and calcium on yield and fruit quality. The nutrients source used were the commercial fertilizer Nitroplus 9 (10% of N and 9% of Ca) and the mineral fertilizer calcium nitrate (15,5% of N and 9,5% of Ca), applied on different phenological stages of the crop. The experiment were conducted on a 4 year-old commercial orchard of Pera orange, grafted on Sunki tangerine, placed at Rio Claro, SP. It was studied five different treatments: one calcium nitrate treatment, three Nitroplus 9 different dosis and control. The treatments conducted were: 1 Control (no foliar fertilization); 2 Three foliar applications of 10 Kg ha-1 with calcium nitrate; 3 - Three foliar applications of 10,0 l ha-1 with Nitroplus 9 ; 4 - Three foliar applications of 20,0 l ha-1 with Nitroplus 9 ; and, 5 - Three foliar applications of 30,0 liters ha-1 with Nitroplus 9 . The foliar fertilizations were made on the phenological stages R1/R2 (October/2012), F1 (November/2012) and in the autumn vegetation (april/2013). The experimental design was randomized complete block with six replicates. Treatments 3, 4 and 5 lead to a significant increase on quality parameters, in other words, on total soluble solids, on ratio and on industrial yield. / O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a produtividade e a qualidade de frutos cítricos em função da aplicação foliar de nitrogênio e cálcio, utilizando como fonte dos nutrientes o fertilizante foliar comercial Nitroplus 9 (10% de N e 9% de Ca) e o fertilizante mineral nitrato de cálcio (15,5% de N e 9,5% de Ca) pulverizado em diferentes estágios fenológicos da cultura. O experimento foi conduzido em lavoura comercial de laranja Pera , enxertada em tangerineira Sunki , com 4 anos de idade e localizada no município de Rio Claro, SP. Foram realizados 5 tratamentos, onde foram estudadas 1 dose do fertilizante nitrato de cálcio, 3 doses do fertilizante foliar Nitroplus 9 e a testemunha. Os tratamentos foram os seguintes: 1 Testemunha (sem adubação foliar); 2 3 aplicações de 10 Kg ha-1 de nitrato de cálcio; 3 3 aplicações de 10 litros ha-1 de Nitroplus 9 ; 4 3 aplicações de 20 litros ha-1 de Nitroplus 9 ; e, 5 - 3 aplicações de 30 litros ha-1 de Nitroplus 9 . As aplicações foliares foram realizadas nos estágios fenológicos R1/R2 (outubro/2012), F1 (novembro/2012) e na vegetação outonal (abril/2013). O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos ao acaso, com 6 repetições. Os tratamentos 3, 4 e 5 proporcionaram efeitos significativos nos parâmetros qualitativos, proporcionando aumento no teor de sólidos solúveis totais, no ratio e no rendimento industrial.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-18T17:51:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao.pdf: 2476092 bytes, checksum: 34129c8ce2ecd1471192207a3b2af400 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-11-30 / There is now a global concern with the agroecosystem sustainability, competitiveness and exonomic viability of agricultural activities. Intercropping of winter maize with forage grasses have been studied because of its benefits in relation to biomass production per area. Objective of this study was to evaluate the interference of density Brachiaria ruziziensis cv. Common intercropped with the winter maize in grain yield, in dry mass and nutrients of forage. The experiment was conducted in soil characterized and Oxiol under conditions of degraded pasture in the Technical School Prof. Luíz Pires Barbosa Cândido Mota city (SP). The experimental desing was randomized blocks with five treatments and four replications. The treatments consisted of the population of B. ruziziensis 2.5; 5,0; 10,0; e 20,0 plants per linear meter and simultaneously sown between the lines of winter maize (0,90m). It was concluded that the values of agronomic evaluation of maize analyzed showed no interference of the treatments, only the height of attachment of spikes was affected by populations of B. ruziziensis; the intercropped presented B. Ruziziensis winter maize with increased grain yeld cereal with a population up to 9,5 plants per linear meter of forage; the total production of dry B. ruziziensis showed higher response to the population at the expense of desiccation in their time of physiological maturity of maize; the accumulation of macro and micronutrients in B. ruziziensis increased as function of the populations with the exception of potassium and iron. / Existe atualmente uma preocupação mundial com a sustentabilidade do agroecossistema, competitividade e viabilidade econômica das atividades agropecuárias. A consorciação do milho safrinha com gramíneas forrageiras tem sido objeto de estudos em decorrência de seus benefícios com relação à produção de fitomassa por área. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a interferência da densidade de plantas de Brachiaria ruziziensis cv. Comum em consórcio com o milho safrinha na produtividade de grãos, no acúmulo de massa seca e nutrientes dessa forrageira. O experimento foi conduzido em solo caracterizado como Latossolo vermelho eutroférrico em condições de pastagem degradada na Escola Técnica Prof. Luiz Pires Barbosa no município de Cândido Mota (SP). O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos ao acaso com cinco tratamentos e quatro repetições. Os tratamentos foram constituídos das populações de plantas de B. ruziziensis (2,5; 5,0; 10; e 20) plantas por metro linear semeadas simultaneamente e na entrelinha do milho safrinha (0,90 m). Conclui-se que os valores das avaliações agronômicas analisadas do milho não evidenciaram interferência dos tratamentos, somente a altura da inserção de espigas foi afetada pelas populações de B.ruziziensis; o consórcio de milho safrinha com B.ruziziensis apresentou incremento de produtividade de grãos do cereal com população até 9,5 plantas da forrageira por metro linear; a produção total de massa seca da B. ruziziensis apresentou maior resposta às populações por ocasião da sua dessecação em detrimento da época da maturidade fisiológica do milho; o acúmulo de macro e micronutrientes na B.ruziziensis aumentou em função das populações com exceção do potássio e ferro.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-18T17:51:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Carlos Eduardo Peixoto Fontes.pdf: 503012 bytes, checksum: 716651363a2569d3e07eac2d397e1a5f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-08-22 / The objective of this work was to study the effect of foliar fertilization with nitrogen and calcium on yield and fruit quality. The nutrients source used were the commercial fertilizer Nitroplus 9 (10% of N and 9% of Ca) and the mineral fertilizer calcium nitrate (15,5% of N and 9,5% of Ca), applied on different phenological stages of the crop. The experiment were conducted on a 4 year-old commercial orchard of Pera orange, grafted on Sunki tangerine, placed at Rio Claro, SP. It was studied five different treatments: one calcium nitrate treatment, three Nitroplus 9 different dosis and control. The treatments conducted were: 1 Control (no foliar fertilization); 2 Three foliar applications of 10 Kg ha-1 with calcium nitrate; 3 - Three foliar applications of 10,0 l ha-1 with Nitroplus 9 ; 4 - Three foliar applications of 20,0 l ha-1 with Nitroplus 9 ; and, 5 - Three foliar applications of 30,0 liters ha-1 with Nitroplus 9 . The foliar fertilizations were made on the phenological stages R1/R2 (October/2012), F1 (November/2012) and in the autumn vegetation (april/2013). The experimental design was randomized complete block with six replicates. Treatments 3, 4 and 5 lead to a significant increase on quality parameters, in other words, on total soluble solids, on ratio and on industrial yield. / O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a produtividade e a qualidade de frutos cítricos em função da aplicação foliar de nitrogênio e cálcio, utilizando como fonte dos nutrientes o fertilizante foliar comercial Nitroplus 9 (10% de N e 9% de Ca) e o fertilizante mineral nitrato de cálcio (15,5% de N e 9,5% de Ca) pulverizado em diferentes estágios fenológicos da cultura. O experimento foi conduzido em lavoura comercial de laranja Pera , enxertada em tangerineira Sunki , com 4 anos de idade e localizada no município de Rio Claro, SP. Foram realizados 5 tratamentos, onde foram estudadas 1 dose do fertilizante nitrato de cálcio, 3 doses do fertilizante foliar Nitroplus 9 e a testemunha. Os tratamentos foram os seguintes: 1 Testemunha (sem adubação foliar); 2 3 aplicações de 10 Kg ha-1 de nitrato de cálcio; 3 3 aplicações de 10 litros ha-1 de Nitroplus 9 ; 4 3 aplicações de 20 litros ha-1 de Nitroplus 9 ; e, 5 - 3 aplicações de 30 litros ha-1 de Nitroplus 9 . As aplicações foliares foram realizadas nos estágios fenológicos R1/R2 (outubro/2012), F1 (novembro/2012) e na vegetação outonal (abril/2013). O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos ao acaso, com 6 repetições. Os tratamentos 3, 4 e 5 proporcionaram efeitos significativos nos parâmetros qualitativos, proporcionando aumento no teor de sólidos solúveis totais, no ratio e no rendimento industrial.