Purpose: To investigate the differential effects of solutions providing varying concentrations of carbohydrate and/or protein ingested between 200-meter sprints on sprint time. Subjects: Recruitment was from the Georgia State University track and field team. Methods: The study protocol was approved by the Georgia State University IRB. Ten subjects, 18 to 21 years of age, consented to be included in the study. Nine subjects (7 females; 2 males) completed trial 1, six subjects (5 females; 1 male) completed trial 2, and three subjects (2 females; 1 male) completed the final trial. Each trial consisted of a 200-meter sprint followed by the immediate ingestion of a post-exercise recovery beverage within the first fifteen minutes of a one-hour recovery period. Following the one-hour of recovery, subjects sprinted a second 200-meter sprint. Beverage solutions were formulated to contain 1.2 g of protein (PRO), 1.2 g carbohydrate (CHO), or 1.2 g carbohydrate with protein (CHO/PRO) per kg of subject body weight. Using a single blind, non-randomized design, subjects received the same recovery beverage in each trial. Each trial consisted of either PRO (trial 1), CHO (trial 2), or CHO/PRO (trial 3), with one week separating trials. Sprint times were recorded in seconds and ten hundredths of a second using a manual, digital stopwatch. Results: During PRO, two subjects sprinted faster (x= -.25 sec), three subjects saw no change in sprint time, and four subjects sprinted slower (x= +.98 sec). During CHO, two female subjects sprinted faster between sprints (x= -.85 sec); and all other subjects (n=4) sprinted slower (x= +.73 sec). During CHO/PRO, no subjects sprinted faster from sprint 1 to sprint 2 (x= +.33 sec) Conclusions: Post-exercise nutritional supplementation effects varied among subjects, with some subjects performing better following PRO, while others experiencing improvements with CHO. In general, subjects performed better following consumption of the CHO beverage. Of those who ran faster between sprints, the CHO beverage resulted in an average improvement of -.85 sec, while the PRO beverage resulted in an average improvement of -.25 sec. On average, CHO resulted in faster 2nd sprints (x= +.20 sec) than the PRO beverage (x= +.47 sec) or the CHO/PRO beverage (x= +.33 sec). Continued research in this population is necessary for elucidation of study results. This investigation may serve as the foundation for future, related studies.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:23:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2012-07-31Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:51:01Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 ferreira_cs_me_jabo.pdf: 551610 bytes, checksum: f32e6cfeda668e6d17e2f08a7c090eb9 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Os antioxidantes podem agir retardando ou prevenindo a oxidação do substrato envolvido nos processos oxidativos, impedindo a formação de radicais livres. Neste estudo foram avaliados os efeitos do óleo de caju e mamona, empregados isoladamente ou em associação, e do óleo de peixe sobre o status oxidativo de cães. As dietas utilizadas foram controle (CN); óleo de Cajú (OCA), contendo 0,06% de óleo de cajú; óleo de mamona (OMA), contendo 0,018% de óleo de mamona; óleo de caju e mamona em associação (OCAOMA), contendo 0,015% da mistura de ambos; óleo de peixe (PEIXE), contendo 0,5% de óleo de peixe. Os animais passaram por um período de adaptação de 30 dias, recebendo uma dieta comercial padrão. Após este período foram alimentados com as dietas experimentais por 84 dias. Foram coletadas amostras de sangue nos períodos 0, 28, 56 e 84 dias. Após esse período, uma simulação de estresse de transporte foi realizada e após 3 horas procedeu-se a coleta de sangue. Foram realizados os ensaios do ácido Tiobarbitúrico (TBARS), Capacidade Antioxidante Total (TAC) e o Sequestro do radical 2,2-difenil-1-picril-hidrazil (DPPH) nas amostras de soro coletadas. Não houve efeito da adição das diferentes fontes de lipídeos, embora tenha sido verificado uma tendência a redução (p=0,06) nos níveis séricos de TBARS nos animais que receberam dieta contendo óleo de peixe. Não foi verificado efeito da inclusão dos óleos de caju e mamona sobre o status oxidativo dos cães. Por outro lado, o modelo de stress empregado no estudo promoveu modificações nos parâmetros oxidativos analisados, porém, sem efeito do tratamento recebido. Tendo em vista os resultados obtidos e parâmetros de avaliação do status oxidativo dos cães, o uso de óleo de caju e mamona nas doses utilizadas não promoveu alteração no status oxidativo dos cães / Antioxidants may act by preventing or retarding the oxidation of oxidative processes involved in preventing the formation of free radicals. This study evaluated the effects of cashew and castor oil, used alone or in combination, and fish oil on the oxidative status of dogs. The diets were control (CN); oil Cashew (OCA), containing 0.06% of cashew nut oil, castor oil (OMA), containing 0.018% of castor oil, castor oil and cashew nuts in combination (OCAOMA) containing 0.015% of the mixture of both; fish oil (FISH), containing 0.5% fish oil. The animals went through an adjustment period of 30 days, receiving a standard commercial diet. After they were fed the experimental diets for 84 days. Blood samples were collected in periods 0, 28, 56 and 84 days. After this period, a simulation of transport stress was performed after 3 hours and proceeded to collect blood. Assays were performed in the thiobarbituric acid (TBARS), Total Antioxidant Capacity (TAC) and the sequestration of the radical 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) in serum samples collected. No effect of addition of different lipid sources, although it has been a trend to decrease (p = 0.06) in serum levels of TBARS in the animals fed the diet containing fish oil. There was no effect of inclusion of cashew and castor oil on the oxidative status of the dogs. Moreover, the model used in the study of stress promoted oxidative modifications in the parameters considered, however, no effect of treatment received. In view of the results and parameters for assessing the oxidative status of the dogs, the use of cashew and castor oil in the doses used does not change the oxidative status of dogs

Orientador: Wignez Henrique / Banca: Renata Tieko Nassu / Banca: Hirasilva Borba / Resumo: Objetivou-se avaliar diferentes tempos de maturação dos músculos longissimus (LD) e triceps brachii (TB), e sua influência sobre os aspectos físicos e químicos da carne de novilhos Nelore confinados, que receberam dieta controle, com óleo de linhaça in natura (3,4 % na MS) ou protegido (4,5 % na MS) da degradação ruminal durante 105 dias na fase de terminação. O volumoso utilizado foi silagem de milho (40% da MS) e as dietas com adição de óleo foram isoenergéticas (76,0% NDT e 6,1% EE). Os animais foram confinados em baias individuais e abatidos com 522,71 ± 27,99 kg de peso corporal e 21-22 meses de idade. Da meia-carcaça esquerda, foram retirados os músculos estudados, que foram fatiados, e os bifes maturados por zero, sete e 14 dias, em câmara de demanda bioquímica de oxigênio (B.O.D.) entre 0 e 2 °C. Nas análises das características físicas e químicas da carne, a maturação afetou a luminosidade, a intensidade de vermelho e a capacidade de retenção de água. As demais variáveis apresentaram interação entre tempo de maturação e músculo, sendo que as perdas por cocção também mostraram efeito da interação entre tempos de maturação e dieta. No desdobramento das interações, a força de cisalhamento apresentou efeito significativo dos tempos de maturação no dia 0 e 14. No dia 0, o músculo TB apresentou menor força de cisalhamento ao contrário do dia 14, que foi menor no músculo LD. E dentro de cada músculo, ambos apresentaram redução (P<0,001) da força de cisalhamento com a matura... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The objective was to evaluate different aging times of the longissimus and triceps brachii muscles, and their influence on the physical and chemical meat aspects from fattening Nelore steers. The animals were kept in individual pens and received diet with no added oil, with in natura or protected linseed oil, during 105 days of feedlot. The roughage used was corn silage (40% of the MS) and diets with addition of oil were isoenergetic (76.0% NDT and 6.1% EE). The animals were slaughtered with 522.71 ± 27.99 kg of body weight and 21-22 months of age. From the left half carcass, muscles were removed and sliced; steaks were aged during zero, seven and 14 days, between 0 and 2 °C in Biochemical Oxygen Demand chamber. Aging time affected the meat lightness, the intensity of red and the water holding capacity. The other variables showed interaction between aging time and muscle, and cooking losses also showed the effect of interaction between aging time and diet. Shear force presented significant effect of aging time on the day 0 and 14; at day 0, the triceps muscle showed lower shear force, while at day 14, longissimus was softer. Both muscles decreased the shear force by aging time in a quadratic way. Interaction among aging time and muscle were found for most of fatty acids quantity, except for linoleic (C18:2 n-6), α-linolenic (C18:3 n-3), conjugate linoleic (C18:2 cis trans 11 9), arachidic (C20:0), eicosadienoic (C20:2), eicosatrienoic (C20:3 n-6), arachidonic (C20:4 n-6), eic... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

Orientador: Aulus Cavalieri Carciofi / Coorientador: Ricardo Souza Vasconcellos / Coorientador: Marcio Antonio Brunetto / Banca: José Corrêa de Lacerda Neto / Banca: Alceu Afonso Jordão Junior / Resumo: Os antioxidantes podem agir retardando ou prevenindo a oxidação do substrato envolvido nos processos oxidativos, impedindo a formação de radicais livres. Neste estudo foram avaliados os efeitos do óleo de caju e mamona, empregados isoladamente ou em associação, e do óleo de peixe sobre o status oxidativo de cães. As dietas utilizadas foram controle (CN); óleo de Cajú (OCA), contendo 0,06% de óleo de cajú; óleo de mamona (OMA), contendo 0,018% de óleo de mamona; óleo de caju e mamona em associação (OCAOMA), contendo 0,015% da mistura de ambos; óleo de peixe (PEIXE), contendo 0,5% de óleo de peixe. Os animais passaram por um período de adaptação de 30 dias, recebendo uma dieta comercial padrão. Após este período foram alimentados com as dietas experimentais por 84 dias. Foram coletadas amostras de sangue nos períodos 0, 28, 56 e 84 dias. Após esse período, uma simulação de estresse de transporte foi realizada e após 3 horas procedeu-se a coleta de sangue. Foram realizados os ensaios do ácido Tiobarbitúrico (TBARS), Capacidade Antioxidante Total (TAC) e o Sequestro do radical 2,2-difenil-1-picril-hidrazil (DPPH) nas amostras de soro coletadas. Não houve efeito da adição das diferentes fontes de lipídeos, embora tenha sido verificado uma tendência a redução (p=0,06) nos níveis séricos de TBARS nos animais que receberam dieta contendo óleo de peixe. Não foi verificado efeito da inclusão dos óleos de caju e mamona sobre o status oxidativo dos cães. Por outro lado, o modelo de stress empregado no estudo promoveu modificações nos parâmetros oxidativos analisados, porém, sem efeito do tratamento recebido. Tendo em vista os resultados obtidos e parâmetros de avaliação do status oxidativo dos cães, o uso de óleo de caju e mamona nas doses utilizadas não promoveu alteração no status oxidativo dos cães / Abstract: Antioxidants may act by preventing or retarding the oxidation of oxidative processes involved in preventing the formation of free radicals. This study evaluated the effects of cashew and castor oil, used alone or in combination, and fish oil on the oxidative status of dogs. The diets were control (CN); oil Cashew (OCA), containing 0.06% of cashew nut oil, castor oil (OMA), containing 0.018% of castor oil, castor oil and cashew nuts in combination (OCAOMA) containing 0.015% of the mixture of both; fish oil (FISH), containing 0.5% fish oil. The animals went through an adjustment period of 30 days, receiving a standard commercial diet. After they were fed the experimental diets for 84 days. Blood samples were collected in periods 0, 28, 56 and 84 days. After this period, a simulation of transport stress was performed after 3 hours and proceeded to collect blood. Assays were performed in the thiobarbituric acid (TBARS), Total Antioxidant Capacity (TAC) and the sequestration of the radical 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) in serum samples collected. No effect of addition of different lipid sources, although it has been a trend to decrease (p = 0.06) in serum levels of TBARS in the animals fed the diet containing fish oil. There was no effect of inclusion of cashew and castor oil on the oxidative status of the dogs. Moreover, the model used in the study of stress promoted oxidative modifications in the parameters considered, however, no effect of treatment received. In view of the results and parameters for assessing the oxidative status of the dogs, the use of cashew and castor oil in the doses used does not change the oxidative status of dogs / Mestre

La culture du fruit de la passion jaune fruit est d'une importance capitale pour la région Presidente Prudente- SP et la deuxième région en termes de production dans l'État de São Paulo. Une nutrition minérale appropriée pour les plantes est importante pour obtenir des rendements élevés, associés à la qualité des fruits. Ainsi, ce travail était d'étudier la nutrition minérale avec de l'azote, le phosphore et le potassium et ses effets sur les caractéristiques chimiques du sol, l'état nutritionnel des plantes, la qualité des fruits, la production et l'exportation de nutriments dans les jeunes plantes fruits de la passion. La manipulation a été réalisée en une fraction de factorielle ½ x 4³ NPK avec 32 traitements: 4 doses de N: 150; 300; 600; 1200 kg ha-1 N ayant pour fournir le nitrate d'ammonium (32% de N); 4 doses de P: 200; 400; 800; 1600 kg ha-1 P2O5, source de superphosphate triple (42% P) et 4 doses de K: 150; 300; 500; 700 kg ha-1 K2O avec la potasse des engrais (60% K). Les paramètres analysés sont les suivants: produits chimiques du sol, les niveaux de macronutriments et les micronutriments feuilles et les fruits; ha-1 productivité; production de fruits commerciaux; pourcentage de fruits commerciaux; classification des fruits; nombre total de fruits; poids moyen des fruits; rendement en pâte; brix; pH du jus; acidité titrable vitamine C; épaisseur shell; longueur de fruits et l'exportation de nutriments avec des fruits. Dans le sol, la fertilisation azotée influence la disponibilité du phosphore et du soufre. N taux ont augmenté la teneur en N des feuilles, d'où l'élément nutritif influe sur les caractéristiques d'épaisseur de l'écorce, le pourcentage commercial, production de fruits commerciaux et classification, aidant par la suite dans l'exportation de N par le fruit de fruits de la passion. L'exportation N maximale avec des fruits était 106.76 kg ha-1 pour un rendement estimé de 43,02 Mg ha-1. La fertilisation en phosphore a augmenté la teneur en P du sol, avec la disponibilité maximale de P obtenue était 238,78 mg dm-3 dans la dose 1600 kg ha-1 de P2O5. Le match a également augmenté la concentration de S dans les feuilles. Les doses de P2O5 a augmenté le nombre total des fruits. L'interaction de N et K2O interférer dans les niveaux du sol K. Les doses K2O ont montré aucun effet sur la teneur en éléments nutritifs de la feuille et l'état nutritionnel des fruits, par conséquent, il n'y avait pas de réponse dans l'exportation de nutriments aux fruits. Cependant, le potassium, le pourcentage amélioré et la production commerciale de fruits, de classification et a provoqué la diminution de la teneur en vitamine C de la pulpe. / The culture of yellow passion fruit is extremely important for President Prudente SP region and the second region in terms of production in the state of São Paulo. Proper mineral nutrition for the plants is important to obtain high yields, coupled with the quality of fruit. Thus this work was to study the mineral nutrition with nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium and its effects on the chemical characteristics of the soil, nutritional status of plants, fruit quality, production and export of nutrients in yellow passion fruit plants. The experiment was conducted in a factorial split ½ x 4³ NPK with 32 treatments: 4 doses of N: 150; 300; 600; 1200 kg ha-1 N having to supply ammonium nitrate (32% N); 4 doses of P: 200; 400; 800; 1600 kg ha-1 P2O5, source superphosphate triple (42% P) and 4 doses of K: 150; 300; 500; 700 kg ha-1 K2O with the fertilizer potassium chloride (60% K). The parameters analyzed were: soil chemical, levels of macronutrients and micronutrients leaves and fruit; productivity ha-1; production of commercial fruits; percentage of commercial fruits; fruit classification; total number of fruits; average fruit weight; pulp yield; brix; pH of the juice; titratable acidity, vitamin C; shell thickness; fruit length and the export of nutrients with fruit. In the soil, nitrogen fertilization influenced the availability of phosphorus and sulfur. N rates increased the N content of the leaves, hence the nutrient influences the characteristics of shell thickness, commercial percentage, production of commercial fruits and classification, subsequently assisting in the export of N by the fruit of passion fruit. The maximum export N with fruit was 106.76 kg ha-1 for an estimated yield of 43.02 Mg ha-1. The phosphorus fertilization increased the P content of the soil, with the maximum availability of P obtained was 238.78 mg dm-3 in the dose 1600 kg ha-1 of P2O5. The P rate also increased the concentration of S in the leaves. The doses of P2O5 increased the total number of fruits. The interaction of N and K2O interfere in K soil levels. The K2O doses showed no effect on the nutrient content of the sheet and the nutritional status of fruit consequently, there was no answer in the export of nutrients to the fruit. However, potassium improved the percentage and production of commercial fruits, classification and caused decrease in vitamin C content of the pulp.